• Title/Summary/Keyword: inducible resistance

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Screening of Novel Inducible Resistance Gene to Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS) Antibiotics from Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus spp (임상분리 Staphylococcus속 균주로부터 마크로라이드-린코사마이드-스트렙토그라민 B(MLS)계 항생물질에 대한 새로운 유도내성 유전자의 검색)

  • 오정자;권애란;이미정;김숙경;최성숙;최응칠;김병각
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 1993
  • From 84 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species, ten strains showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics were selected by disk agar diffusion method. Colony hybridization was executed using two MLS inducible resistance genes, ermA and ermC, previously identified from S. aureus as probes. S. hemolyticus 401 and S. epidermidis 542 whose genes were not homologous to those probes were finally selected. It was determined that the resistance genes of S. hemolyticus 401 and S. epidermidis 542 were not homologous to ermA, ermC and ermAM by Southern hybridization. S. epidermidis 542 had a plasmid DNA. To know if the plasmid may have genes related to inducible resistance, it was attempted to transform B. subtilis BR151 and S. aureus RN4220 with the plasmid prepared from S. epidermidis 542. It was shown that the gene related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics did not exist in this plasmid. These results indicate that two clinical isolates of S. hemolyticus 401 and S. epidermidis 542 had novel genes which were not homologous to MLS resistance genes identified previously. It was assumed that these genes may exist in chromosomal DNA.

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Screening of Inducible Resistance Genes to Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B(MLS) Antibiotics (마크로라이드-린코사마이드-스트렙토그라민 B(MLS)계 항생물질에 대한 유도 내성)

  • Kwon, Ae-Ran;Choi, Sung-Sook;Kim, Sook-Kyung;Chung, Young-Ja;Choi, Eung-Chil;Kim, Byoung-Kak
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.293-299
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    • 1994
  • Forty nine clinical isolates of S. aureus showing resistance to erythromycin(EM) were selected from 83 strains isolated recently in Korea. Fourteen strains of S. aureus showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics were selected by disc agar diffusion method. Colony hydridization was executed using two MLS inducible resistance genes, ermA and ermC, identified previously from S. aureus as probes. S. aureus 375 and S. aureus 507 whose genes were not homologous to those probes were finally selected. It was confirmed that the resistance genes of S. aureus 375 and S. aureus 507 had no homology with those probes in southern hybridization test using ermA, ermC and ermAM as probes. It was determined that S. aureus 375 had a plasmid whose size was about 35 kb. To know if the plasmid may have the genes related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics, it was attempted to transform Bacillus subtillis BR151 and S. aureus RN4220 with the plasmid isolated from S. aureus 375. It was shown that the gene related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics did not exist in this plasmid. These results indicate that two clinical isolates of S. aureus showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics have novel genes that have no homology with MLS resistance genes identified so far. It is assumed that these genes may exist in chromosomal DNA.

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Detection of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance Genes (ermA, ermB, and ermC) in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

  • Mazloumi, Mohammad Javad;Akbari, Reza;Yousefi, Saber
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.449-457
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    • 2021
  • The aim of the present study was to survey the frequency of inducible and constitutive phenotypes and inducible cross-resistant genes by regulating the methylation of 23S rRNA (ermA, ermB, and ermC) and macrolide efflux-related msrA gene in Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis strains. A total of 172 bacterial isolates (identified based on standard tests), were examined in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method, and all isolates were evaluated with respect to inducible and constitutive phenotypes. The presence of ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was investigated by a PCR assay. The constitutive resistance phenotypes showed a higher distribution among the isolates. R phenotype was detected more among S. epidermidis isolates (46.25%). ermB, ermC, and msrA genes were detected more in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates that had R and HD phenotypes (>77% strains). The ermA gene had the lowest frequency among MRSA, MRSE, MSSA, and MSSE strains (<14% isolates). Distribution of inducible resistance genes in MRSA and MRSE strains, and possibly other species, leads to increased constitutive resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and other similar antibiotics. Therefore, it can be challenging to treat infections caused by these resistant strains.

