• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the health effects of exposure to oil-contaminated water in G village near the area of Daecheon beach on which air force had test fired. Methods: Eighty residents consented and were divided into three groups; 33 residents(drinking well water and still living there), 23 residents(drinking well water but do not live there any more), and 24 residents(did not drink well water but live there now: control group). Data were collected from August to September, 2010 from the survey questionnaires, general health examination, specific functional test, and biological marker tests. Results: Current residents showed higher levels of body mass index, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose that are related to adult diseases. 64 participants received specific test for cancer. Only one person had esophageal cancer. Perchloroethylene was not found in the Urine Samples. Current residents showed a higher level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, an indicator of oxidative damage, and there was a statistically significant difference after correcting the confounding variables. Conclusion: We need education programs for managing the risk factors that are related to adult diseases in people who are now living in this village. We also need to expand further studies for investigating oxidative damage indicators.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of donor's fiscal status on aid decisions before and after the 2008 global financial crisis. The effects on aid can change depending on the donor country's fiscal status and the period of financial crisis. Research design, data, and methodology - A fixed effect regression and dynamic panel GMM is conducted using a comprehensive dataset combining 31 donor and 167 recipient countries during 1996-2015. The key explanatory variable is central government debt-to-GDP ratio of donor country. Recipient countries' GNI per capita, population, governance indicators, and bilateral trade-to-GDP ratio between donor and recipient countries are included as control variables. Results - We can confirm the relationship between donor country's fiscal status and aid flow. The cyclical component of government debt is found to have a negative impact on grant decisions particularly after the 2008 global financial crisis. This effect becomes larger in the countries with high government debt-to-GDP ratio. ODA decisions from the countries with low financial constraint do not significantly affected by the recipient countries' factors such as GNI, population, and governance indicator. Conclusions - Based on the empirical results of this study, the source of aid should be diversified by incorporating private sector and innovative financing sources.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2004

Based on surface energy balance climatology, surface temperatures should respond to drying conditions well before plant response. To test this hypothesis, land surface temperatures (LST) derived from MODIS data were analyzed to determine how the data were correlated with climatic water balance variables and NDVI anomalies during a growing season in Western and Central Kansas. Daily MODIS data were integrated into weekly composites so that each composite data set included the maximum temperature recorded at each pixel during each composite period. Time-integrated, or cumulative values of the LST deviation standardized with mean air temperatures had significantly high correlation coefficients with SM, AE/PE, and MD/PE, ranging from 0.65 to 0.89. The Standardized Thermal Index (STI) is proposed in this study to accomplish the objective. The STI, based on surface temperatures standardized with observed mean air temperatures, had significant temporal relationships with the hydroclimatological factors. STI classes in all the composite periods also had a strong correlation with NDVI declines during a drought episode. Results showed that, based on LST, air temperature observations, and water budget analysis, NDVI declines below normal could be predicted as early as 8 weeks in advance in this study area.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.369-391
• /
• 2021

The vlda is an R (R Development Core team et al., 2011) package which provides functions for visualization of multidimensional longitudinal data. In particular, the R package vlda was developed to assist in producing a plot that more effectively expresses changes over time for two different types (long format and wide format) and uses a consistent calling scheme for longitudinal data. The main features of this package allow us to identify the relationship between categories and objects using an indicator matrix with object information, as well as to cluster objects. The R package vlda can be used to understand trends in observations over time in addition to identifying relative relationships at a simple visualization level. It also offers a new interactive implementation to perform additional interpretation, therefore it is useful for longitudinal data visual analysis. Due to the synergistic relationship between the existing VLDA plot and interactive features, the user is empowered by a refined observe the visual aspects of the VLDA plot layout. Furthermore, it allows the projection of supplementary information (supplementary objects and variables) that often occurs in longitudinal data of graphs. In this study, practical examples are provided to highlight the implemented methods of real applications.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.311-323
• /
• 2019

The number of newly constructed traditional Korean houses, i.e., Hanoks, and light-frame buildings is increasing. However, related research is limited owing to the lack of awareness regarding safety evaluations. Therefore, this study conducted an outdoor exposure test to accurately evaluate wooden constructions. Spruce, pine, and fir (SPF) material was monitored for a year, wherein the SPF material was artificially dried under 18% moisture content, and its physical properties and color differences were measured once a month. Large differences were observed in the material's weight and moisture content, which are indexes sensitive to daily range and rainfall; however, no significant difference was found for other basic properties in the pre and post test results. Herein, $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values represent color differences; these values exhibited a general decrease after the test. Such differences were attributed to the loss of lignin in the wood. The color difference value was high between the months of May and July, when the daily range and rainfall significantly fluctuated. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the $a^*$ value (redness indicator), daily range, rainfall, and ultraviolet index. The results indicated that the daily range influenced redness the most. According to the estimated regression equation, the daily range and redness are positively correlated. Based on the results, the types and influence of independent variables on color difference are expected to change as the wood's duration of outdoor exposure and the amount of data obtained both increase.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권8호
• /
• pp.453-463
• /
• 2021

