• 제목/요약/키워드: individuals learn

검색결과 70건 처리시간 0.028초

관람자 체험을 고려한 메모리얼의 공간 표현 특성 연구 (A Study on the Characteristics of Spatial Representation of Memorials Considering Participants' Experience)

  • 문은미
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.372-380
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    • 2012
  • This study investigates the examples of memorials in which participants can communicate and interact. Memorials as an urban public space provide various information and experiences to the visitors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of participants' experience and the characteristics of memorial space. The 9 examples of the memorials are selected and analyzed by the experience type of participants. This study summarizes the characteristics of spatial representation of memorials as follow; first, the interactions and communications of participants are main considerations in designing memorials. This study defines three types of participants' experience in memorials as educational, emotional and daily urban experiences. Second, the memorial space providing educational experience has narrative characteristics which are explanatory, representational, hierarchical and figurative. Memorials represent historical events and individuals in figurative ways. Participants in memorials learn the event, mourn for the dead and cure the grief through walking the guided route. Third, the memorial space providing emotional experience is indeterminate and open-ended characteristics which are contemplative, symbolic, and abstractive. While participants try to find the way to walk through and understand the meaning of the abstract forms by themselves, they interface the event and the victims in private and individual ways. Fourth, the memorial space providing daily urban experience is the familiar urban facilities embedded remembrance such as memorial square, bridge and fountain. Symbolism of memorials and effectiveness of urban facilities are engaged into the memorial design. They have functional, participatory, interactive and recreational characteristics. People experience the memorials involuntarily and casually during their daily lives. The memorials with urban facilities can be related to the present and the future of the city as well as the past of the city.

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괴물의 언어: 다문화시대의 프랑켄슈타인과 드라큘라 (The Language of Monsters: Frankenstein and Dracula in Multiculturalism)

  • 정순국
    • 영미문화
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.251-285
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    • 2014
  • Monsters cannot speak. They have been objectified and represented through a particular concept 'monstrosity' that renders the presence of monsters effectively simplified and nullified. In contemporary monster narratives, however, the site of monsters reveals that they could be the complex construction of society, culture, language and ideology. As going into the structure that concept is based on, therefore, meanings of monsters would be seen to be highly unstable. When symbolic language strives to match monsters with a unified concept, their meanings become only further deferred rather than valorized. This shows the language of monsters should disclose the self-contradiction inherent in 'monstrosity,' which has made others—namely beings we define as 'different' from ourselves in culture or physical appearance—embodied as abject and horrifying monsters. Unable to be understood, accepted, or called humans. I analyse Frankenstein and Dracula that firmly converge monstrous bodies into a symbolic meaning, demonstrating how this fusion causes problems in the multicultural society. I especially emphasize the undeniable affirmation of expurgated others we need to have empathetic relations with, because their difference, unfamiliarity, and slight divergences are likely to be defined as abnormalities. In the multicultural society, thus, we must learn to embrace diversity, while also having to recognize there are many others that have been thought of as monsters; ironically enabling us to think about an undeniable imperative of being responsive to other people. In this respect, the monstrous inhuman goes to the heart of the ethical undercurrent of multiculturalism, its resolute attempt to recognize and respect someone else's difference from me. A focus on empathetic relations with others, thus, can strengthen the process of creating social mechanisms that do justice to the competing claims of different cultural groups and individuals.

농촌여성노인의 여가체험 (Leisure Activities Experienced by Old Women in Farm)

  • 강현임
    • 한국노년학
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.1377-1392
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 농촌여성노인들이 체험하는 여가생활의 의미와 본질이 무엇인지 이해하고, 그들의 삶의 과정에 있어서 여가생활이 어떤 영향과 의미를 주는지 밝혀내어 건강과 관련된 간호중재 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구방법은 질적연구방법으로 van Manen의 해석학적 현상학적 분석방법을 사용하였다. 그 결과 농촌여성노인이 체험하는 여가생활은 '어울림을 통해 외로움 극복하기', '몸을 활용해 심신(心身)의 조화 이루기', '내 힘으로 자식(子息)의 짐 덜어주기', '무료한 세월보내기', '소소한 즐거움 찾기', '새로운 것을 익히며 뿌듯함 얻기', '세상과 소통하며 살아가기' 등의 7개의 본질적 주제를 도출하였다. 농촌여성노인이 체험하는 여가생활은 자연과 동화되면서, 건강과 사회관계를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 농촌의 사회·경제적 특성으로 인한 외로움과 소외감 등을 연배노인들과 어울리며, 이를 극복하기 위한 시간임을 확인할 수 있었다.