Inducible Resistance to Lincosamide Antibiotics by Lincosamide Antibiotics in Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis EMR 균주에서 린코사마이드계 항생물질에 의한 유도내성)

  • ;;Weisblum, Bernard
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.317-322
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    • 1986
  • To clarify resistance mechanisms of lincosamide antibiotics, it was examined whether lincosamide antibiotics was able to induce high resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics against EMR-1 strain of Bacillus species. And it was also examined whether the inducible resistance was plasmid-mediated or chromosome-mediated. This strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis by its morphological and physiological characteristics. The subinhibitory concentrations of lincomycin and clindamycin induced high resistance in the strain to lincosamide antibiotics, but not to macrolide antibiotics. The inducible resistance was not eliminated by treating the strain with ethidium bromide, and plasmid was not identified by the alkaline lysis method of plasmid preparation. These results indicate, therefore, that the inducible resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics in the strain may be chromosome-mediated, not plasmid-mediated.

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The Cloning of MLS Antibiotics Inducible Resistance Gene

  • Choi, Eung-Chil;Woo, Kyung-Won;Kwak, Jong-Suk;Kim, Jin-Hwan;Byung-Kak
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.176-180
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    • 1989
  • Four bacterial strains having inducible resistance to erythromycin were isolated from soil samples in Korea and characterized. MLS inducibility was checked in each strain. Cloning of inducible resistance gene(s) has been tried. Four isolates were identified as B. anthracis, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus faecium and B. licheniformis, in which erythromycin, oleandomycin, cirramycin and carbomycin acted as resistance inducers respectively. The resistance gene cloned from B, licheniformis 597 strain using pBS 42 vector was found to have a 3.2 kb insert.

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R-plasmids in staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus의 항생제 내성 plasmid에 관한 연구)

  • 변우현;김영선;조은희;권동현;이호주;홍순주
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.282-290
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    • 1985
  • Small size antibiotic resistance plasmids having molecular weights less than 10 Mdal were isolated and characterized from ten clinically isolated multiple resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Agarose gel electrophoresis profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns divided these strains into four groups. Strain 2-23-6, the representative strain of a group of five strains conferred two plasmids of molecular weights $1.6{\times}10^6\;dal\;and\;2.0{\times}10^6$ dal. The small plasmid (pSBK 112) specified macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin type B (MLS) resistance gene which are expressed constitutively. Lage plasmid (pSBK 125) specified chloramphenicol resistance gene which is inducible. Strain 10-5 conferred a $3.0{\times}10^6$ dal plasmid (pSBK 141) which carry an inducible ampicillin resistance gene and strain P-H-2 conferred and $1.6{\times}10^6$ dal plasmid (pSBK 190) which carry a constitutive MLS resistance gene. Strain D-H-1 conferred four plasmids of molecular weights $0.8{\times}10^6$ dal (pSBK 201), $1.6{\times}10^6$ dal (pSBK 202), $2.5{\times}10^6$ dal (pSBK 203), and $1.2{\times}10^7$ dal (pDBK 204), respectively. Among those four plasmids, only pSBK 203 specified chloramphenicol resistance gene. Curing of constitutive MLS resistance using acriding orange or ethidium bromide in 2-23-6 and P-H-2 strains produced 'inducible' MLS resistance strains which are less resistant to MLS than the wild type strains, suggesting that there are two resistance genes in both strains; one is constitutive and the other is inducible.

