• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.27-39
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• 2005

a-Ketol linolenic acid [KODA, 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid, or 9-hydroxy-10 -oxo-12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid] was found as a stress-induced factor in Lemna paucicostata. KODA reacts with catecholamines to generate many products that strongly induce flowering in L. paucicostata, although KODA itself was inactive. KODA contains an asymmetric carbon at the 9-position in the molecule; the 9-hydroxyl group is predominantly 9R, with an enantiomeric excess of 40% (70% 9R and 30% 9S). We analyzed two major products of the reaction between KODA and norepinephrine, named FN1 and FN2. FN1 was identified as a tricyclic a-ketol fatty acid, 9(R)-11-{(2'R,8’R,10'S,11'S)-2',8'-dihydroxy-7'-oxo-11'-[(Z)-2-pentenyl]-9'-oxa-4'-azatricyclo[6.3.1.01.5]dodec-5'en-10'-yl}-9-hydroxy-10-oxoundecanoic acid. FN2 was the C-9 epimer of FN1. FN1 was derived from 9R-type KODA and FN2 from 9S-type. FN1 showed strong flower-inducing activity, but FN2 was inactive. Pharbitis nil (violet) is a typical short-day plant; flowering can be induced by exposing a seedling cultivated under continuous light to a single 16-h dark period. We analyzed endogenous KODA levels and showed that they were closely related to flower induction: KODA sharply increased in the later part of a 16-h dark period, on the other hand, it failed to increase in the night-break experiment. In addition to it, KODA increased transiently in immature flower buds in all the plants we examined, including P. nil. No such increase of KODA was seen in foliar buds of P. nil. When KODA was sprayed on seedlings of Pharbitis, flower induction was promoted only by the (R)-form of KODA. We also found that KODA enhances flowering in garden plants such as carnations and impatienses. These phenomena indicate that KODA may be involved in flowering formationg of plants and it is potentially useful for a regulating agent for commercial plant flowering.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.951-960
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• 1999

We performed this study to evaluate the potential clinical marker of urinary trypsinogen-2 together with amylase, lipase and urinary amylase creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs. In the experiment on daily changing patterns of amylase, lipase and ACCR measurements in experimentally induced pancreatitis dogs, compared to values measured in pre-induction state, significant difference was seen in amylase until 5th day of induction, and for lipase significant difference was found during the 7th day of observation period (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in ACCR for the study period (p > 0.05). On SDS-PAGE analysis of urine from experimentally induced pancreatitis dog, The 26kd band was markedly increased compared with that of normal state and that band was confirmed trypsinogen-2 using substrate interaction and isoelectric focusing assay after being eluted. When assessing the appearance of 26kd band on urine SDS-PAGE 87.1% (range: 50~100%) of experimentally induced pancreatitis dogs showed positive results, whereas no corresponding band was seen in dog without pancreatic disorders. With this result, determination of urinary trypsinogen-2 assay was found to have a high diagnostic value with a 70% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity as a routine test for pancreatitis, although the detection of trypsinogen-2 in urine can be varied on the progression stage of pancreatitis at the initial visit to animal clinic. We therefore suggest that the promising results in this study be used for the development of dipstick test for detecting acute pancreatitis in the future research.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2011

This study was conducted to optimize processing of functional seasoning sauce for instant noodles (SSIN) using response surface methodology (RSM), and to compare the functional properties of commercial SSIN. Central composite designs were adopted in the SSIN processing for ingredient formula optimization. Concentrations of sea tangle ($X_1$), traditional soy sauce ($X_2$), yeast extract ($X_3$) and Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) ($X_4$) were chosen as independent variables. The dependent variables were glutamic acid content ($Y_1$), score of sensory evaluation ($Y_2$), and antioxidative activity ($Y_3$). We found the optimal conditions to be $X_1$=3.91%, $X_2$=20.57%, $X_3$=3.04% and $X_4$=3.78%. The predicted values of the multiple response optimal conditions were $Y_1$=124.0 mg/100 g, $Y_2$=7.6 and $Y_3$=1.95. The antioxidative activity (PF, PF=oil induction period with sauce/oil induction period with distilled water) and ACE inhibitory activity of ECE-added SSIN were 1.98 and 29.0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of commercial SSIN (1.09 and 4.4%, respectively).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1999

Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of perilla were cultured on MS medium containing a combined concentration of BA(0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg/$\ell$) and NAA(0.1, 0.5 and 2.0mg/$\ell$) in order to regenerate the explant and induce the callus. The best regeneration of the explant and induction of the callus were observed in a combined concenteration of 0.5mg/$\ell$ of BA and 0.5mg/$\ell$ NAA both in cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. In cotyledon explants, rooting was achieved upon transferring shoots to MS medium containing 0.5mg/$\ell$ of BA and 0.1mg/$\ell$ of NAA. We also investigated the change of protein and RNA content on developmental stage of callus and plant regeneration of perilla. Protein content was increased but RNA content was decreased as the culture period increases. The banding pattern of polypeptide revealed that both 30KD and 45KD polypeptides were obvious in cotyledon obtained from pre-culture explants, but only 30KD polypeptide was further getting obvious as the culture period increases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.811-816
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• 1999

Background : Nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy are common side effects which remain difficult to control. Acute phase nausea and vomiting (0-24 hours after induction of chemotherapy) parallels plasma serotonin release, which explains the effectiveness of $5-HT_3$ receptor antagonists. Serotonin released from gastrointestinal enterochromaffin cells may mediate chemotherapy-induced emesis. In this study, we analyzed urinary excretion of 5-HIAA, the main metabolite of serotonin. Methods : Eight men and four women were studied in their cisplatin chemotherapy cycle. Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleaoetic aicd (HIAA) levels were determined before and during a 24-hour period under ondansetron prophylaxis. Results : Urinary 5-HIAA excretion for a 24-hour period was increased in all patients after induction of cisplatin (P=0.002). Conclusion : Cisplatin chemotherapy is associated with serotonin release in the acute phase. Our finding may provide evidence for a relationship between emesis and serotonin following cisplatin chemotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.867-873
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• 1993

Influences of crystallization time and $H_2O/Al_2O_3$ ratio of the reaction mixtures on the synthesis of AlPO$_4$-5 molecular sieve have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and solid state $^{27}$Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) techniques. The degree of crystallinity of AlPO$_4$-5 follows a sigmoid pattem as crystallization time increases. The induction period is shorter than 1 h when the crystallization process is carried out at 150$^{\circ}$C. The conversion of reactants to product, AlPO$_4$-5, can be clearly observed, and all of the determined physical properties change abruptly after about 2 h. It is found that increase in $H_2O/Al_2O_3$ ratio of the reaction mixtures not only changes the crystal morphology from aggregates to hexagonal single crystals, but also results in the formation of longer AlPO$_4$-5 crystals.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.87-92
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• 1986

In Order to study antioxidative action of water soluble fractions which had been steamed according to time as 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, they were compared through the inhibitory effect of lipoperoxide formation by TBA, peroxide value and induction time for the first period of lipoperoxide formation. Results are obtained as follows: 1. In vivo experiment with TBA value, water soluble fractions showed aninhibitory effect of lipoperoxide formation. 2. Comparing with the inhibitory effect of lipoperoxide formation with TBA value in vivo, water soluble fractions which had been steamed for 30 and 60 minutes and those from fresh garlic proved effective in the blood by intraperitoneal administration. But in the liver all of water soluble fractions showed distinctive effect as in the case of fresh garlic. 3. Effect of water soluble fractions which had been steamed for 15, 30 and 60 minutes showed a distinctive effect, water soluble fraction which had been steamed for 120 minutes and that from fresh garlic also showed effective in the blood as compared with control. 4. In oral administration, water soluble fraction of fresh garlic was the most effective in the liver. 5. In vitro experiment with peroxide value, water soluble fractions which had been steamed for 60 and 120 minutes were effective, all of water soluble fractions from steamed garlic were more effective than fresh garlic. 6. In Examining the induction time for the first period of lipoperoxide formation in vitro, water soluble fractions steamed for 30, 60 and 120 minutes were effective. Other fractions were also more effective than control.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 1990