광주지역 중학생의 식품표시에 대한 인식 및 이용실태 (Perception and Utilization of Food Labeling System of Middle School Students in Gwangju)

  • 김윤지;전은례;유맹자;정난희
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.796-806
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 2009년 9월 7일부터 9월 19일 사이에 광주광역시 소재 중학교 남학생과 여학생 420명을 대상으로 중학생의 식생활태도와 영양지식의 수준별 식품표시에 대한 인식과 이용실태의 차이점을 알아보았다. 첫째, 중학생의 식생활 태도는 총 75점 만점에 평균 49.47점으로 양호한 편이었다. 성별 식생활태도는 남학생 49.78점, 여학생 49.13점으로 남학생과 여학생 간의 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 학년별 식생활태도는 1학년이 50.68점, 2학년 49.49점, 3학년 48.10점으로 1학년의 식생활태도가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 둘째, 중학생의 영양지식 정도는 총 15점 만점에 평균 10.88점으로 나타나 양호한 편이었다. 성별 영양지식의 평균은 남학생 10.65점, 여학생 11.15점으로 여학생이 남학생보다 영양지식의 수준이 높았다(p<0.01). 또한 학년별 영양지식의 평균은 1학년이 10.98점, 2학년은 10.65점, 3학년은 11.03점으로 3학년의 영양지식이 가장 높았다. 셋째, 중학생의 식품표시 확인 여부는 '확인한다'가 62.9%로 나타났다. 식품표시는 남학생보다는 여학생이 더 확인하였고, 학년별로는 2, 3학년에 비해 1학년이 더 확인하는 편이었다. 또한 식생활태도가 좋은 그룹이 유의한 차이(p<0.001)를 보이며 식품표시를 더 많이 확인하였으며, 영양지식 점수가 높은 그룹이 식품표시를 더 확인하였다. 식품표시를 확인한다고 답한 대상자들 중 가장 먼저 확인하는 식품표시 내용은 유통기한이 54.9%로 가장 많았고 제품명, 가격 순이었다. 식품표시를 확인하는 이유 역시 유통기한(제조일자)을 확인하기 위해서가 61.6%로 가장 많았고 영양성분의 정보를 얻기 위해, 보관 시 주의할 점을 알아보려고, 가격이나 중량 등을 비교하려고 순이었다. 식품표시를 확인하지 않는 이유는 아무 생각 없이 습관적으로 구매하는 편이 43.8%로 가장 많았고, 식품표시에 관심이 없기 때문 30.9%, 식품표시 내용을 이해하기 어렵기 때문이 17.3% 순으로 나타났다. 식품표시에 대한 만족도는 총점 30점 만점 중 16.20점으로 중간 정도였다. 식생활태도가 좋은 그룹은 17.54점, 중간 그룹은 16.32점, 나쁜 그룹 14.86점으로 만족 정도에 있어 그룹 간 유의한 차이(p<0.001)가 나타났다. 즉, 식생활태도가 좋은 집단의 식품 표시에 대한 만족도가 높았다. 영양지식 수준별 그룹의 만족 정도는 높은 그룹이 15.79점, 중간 그룹 16.08점, 낮은 그룹 17.08점으로 영양지식 수준이 낮은 그룹의 만족도가 영양지식 수준이 높은 그룹에 비해 높았다. 넷째, 식품과 영양표시의 내용에 대한 이해도는 총 7점 만점에 4.71점으로 높은 편이었다. 식생활태도로 분류한 그룹별 식품과 영양표시의 내용에 대한 이해도는 중간 그룹의 실제 이해도가 가장 높았고 오히려 좋은 그룹의 이해도는 세 그룹 중 가장 낮았다. 영양지식 수준으로 분류한 그룹별 식품과 영양표시의 내용에 대한 이해 정도는 영양지식 수준이 높은 집단이 높았다. 이러한 결과 중학생의 식생활태도와 영양지식 수준은 양호한 것을 알 수 있었다. 식생활태도와 영양지식 수준이 높은 집단의 식품표시에 관한 인식이 높고 식품표시를 확인하는 비율 역시 높음을 알 수 있었으나 실제로 식품과 영양표시를 이해하는 정도는 그보다 낮았다. 따라서 중학생들이 식품표시를 확인하고 구입할 수 있도록 실천위주의 교육이 필요하고, 식품표시 형식 또한 쉽게 이해할 수 있고 눈에 잘 띄는 표시기준과 표시방법을 마련하고 믿을 수 있는 식품영양표시제의 정착을 위해 정부나 관련기관, 기업, 학교의 노력이 필요하다 하겠다.