The current study aims to investigate the relationship between CSRD and firm performance, as an indicator for corporate socially responsible behavior, and corporate market performance of listed companies on the Amman stock exchange (ASE). The study adopts a quantitative methodology and utilizes pooled data sets that was collected following content analysis approach of the annual reports for the period 2014 to 2019. The study sample consists of 42 listed companies. The study ran a multiple regression model in order to capture the relationship between the independent variable CSRD and the dependent variable that is Firm performance which was measured using Tobin's Q. The study also utilized five control variables in order to control the hypothesized relationship between CSRD and Firm Performance. The results indicate a negative but significant relationship between CSRD and corporate market performance measured by Tobin's Q. The results stand against the notion of the business case for CSR, and indicate the opposite position, so, the higher CSRD, the lower will be Tobin's Q. Such results support the notion of the institutional theory, and provide an initial evidence for legitimacy seeking behavior in Jordanian companies. However, the results indicate a lower level of awareness of CSR across investors and market players, which support arguments of the difference in market perceptions towards CSR.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2022

The perspectives on aging women's financial security during their retirement years are based on their behavior, planning, and decision-making processes during their working years. Elderly women are considered vulnerable and have a longer life expectancy, lower-income, and limited financial understanding compared to males; therefore, drastic steps need to be taken to improve their financial stability and quality of life. The current study sought to determine the most important contributors to retired women's financial health by measuring the value of four factors/variables: capability, opportunity, willingness, and biopsychosocial. This study used a mixed model approach, with qualitative analysis in the first phase involving a focus group discussion session, a pilot analysis, and quantitative analysis for phase two involving the distribution and collection of questionnaires completed by retired women. The surveys were distributed across Malaysia in five distinct zones and yielded 339 usable replies to support the theory. The outcomes of the Multiple Regression Analysis in Malaysia revealed that capability, opportunity, and biopsychosocial factors are significant predictors of retired women's financial security, whereas the willingness indicator lacked statistical significance.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.303-315
• /
• 2022

The degradation of wheel tread may result in serious hazards in the railway operation system. Therefore, timely wheel defect diagnosis of in-service trains to avoid tragic events is of particular importance. The focus of this study is to develop a novel wheel defect detection approach based on the relevance vector machine (RVM) which enables online detection of potentially defective wheels with trackside monitoring data acquired under different running-speed conditions. With the dynamic strain responses collected by a trackside monitoring system, the cumulative Fourier amplitudes (CFA) characterizing the effect of individual wheels are extracted to formulate multiple probabilistic regression models (MPRMs) in terms of multi-kernel RVM, which accommodate both variables of vibration frequency and running speed. Compared with the general single-kernel RVM-based model, the proposed multi-kernel MPRM approach bears better local and global representation ability and generalization performance, which are prerequisite for reliable wheel defect detection by means of data acquired under different running-speed conditions. After formulating the MPRMs, we adopt a Bayesian null hypothesis indicator for wheel defect identification and quantification, and the proposed method is demonstrated by utilizing real-world monitoring data acquired by an FBG-based trackside monitoring system deployed on a high-speed trial railway. The results testify the validity of the proposed method for wheel defect detection under different running-speed conditions.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the quality and characteristics of foreign tourists to Indonesia. Research design, data and methodology: The indicator used to see the quality of foreign tourists is their expenditure while in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data and the statistical analysis used is panel data regression to see the effect of Economic Distance, GDP per capita, Average Length of Stay and Exchange Rate on the quality of Foreign Tourists from 2010 to 2019. Results: Foreign tourists to Indonesia are dominated by young tourists, male and stay about 8.87 days. Their expenditure is relatively low, mostly spent on accommodation, food and beverage. The variables of average length of stay, exchange rate, economic distance, and GDP per capita have a significant and positive effect on the quality of foreign tourists to Indonesia. Conclusions: The number of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia in 2010-2019 tends to increase where the majority of tourists come from countries that are geographically close to Indonesia, young tourists, and male. The quality of tourists in terms of spending is still relatively low. The characteristics of foreign tourists and economic indicators used in the study have a positive effect on improving the quality of tourists.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2022

This study uses the panel probit model to investigate and evaluate the relationship between exchange rate regimes, political stability, and carbon dioxide during currency crises. To understand currency crisis times, we study a panel dataset of seven South Asian nations that contain annual observations from 1996 to 2020. Furthermore, we created the EMPI exchange market pressure indicator to detect crises. Our results strongly suggested that fixed exchange rate is negatively associated with currency crises, with good regulatory quality and better effective governments. Simultaneously, the floating exchange rate is positively related to the currency crises in those countries where the rule of law has less adequately flowed. However, CO₂, exports, and interest rates are buoyantly associated with crises. The floating exchange rate, the rule of law, exports, and interest rate are associated positively and contribute more prone to the crisis episodes. Negatively associated variables contributed less amid crises episodes: fixed exchange rate regime, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality. Meanwhile, CO₂ has a positive relationship with a currency crisis and contributes more likelihood to the probability of a currency crisis. Countries that adopted the fixed exchange rates with effective governments and regulatory quality faced more minor currency crises.