• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TENS on muscle pain induced by carrageenan. Muscle pain was induced in male Sprague-Dowley rats by intra-muscular injection of gastrocnemius with $3\%$ carrageenan. nNOS was measured to assess the effect of TENS on muscle pain induced by Carrageenan. The lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was removed in different groups of animals 24 h after induction of muscle pain. The level of nNOS mRNA was measured in the lumbar section of the spinal cord using RT-PCT. The expression of nNOS was analyzed in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. TENS decreased nNOS immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord when compared with controls(p<.05). In RT-PCR, TENS decreased nNOS mRNA level of lumbar spinal cord when compared with controls(p<.05). These results suggested that application of TENS attributed to decrease muscle pain.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.291-302
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• 1998

Four out of 15 dogs were successfully induced diabetes mellitus with intravenous iqiection of 30 mg of streptozotgin and 50 mg of alloxan monohydrate per kilogram body weight and maintained more than 9 weeks without iqiection of insulin or oral hypoglycemic sgent Histopathologicallyi these four dogs have typical diabetic lesions such as degeneration and vacuolation of pancreatic islet cells, and fatty change of liver at necropsy in the end of study. Serum glucose level increased dramatically at 24 hours post-injection but serum fructosamine level increased gradually and reached plateau at 31-41 days post-injection of streptozotocin and alloxan. Serum fructosamine concert%lion correlated very well with serum glucose concentration of preceding 4-7 weeks in experimentally induced diabetic dogs. Our data suggest that serum fructosamine reflects mean glucose concentration of preceding 4-7 weeks in experimentally induced diabetic dogs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to examine the roles of selenium in arsenic- and chromium-induced oxidative stress, which results in chromosomal damage, such as sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosomal aberration (CA). For this purpose, the frequency of CA and SCE related to the level of 0xidative stress were analyzed. Selenium decreased the frequency of CA induced by As. In order to evaluate the effect of selenium on clastogenic factors, media from As- and Cr-treated cells were ultrafiltered and added again to cells in the presence or absence of selenium. Selenium decreased the frequency of SCE by As and Cr. This observation indicates the possibility of presence of clastogenic factor. In addition, the clastogenic factor would be involed in oxidative stress since selenium decreased the level of oxidative stress. Thus, it is suggested that selenium may play a role as an anti-clastogenic effector by preventing the oxidative stress, thereby decreasing the frequency of Asand Cr-induced chromosomal damage.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2013

In the present study, the effect of intrathecal (i.t.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration with cholera toxin (CTX) on the blood glucose level was examined in ICR mice. The i.t. treatment with CTX alone for 24 h dose-dependently increased the blood glucose level. However, i.c.v. treatment with CTX for 24 h did not affect the blood glucose level. When mice were orally fed with D-glucose (2 g/kg), the blood glucose level reached to a maximum level at 30 min and almost returned to the control level at 120 min after D-glucose feeding. I.c.v. pretreatment with CTX increased the blood glucose level in a potentiative manner, whereas i.t. pretreatment with CTX increased the blood glucose level in an additive manner in a D-glucose fed group. In addition, the blood glucose level was increased in formalin-induced pain animal model. I.c.v. pretreatment with CTX enhanced the blood glucose level in a potentiative manner in formalin-induced pain animal model. On the other hand, i.t. pretreatment with CTX increased the blood glucose level in an additive manner in formalin-induced pain animal model. Our results suggest that CTX administered supraspinally or spinally differentially modulates the regulation of the blood glucose level in D-glucose fed model as well as in formalin-induced pain model.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.227-230
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• 2007

In this paper, we have analyzed the change characteristics of induced noise due to the impedance change of the ground in both ends of telecommunication line. As what affects the induced noise, there are power influence or longitudinal transverse voltages and its weighted filtered voltage. In the result of measurement, we can see the noise level change due to the change of the ground impedance, that is, as the ground impedance at either end of the telecommunication line become grower, the noise level is increased, and as the ground impedance at either end of the telecommunication line become smaller, the noise level is decreased. However, we can't define the relation between ground impedance size and PIF in these measurement results, so we will have to carry out the measurement more deeply and more practically with various conditions in environmental viewpoint and/or experimental viewpoint to establish the definition between ground impedance size and PIF.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2007