소셜 미디어에서 정보공유를 위한 애착의 매개역할: 사회적 자본이론 관점 (Mediating Roles of Attachment for Information Sharing in Social Media: Social Capital Theory Perspective)

  • 정남호;한희정;구철모
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.101-123
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    • 2012
  • Currently, Social Media, it has widely a renown keyword and its related social trends and businesses have been fastly applied into various contexts. Social media has become an important research area for scholars interested in online technologies and cyber space and their social impacts. Social media is not only including web-based services but also mobile-based application services that allow people to share various style information and knowledge through online connection. Social media users have tendency to common identity- and bond-attachment through interactions such as 'thumbs up', 'reply note', 'forwarding', which may have driven from various factors and may result in delivering information, sharing knowledge, and specific experiences et al. Even further, almost of all social media sites provide and connect unknown strangers depending on shared interests, political views, or enjoyable activities, and other stuffs incorporating the creation of contents, which provides benefits to users. As fast developing digital devices including smartphone, tablet PC, internet based blogging, and photo and video clips, scholars desperately have began to study regarding diverse issues connecting human beings' motivations and the behavioral results which may be articulated by the format of antecedents as well as consequences related to contents that people create via social media. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or Cyworld users are more and more getting close each other and build up their relationships by a different style. In this sense, people use social media as tools for maintain pre-existing network, creating new people socially, and at the same time, explicitly find some business opportunities using personal and unlimited public networks. In terms of theory in explaining this phenomenon, social capital is a concept that describes the benefits one receives from one's relationship with others. Thereby, social media use is closely related to the form and connected of people, which is a bridge that can be able to achieve informational benefits of a heterogeneous network of people and common identity- and bonding-attachment which emphasizes emotional benefits from community members or friend group. Social capital would be resources accumulated through the relationships among people, which can be considered as an investment in social relations with expected returns and may achieve benefits from the greater access to and use of resources embedded in social networks. Social media using for their social capital has vastly been adopted in a cyber world, however, there has been little explaining the phenomenon theoretically how people may take advantages or opportunities through interaction among people, why people may interactively give willingness to help or their answers. The individual consciously express themselves in an online space, so called, common identity- or bonding-attachments. Common-identity attachment is the focus of the weak ties, which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support, whereas common-bonding attachment is explained that between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationship such as family and close friends. The common identify- and bonding-attachment are mainly studying on-offline setting, which individual convey an impression to others that are expressed to own interest to others. Thus, individuals expect to meet other people and are trying to behave self-presentation engaging in opposite partners accordingly. As developing social media, individuals are motivated to disclose self-disclosures of open and honest using diverse cues such as verbal and nonverbal and pictorial and video files to their friends as well as passing strangers. Social media context, common identity- and bond-attachment for self-presentation seems different compared with face-to-face context. In the realm of social media, social users look for self-impression by posting text messages, pictures, video files. Under the digital environments, people interact to work, shop, learn, entertain, and be played. Social media provides increasingly the kinds of intention and behavior in online. Typically, identity and bond social capital through self-presentation is the intentional and tangible component of identity. At social media, people try to engage in others via a desired impression, which can maintain through performing coherent and complementary communications including displaying signs, symbols, brands made of digital stuffs(information, interest, pictures, etc,). In marketing area, consumers traditionally show common-identity as they select clothes, hairstyles, automobiles, logos, and so on, to impress others in any given context in a shopping mall or opera. To examine these social capital and attachment, we combined a social capital theory with an attachment theory into our research model. Our research model focuses on the common identity- and bond-attachment how they are formulated through social capitals: cognitive capital, structural capital, relational capital, and individual characteristics. Thus, we examined that individual online kindness, self-rated expertise, and social relation influence to build common identity- and bond-attachment, and the attachment effects make an impact on both the willingness to help, however, common bond seems not to show directly impact on information sharing. As a result, we discover that the social capital and attachment theories are mainly applicable to the context of social media and usage in the individual networks. We collected sample data of 256 who are using social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Cyworld and analyzed the suggested hypotheses through the Structural Equation Model by AMOS. This study analyzes the direct and indirect relationship between the social network service usage and outcomes. Antecedents of kindness, confidence of knowledge, social relations are significantly affected to the mediators common identity-and bond attachments, however, interestingly, network externality does not impact, which we assumed that a size of network was a negative because group members would not significantly contribute if the members do not intend to actively interact with each other. The mediating variables had a positive effect on toward willingness to help. Further, common identity attachment has stronger significant on shared information.