To elucidate the role of tow environmental factors, temperatures and photoperiod, in diapause induction and development of the dark grey cutworm, Agrotis tokionis B., field and laboratory experiments were implemented. As larvae entered diapause later, the diapause duration became shorter resulting in the synchronization of pupation of the test population. The summer diapause of this insect was assumed to be obligatory because every mature larvae had to experience summer dormant period at all experimental conditions of temperature and photoperiod. It was suggested that the diapause stage could be divided into two different phases in relation to temperature reaction. as the temperatures examined, the duration of diapause was shortened by higher temperature in the early phase, while it was shortened by lower temperature in the late phase. Th diapause period was the shortest under short-day condition (LD 8:16)

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

The ubiquitin E3 ligase COP1 (Constitutive Photomorphogenesis 1) is a protein repressor of photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsisplants, and it found in various organisms, including animals. The COP1 protein regulates the stability of many of the light-signaling components that are involved in photomorphogenesis and in the developmental processes. To study the effect of COP1 on flowering in a short day plant, we have cloned a full-length of PnCOP1 (Pharbitis nil COP1) cDNA from Pharbitis nil Choisy cv. Violet, and we examined its transcript levels under various conditions. A full-length PnCOP1 cDNA consists of 2,280 bp nucleotidesthat contain 47 bp of 5'-UTR, 232 bp of 3'-UTR including the poly (A) tail, and 1,998 bp of the coding sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 666 amino acids, giving it a theoretical molecular weight of 75 kD and a isolectric point of 6.2. The PnCOP1 contains three distinct domains, an N-terminal $Zn^2+$-binding RING-finger domain, a coiled-coil structure, and WD40 repeats at the C-terminal, implying that the protein plays a role in protein-protein interactions. The PnCOP1 transcript was detected in the cotyledon, hypocotyls and leaves, but not in root. The levels of the PnCOP1 transcript were reduced in leaves that were a farther distance away from the cotyledons. The expression level of the PnCOP1 gene was inhibited by light, while the expression was increased in the dark. During the floral inductive 16 hour-dark period for Pharbitis nil, the expression was increased and it reached its maximum at the 12th hour of the dark period. The levels of PnCOP1 mRNA were dramatically reduced upon light illumination. These results suggest that PnCOP1 may play an important function in the floral induction of Pharbitis nil.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the factors implicated when people start smoking again after a 6 month cessation, and was carried out at the smoking cessation clinic of a public health center. Methods : The study subjects were 191 males who had attended the smoking cessation clinic of a public health center for 6 months in an attempt to quit smoking. Data was collected, by phone interview, regarding individual smoking habits, if any, over the 6 month study period. The factors which may have caused an individual to smoke again were examined. This study employed a health belief model as it theoretical basis. Results : Following a 6 month cessation, 24.1% of the study group began to smoke again during the 6 month test period. In a simple analysis, the factors related to individuals relapsing and smoking again included barriers of stress reduction, body weight gain and induction of smoking by surroundings among perceived barriers factor of our health belief model(p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis for relapsed smoking, significant factors included barriers of stress reduction and induction of smoking by surroundings(p<0.05). The most important reason of for an individual to relapse into smoking was stress(60.9%) and the most likely place for a relapse to occur was a drinking establishment(39.1%). Conclusions : Our results indicate that both regular consultations and a follow-up management program are important considerations in a public health center program geared towards maintaining smoking cessation.