Elevated blood levels of homocysteine (a sulfur-containing amino acid) have been linked to increased risk of cerebrovascular disease including Alzheimer's disease. A recent study suggests that elevated homocysteine levels may lead to replicative senescence in vitro called 'permanent arrest of cell cycle' caused by oxidative stress. In this study, serum homocysteine level in rat was reduced by Lentinus edodes-powder diet, resulting in the reduced level of oxidative stress in rat brain. In addition, homocysteine-induced replicative senescence treated with or without Lentinus edodes-powder was analyzed by population doubling in vitro. The Lentinus edodes-powder induced a increased number of population doubling in primary neuron cell isolated from rat-cerebral cortex. This indicates that Lentinus edodes-powder would delay a homocysteine-induced aging of neuron cells in brain, showing a possible role in preventing cerebrovascular diseases including Alzheimer's disease.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2015

Growing evidence suggests that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in various pain states. This study was performed to investigate whether ROS-induced changes in neuronal excitability in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis are related to ROS generation in mitochondria. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to measure ROS-induced fluorescence intensity in live rat trigeminal caudalis slices. The ROS level increased during the perfusion of malate, a mitochondrial substrate, after loading of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate ($H_2DCF-DA$), an indicator of the intracellular ROS; the ROS level recovered to the control condition after washout. When pre-treated with phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidene-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), malate-induced increase of ROS level was suppressed. To identify the direct relation between elevated ROS levels and mitochondria, we applied the malate after double-loading of $H_2DCF-DA$ and chloromethyl-X-rosamine (CMXRos; MitoTracker Red), which is a mitochondria-specific fluorescent probe. As a result, increase of both intracellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS were observed simultaneously. This study demonstrated that elevated ROS in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neuron can be induced through mitochondrial-ROS pathway, primarily by the leakage of ROS from the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2021

Opuntia ficus-indica has traditionally been used in prevention and treatment of various diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The current study was performed to determine whether Opuntia ficus-indica is associated with diabetes. Diabetic rat models were induced with streptozotocin (STZ). This study divided rats into 1 day (short-term) and 4 consecutive weeks (long-terms) of daily administration. These groups were subdivided into four groups each other for assessment of blood glucose level as follows: Group 1, untreated rats given distilled water; Group 2, untreated rats given Opuntia ficus-indica; Group 3, STZ-induced diabetic rats given distilled water; Group 4, STZ-induced diabetic rats given Opuntia ficus-indica. Blood glucose level was measured for one day and four weeks. In addition, serum markers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), cholesterol, and creatinine were determined, and total protein triglycerides were measured at four weeks. Blood glucose level was highest in both groups (Group 3 and Group 4) at 30 minutes and two weeks and gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner. The difference in blood glucose among the four groups was significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of ALT, AST and triglycerides were significantly decreased by Opuntia ficus-indica.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2024

The effectiveness of conventional tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) in controlling the wind-induced response of tall flexible structures has been indicated. However, the impaired control effect in the detuning condition or a considerably high mass cost of liquid may be incurred in ensuring the high-level serviceability. To provide an efficient TLD-based solution for wind-induced vibration control, this study proposes a serviceability-oriented optimal design method for isolated TLDs (ILDs) and derives analytical design formulae. The ILD is implemented by mounting the TLD on the linear isolators. Stochastic response analysis is performed for the ILD-equipped structure subjected to stochastic wind and white noise, and the results are considered to derive the closed-form responses. Correspondingly, an extensive parametric analysis is conducted to clarify a serviceability-oriented optimal design framework by incorporating the comfort demand. The obtained results show that the high-level serviceability demand can be satisfied by the ILD based on the proposed optimal design framework. Analytical design formulae can be preliminarily adopted to ensure the target serviceability demand while enhancing the structural displacement performance to increase the safety level. Compared with conventional TLD systems, the ILD exhibits higher effectiveness and a larger frequency bandwidth for wind-induced vibration control at a small mass ratio.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1307-1313
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• 2024

This study investigates whether red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) bark extract (PBE) can alleviate diabetes and abnormal apoptosis signaling pathways in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Two dosages of PBE (15 and 30 mg/kg of body weight/day) were administered orally to STZ-induced diabetic SD rats for 20 days. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured once per week. After 20 days of oral administration of PBE, the rat hippocampus was collected, and the production of Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, tau, p-tau, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins were determined by western blot analysis. A decrease in blood glucose level and recovery of body weight were observed in PBE-treated diabetic rats. In the Akt/GSK-3β/tau signaling pathway, PBE inhibited diabetes-induced Akt inactivation, GSK-3β inactivation, and tau hyperphosphorylation. The protein production ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was restored to the control group level. These results suggest that PBE, rich in phenolic compounds, can be used as a functional food ingredient to ameliorate neuronal apoptosis in diabetes mellitus.