• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.267-274
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of surface treatments on bond strength of indirect composite material (Tescera Indirect Composite System) to monolithic zirconia (inCoris TZI). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Partially stabilized monolithic zirconia blocks were cut into with 2.0 mm thickness. Sintered zirconia specimens were divided into different surface treatment groups: no treatment (control), sandblasting, glaze layer & hydrofluoric acid application, and sandblasting + glaze layer & hydrofluoric acid application. The indirect composite material was applied to the surface of the monolithic zirconia specimens. Shear bond strength value of each specimen was evaluated after thermocycling. The fractured surface of each specimen was examined with a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope to assess the failure types. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey LSD tests (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Bond strength was significantly lower in untreated specimens than in sandblasted specimens (P<.05). No difference between the glaze layer and hydrofluoric acid application treated groups were observed. However, bond strength for these groups were significantly higher as compared with the other two groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Combined use of glaze layer & hydrofluoric acid application and silanization are reliable for strong and durable bonding between indirect composite material and monolithic zirconia.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 1997

Learning control refers to controllers that learn to improve their performance at executing a given task, based on experience performing this specific task. In a previous work, the authors presented a theory of indirect decentralized learning control based on use of indirect adaptive control concepts employing simultaneous identification and control. This paper extends these results to apply to the indirect repetitive control problem in which a periodic (i.e., repetitive) command is given to a control system. Decentralized indirect repetitive control algorithms are presented that have guaranteed convergence to zero tracking error under very general conditions. The original motivation of the repetitive control and learning control fields was learning in robots doing repetitive tasks such as on an assembly line. This paper starts with decentralized discrete time systems, and progresses to the robot application, modeling the robot as a time varying linear system in the neighborhood of the desired trajectory. Decentralized repetitive control is natural for this application because the feedback control for link rotations is normally implemented in a decentralized manner, treating each link as if it is independent of the other links.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.37 no.7 s.362
• /
• pp.530-535
• /
• 1999

Detailed finishing of the occlusion is a clinical skill that has become difficult with the development of fixed appliances. Accuracy of bracket placement definitely improves with indirect technique, Several methods for the placement of orthodontic brackets on dental casts are currently used in the indirect bonding technique. These include attachment by means of bonding resins, adhesive tapes or sticky wax. This article presents the indirect procedures of our clinic, which use paste-paste chemically cured composites. Detailed laboratory and clinical procedure for dual tray method and other application of indirect bonding will be presented.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2014

The main purpose of this study intends to study the theoretical interconnection between human response capability and customer relationship management advantage while considering the essential role of service application of information technology as direct, indirect (mediating), and interactive (moderating) influences in the theory. Based on the study sample, the new findings help comprehend the overall interconnected relationship which includes the direct and indirect (mediating) effects of information technology service capability and human response capability as well as their interaction (moderation) on customer relationship management advantage. The new insights interprets the two capabilities (human and information technology) are vital to business because they are the foundation set of service resources significantly to enhance customer relationship management advantage.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 1994.05a
• /
• pp.89-92
• /
• 1994

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.50 no.7
• /
• pp.368-376
• /
• 2012

The demand for tooth-colored restorations has grown considerably during the last decade. Posterior composite restorations have risen in popularity as a result of the development of improved resin composites, bonding systems and operating techniques. A major limitation of direct composite restoration is the difficulty of controlling the polymerization shrinkage. To overcome this limitation, the indirect fabrication of a composite restoration and cementation with resin cement has been advocated. Unfortunately, the current available resin cements with indirect restorations do not always bond to dentin as strongly as dentin adhesive systems bond with direct resin composite restorations. Several procedural strategies have been proposed for indirect composite restoration. In this regard, the rationale for the indication, characteristics and clinical application is described in this paper. As a result, we will try to suggest the evidence-based guidelines for indirect composite restorations by reviewing each available indirect composite products, technical procedure and pronosis.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 1987

Gravity measurements at sea are considered to be made on the geoid. The free-air anomalies are then determined by subtracting the theoretical gravity values predicted on a reference ellipsoid from the observed values. The gravity effect due to the height difference between the geoid and reference ellipsoid and the mass between them is known as the 'indirect effect'. The result of applying the indirect effect to surface ship derived gravity anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean demonstrates the importance of its inclusion for regional stuedies involving mantle processes.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.53-70
• /
• 2019

This study analyzed some cases of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commision (CIETAC) related to the application of the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). As a contracting party of the CISG, China has accumulated a considerable amount of experience in applying CISG through commercial arbitrations. This study sought to understand how CISG is operated in commercial arbitration in China. By analyzing actual cases in China, Korean commercial arbitration can avoid mistakes and further improve. This study of Chinese cases will give some useful information for Korean companies. As defined by the CISG, the applicability can be divided into direct application and indirect application. When China joined the CISG, it made a reservation out of Article 1(1)(b). Korea and China are contracting parties to CISG and CISG is, therefore, directly applied. It is beneficial for Korea to understand how CIETAC is indirectly applied in China then. Some of the results of this study are as follows: First, CIETAC made a correct judgment most of the time on the direct application of CISG. However, there were mistakes in the judgment of the nationality of the parties in a few cases. The parties must clearly define applicable laws when entering into a contract. Secondly, the 2012 "CIETAC Arbitration Rules" was revised so that the "party autonomy" was introduced into Chinese commercial arbitration concerning indirect application. Therefore, the principle of autonomy of the parties was not fully recognized in the past judgments. Instead, the domestic law of China was applied in accordance with the reservation of Article 1(1)(b). Thirdly, China did not explain the application of CISG in Hong Kong, which led to ambiguity in concerned countries. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the status of CISG in Hong Kong. In addition, Korean companies should clearly define the applicable laws when dealing with Hong Kong companies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2016

Among the method of aerial fire firefighting, the indirect attack is efficiency way to protect main facilities and it is the aerial fire line construction. According to this study is suggested the fire line construction strategy of indirect attack by helicopter suitable Korea forest fire on theory consideration of indirect attack and experience in practical scene. This study defined that main key points of the fire line construction are accuracy, large quantity, and quickness. Main protection facilities are devided as caution area, warning area, danger area and concern area. Also, it suggested stage-by-stsge from 1 step to 3 step for the aerial fire firefighting correspondence strategy and the fire line construction model. I regard that this study's indirect attack method of the aerial fire firefighting of the fire line construction may be understand about indirect attack tactics and application of indirect attack which is assistance to raise of capability of the aerial fire firefighting with effectiveness and efficiency.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.249-253
• /
• 2008

The indirect-contact ECG (IDC-ECG) was introduced by a prior study for daily non-intrusive measurements. To improve the signal quality and to extend the application area of IDC-ECG, close study of the frequency characteristics of the IDC-ECG is necessary. In this study, the frequency response of the active electrode for several sample clothes was measured under conditions of actual IDC-ECG measurement with human body. Higher gain in low frequency range than expected by prior study was observed. In addition to it, wide variation in gain according to the cloth type in the low frequency range was observed. Variation in gain caused by moisture variation in the clothes was also observed. This study shows that the parallel R-C connection is proper for electrode model and the resistive factor is influenced by moisture in the clothes. This study is the first that provides the frequency response of the electrode in the actual indirect-contact ECG measurement and it is expected that the results will be helpful to improve the indirect-contact ECG method.