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Worksite Marketing 상품과 언더라이팅 기법 (Underwriting Method of Worksite Marketing Product)

  • 김청년;정성완
    • 보험의학회지
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    • 제24권
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    • pp.97-117
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    • 2005
  • Internally Korean insurance market is that whole life products' growth are becoming slowdown that's why new insurance products have appeared on the market in consideration of consumer's needs recently. Externally domestic insurance market competitions has drifted from insurance industry to whole financial industry since bankasurance started. Life insurance companies should open up a new market to survive from severe competitions. Worksite marketing can be an alternative. An insurer make arrangements with an employer about an insurance terms which an insurer offers in Worksite marketing. Then eligible individuals enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage through payroll deductions. An employer doesn't need to pay extra money for additional benefit but can raise employee's loyalty and satisfaction of company through worksite marketing. An employee can be covered at discounted premium rate and less strict underwriting guidelines to an insurer compared to individual insurance. In developed countries specially U.S insurance market, Worksite marketing is getting very popular and growing rapidly due to the advantages. Worksite marketing has both individual insurance characters and group insurance characters. Individual insurance characters are that employees enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage. Group insurance characters are that actively at work and participation etc. An insurer have to reflect these two characters on Worksite marketing when an insurance company work out a plan for developing products and underwriting guidelines. When an insurer devise worksite products, one should consider participation level which means percentage of eligible employees participating. Participation is related to anti-selection. As we know underwriting is essential for every kind of insurance, especially underwriting plays major role in worksite marketing. We can see that in the below. Firstly, it has a function in calculation of premium rate. When calculate premium rate for worksite products underwriters have to estimate expected participation level and risk factors. So underwriters and acturies keep in close contact with each other. Secondly, underwriting methods are important. When an insurer underwrite worksite products, there are three kinds of underwriting methods. These are Simplified issue underwriting, Full underwriting and Guaranteed issue underwriting. Simplified issue underwriting typically requires no medical examination, but usually requires supplying satisfactory answers to one or several health and/or lifestyle questions. Full underwriting requires a complete medical history questionnaire that may further require an exam. Guaranteed issue underwriting means that coverage is issued without the employee having to provide evidence of insurability. When insurer set the GI limit are usually based on the type of industry, number of eligible employees, the average amount of coverage and participation level. In addition to insurer should have a clear definition of eligible employee on the insurance provision and application form. It will minimize possibility of trouble claims and anti-selection. An insurer also establish preexisting condition exclusion and special guidelines for late entrants. When an insurer introduce Worksite marketing to Korean insurance market, an insurer has to examine market research to analyze potential market and strategy of sales most of all. Also an insurer should review real situation of the U.S, England and Japanese market etc. There are a lot of new technologies about worksite marketing process that an insurer should learn. When an insurer consider many things which we explained it can be a real alternative.