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Characteristics of the Resistance Phenotypes by Inducible Resistance Gene ermK and Its Terminator Region Mutants (MLS계 항생제에 대한 유도내성 유전자 ermK 및 그 돌연변이체의 유도내성 표현형)

  • Choi, Sung-Sook;Choi, Eung-Chil
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.533-537
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    • 1997
  • The characteristics of the resistance phenotypes of Bacillus subtilis having ermk and its terminator region mutants were determined. Wild type ermK(pEC101) and pECMT109(methylase SD-region mutant) showed typical inducible resistance phenotype. pECMF1(terminator1 region mutant) and pECMT2(terminator2 region mutant) showed constitutive resistance to Kitasamycin but inducible resistance to tylosin. In contrast, pECMT3(terminator1 and terminator2 double mutant) and pECMT309(terminator1, terminator2 and methylase SD region triple mutant) showed constitutive resistance both to kitasamycin and tylosin.

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Nucleotide Sequence and Properties of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Resistance Gene from Staphylococcus aureus DH1 (Staphylococcus aureus DH1에서 분리된 Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B 계열 항생물질에 대한 저항성 인자의 특성과 염기서열)

  • 권동현;박승문;윤권상;변우현
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 1990
  • Two macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) antibiotic resistance genes, one expressed inducibly and the other expressed constitutively were recognized from a single Staphylococcus aureus DH1 strain. The inducible MLS resistance gene was isolated and cloned from the R-plasmid pDE1(7.4kb) and the constitutive gene was from chromosomal DNA. Base sequence of the inducible MLS resistance gene (1.2kb) was determined and found as same that of pE194. The restriction map of the cloned constitutive MLS resistance gene was compared with that of the inducible gene. Two genes have same restriction map except leader region. In the constitutive gene there is no leader region which is doing major role in inducible expression.

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Cloning of Inducible MLS Antibiotics Resistance Genes and their Expression Control Mechanism - ermC-4, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance determinant on pMB4 from Staphylococcus aureus TR-1 (MLS계 항생물질 유도내성 유전자의 크로닝과 유전자의 발현조절 기전 - Staphylococus aureus TR-1균주의 프라스미드 pMB4에 존재하는 MLS 내성 유전자 ermC-4)

  • 김수환;최응칠;김병각;심미자
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.22-29
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    • 1991
  • pMB4 is a 2.4-kilobase plasmid of Staphylococcus aureus TR-1 that confers inducible resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B(MLS) antibiotics. By subcloning studies, it was found that the MLS resistance determinant was located at 1.0Kb fragment between Sau3AI and TaqI sites. DNA sequence of the MLS resistant determinant, named ermC-4 was determined, and found to be highly homologous with that of ermC. Because the leader peptide sequence of ermC-4 was identical with that of ermC, the expression of the resistance gene is thought to be controlled by posttranscriptional attenuation in S. aureus TR-1.

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Cloning of the MLS Antibiotics Inducible Resistance Gene and Its Control Mechanism -Inducible Resistance to MLS Antibiotics of pMB4 Plasmid Isolated from Streptococcus sp. TR-1- (MLS계 항생물질 유도 내성 유전자의 크로닝과 유전자의 조절기전 -Streptococcus sp. TR-1에서 분리한 pMB 4 Plasmid의 MLS계 항생물질 유도내성-)

  • Jeong, Soon-Hak;Kwak, Jin-Hwan;Kim, Hee-Sun;Shim, Mi-Ja;Choi, Eung-Chil;Kim, Byong-Kak
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 1990
  • Streptococcus sp. TR-1 which has inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics was isolated from soil samples in Korea. Streptococcus sp. TR-1 was cultured in Lysis broth, then a plasmid was isolated by modified Elliker method. Bacillus subtilis UOTO277 was transformed with that plasmid. This result showed that the plasmid has the gene relating with inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics. It was named pMB4 and its size was determined about 2.4 Kb by results of digestion with various restriction enzymes. Restriction endonuclease cleavage site map of pMB4 plasmid was made by double digestion of the plasmid. pMB4 plasmid has different restriction endonuclease site map from the other plasmids that have been discovered in Streptococcus sp. so far. And it could be identified that pMB4 plasmid does not have homology with ermK of Bacillus licheniformis EMR but has homology with ermC of Staphylococcus aureus from the results of Southern hybridization.

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