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2015 개정 교육과정 중학교 기술·가정 교과서 '인간발달과 가족' 영역에 반영된 다문화교육 내용 분석 (Analysis of Multi-Cultural Education Contents of 'Human Development and Family' Area of Middle School Technology-Home Economics Textbooks in Accordance with the 2015 Revised Curriculum)

  • 이성민;유난숙
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.79-94
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 교육과정 중학교 기술·가정교과서의 '인간발달과 가족' 영역에서 다문화교육 내용이 어떻게 반영되고 있는지 분석개념별로 분석하는 데 있으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2015 개정교육과정 중학교 기술·가정교과서 5종(총 10권)에 실린 다문화교육 내용을 종합해 보면, 정체성, 다양성, 평등성, 협력 등 다문화교육 분석개념 4가지를 모두 반영하고 있었다. 가장 높은 빈도를 보이는 것은 협력이며, 그 다음이 정체성, 다양성의 순서였고, 평등성에 대한 내용은 가장 낮은 빈도를 나타내고 있었다. 둘째, 2015 개정교육과정 중학교 기술·가정교과서 5종(총 10권)에 실린 다문화교육 내용을 구체적으로 살펴보면 자아 및 정체성을 형성하고, 다양한 관점에서 가족의 변화를 이해하고 다양한 가족의 형태를 존중하고 수용하며, 편견 없는 양성 평등한 관점에서 가족 공동체 문화를 형성하여 궁극적으로 개인과 가정이 서로 협력하고 배려하면서 모두가 공존할 수 있는 내용을 배울 수 있도록 다문화교육 내용이 본문, 시각자료, 학습활동에 포함되어 있었다. 따라서 가정교과는 다문화 청소년의 삶과 연계된 내용을 중심으로 실천적 문제를 해결할 수 있도록 실천적 추론을 할 수 있는 내용 구성으로 이루어져 보다 성숙한 다문화교육 문화에 중추적인 역할을 기여해야 한다.

포럼 품질이 만족도에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증분석: 포럼 참가자 특성 및 기대감의 조절효과를 중심으로 (An Empirical Analysis on How Participants' Characteristics and Forum Quality Influence their Expectation and Satisfaction in Social Learning Forum)

  • 최은수;김은희;김철원
    • 지식경영연구
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.83-116
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze empirically analyze how the characteristics of participants in educational and social learning forums and the quality of events influence expectations and satisfaction of forums. The study also aims to provide strategic implications for forum organizers and give them suggestions on how to set up target audience, manage forum contents, speakers, and services, improve attendee satisfaction, and ultimately maximize overall outcomes. As exchanges among individuals, enterprises, and organizations, as well as countries are growing rapidly, the convention industry has become a key player in the market. Conventions have also become a venue for people to discuss a specific agenda or topic, exchange information and learn knowledge and insights. Especially, the forum - as part of the convention industry - plays a vital role providing educational and social learning opportunities as scholars and expertise come together to share their knowledge and experience through a variety of discussions. With its role, many of forums are taking place in recent years; however, there have been few empirical studies upon the forum itself. Also, there have been few attempts to research how the quality of forums affect participants' satisfaction along with their characteristics and how much of practical knowledge is provided throughout the events. This study is meaningful in that it is the first practical study that takes a deep understanding of the forum and sees how the quality of the forums influences participants' satisfaction and whether the characteristics of participants have a moderating effect in increasing the level of satisfaction. Forum organizers could also take a strategic approach as their major concerns are to increase the number of participants and raise degree of satisfaction by providing significant information. There are four key elements that determine success or failure of a social learning forum. The four elements are contents, speakers, services, and participants. Content plays an important role in providing rich information and knowledge for participants. Speakers are the main knowledge providers who contribute to the forum's social learning role. Also, the services provided by forum organizers such as simultaneous interpretation services, program brochures, lunch and refreshments, and the overall design of event hall can also influence the level of participants' satisfaction. Lastly, the participants and their characteristics are important since they are the ones who receive knowledge from the providers. The results of this study show that the quality of forum (content, speaker, and services) has a decisive effect on the participants' satisfaction and there are some differences in expectation among the participants in the forum. Also, some groups of participants were more likely to be stimulated by the quality of forum when determining their satisfaction. The study is modeled after MBN Y Forum 2016 and its participants' characteristics. The forum is one of the most representative social learning forums of South Korea and its audiences are mostly young people. It has analyzed how the participants' characteristics influence their satisfaction by grouping them into ${\Delta}participants$ who have invited for free and those who paid for the entrance fee, ${\Delta}first-time$ participants and returning participants, ${\Delta}voluntary$ and involuntary participants, ${\Delta}participants$ who registered through web and those who did through mobile, and ${\Delta}participants$ who registered during pre-sale opens and those who registered during general opens.

일상생활 계획을 위한 스마트폰-사용자 상호작용 기반 지속 발전 가능한 사용자 맞춤 위치-시간-행동 추론 방법 (Smartphone-User Interactive based Self Developing Place-Time-Activity Coupled Prediction Method for Daily Routine Planning System)

  • 이범진;김지섭;류제환;허민오;김주석;장병탁
    • 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.154-159
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    • 2015
  • 과거 어플리케이션 다양성만 지향하던 사용자의 수요가 최근 스마트폰의 고도화된 센서와 기계학습이 결합된 지능형 어플리케이션으로의 선호로 전향되고 있다. 이러한 경향을 반영하여 본 논문에서는 스마트폰에 축적된 사용자의 라이프로깅 데이터에서 의미있는 정보를 추출하고, 추출한 정보를 통해 사용자의 인지적 행동을 대신 가능한 인지 에이전트(Cognitive Agent)개념의 스마트폰-사용자 상호작용 사용자 맞춤 위치-시간-행동 추론 기법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 사용자의 라이프로깅데이터를 DPGMM (Dirichlet Process Gaussian Mixture Model) 클러스터링 기법으로 사용자 주요 관심지역 POI(Point of Interest)를 자동으로 추출하고, 평생학습이 가능한 강화학습의 한 종류인 POMDP(Partially Observable Markov Decision Process)를 사용하여 사용자의 위치-시간-행동을 추론 한다. 제안 방법으로 구현한 사용자 맞춤 일과 계획 시스템의 시간별 사용자 일과 추론 결과는 70%이상의 성능을 보였으며, 하루 일과 계획 지능형 서비스의 새로운 방향을 제시하고 있다.

자조그룹에 대한 개념 분석 (Concept Analysis of Self-help Groups)

  • 이은남;엄애용;은영;조경숙;이경숙;송라윤;김종임;신계영;임난영;이명숙;박원숙;오두남;최미경;최희권
    • 근관절건강학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the attributes of self-help groups, their antecedents and consequences relating to self-help groups. Methods: We used the Walker and Avant (2010) method using the key word "self-help groups" the Korea Education and Research Information Service (www.riss4u.net), Pubmed, CINAHL and ProQuest for articles on this topic published between January 2000 and March 2013 were searched. Ultimately, 64 domestic and 21 foreign papers were selected for in-depth analysis. Results: The attributes of self-help groups are as follows: 1) members share common experiences and are supportive of each other; 2) members set goals for individual change; 3) groups are self-monitoring; 4) groups learn problem-solving processes through voluntary and active participation; and 5) groups are small and meet regularly. The antecedents of self-help groups are as follows: 1) an intervention by an expert; 2) a diagnosis of their illness; 3) motivation to change individuals' state; and 4) educational desire. The consequences of self-help groups are the relief of symptoms, the improvement of physiological parameters and quality of life, the decrease in depression, stress, and anxiety, the improvement of illness-related knowledge and self-help activity, and a change in beliefs. Conclusion: Self-help groups can be used as an intervention strategy to help people with chronic illness manage their own problems.