• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.385-404
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• 2009

The youth's rural rehabilitation movement started the crusade against illiteracy and poverty with all young educated elites including Whang Jongjin(a student of Yesan Public Agricultural High School) of the village, Shiryang-ri. Deoksan-myon. Yesan-gun. Among others, Patriot Youn(1908-1932) initiated the movement. The main projects of the agricultural extension were the Evening School(1926), Reading Club, the Woljin.Hoe(1929), Puheung.Won(1928), a Mutual Financing Association for Swine Farming, Sweet Potato Cultivation, Cooperative Planting, the Shuam.Sports Club and Consumer's Cooperative Society. The idea in Nongmindokbon (Famer's Text, 1927) is based on liberalism, equality, independence, a pioneer and cooperative spirit or realization of a physiocratical Utopia. Most references about Patriot Youn are concerned with his heroic deed in Shanghai, however the youth in Shinyang-Ri are typical agricultural extension workers or in other words, a forerunner of Saemaul Undong.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.4
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• pp.351-379
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• 2006

Former ministers of national defense and foreign affairs, intellectuals such as former and incumbent professors, and various NGO groups are demanding the South Korean government to stop promoting independence in operational control which is currently held by the United States Armed Forces in Korea commander. Although the Korea should exercise operational control independently in the future, orientation on the direction which should be taken under consideration in promoting this transfer should be assumed. First of all, South Korea must sufficiently examine the criticisms and dissenting opinions, and reflect them in promoting independence in operational control. From now on, the South Korean government should reflect the opinions of experts in operational control, and must promote the transfer with national consensus. Unilateral enforcement of the transfer may cause serious errors and aggravate conflicts Second, ROKA's exercise of independence in operational control should take place only after gaining restraint on North Korea's attack against the South, and the issues on nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction(WMD) has been resolved, and a peace regime has been reached. Furthermore, exercise of independence in wartime operational control should be promoted only if there is a guarantee that international trust and the military collaboration will be restored to a level beyond the present state. Third, the USFK and the Korean-US alliance is providing South Korea with national security, not to mention tremendous diplomatical, and economical benefits However, if the alliance between the two countries become weakened due to the exercise of the independence in operational control, we might suffer a great deal of loss. Even though reasonable justification and external independence may be gained through promoting independence in operational control, it should be promoted in a longitudinal manner because national security problems and conflicts may be intensified, and there is no actual profit in doing so. Fourth, if the Korean-US alliance becomes weakened and therefore the United States decides to discuss eastern-asia strategies, North Korea deterrence strategies, and Japanese rearmament issues with other neighboring countries, South Korea may become diplomatically isolated and a subordinate to surrounding countries, destroying the independence we have now instead of restoring it Therefore searching for means to reinforce international trust and collaboration between South Korea and the United States, and leaving ROKA’s independence in operational control as a long term objective would be a more realistic method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.19-43
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present a proposal to build an archive of Gwangju Student Independence activist Jang Jae-seong. The research method used for this purpose was, first, a literature study related to Jang Jae-seong. Second, the current status of records related to Jang Jae-seong, such as the National Archives of Korea and the Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, was investigated, and the types of records were presented for each collection. Third, an expert interview with Jang Jae-seong's family was conducted. As a result of the study, the Jang Jae-seong archive was designed with documentary and commentary content. In addition, a method of linking with the record-holding institution through mapping by content was suggested. Recorded content are structured so that users can receive detailed information linked to each collection through a search. Also, considering that an archive of Gwangju student independence activists has not been established so far, a plan was prepared and presented to build an archive of people involved in the incident together and provide data.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.493-504
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on the involved hand function and ADL in stroke patients. Five subjects with fixing unaffected arms by CIMT were assigned to the experimental patient group and the other five patients to control group without fixing unaffected arms. The function of hand for both groups were evaluated by using Jebsen-Taylor hand function test and ADL for both groups were evaluated by FIM(Functional Independence Measure) before and after task practice. In conclusion, results of this study showed that improved hand function and ADL by CIMT in stroke patients. We concluded that CIMT can improved the involved hand function and ADL in stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.159-172
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• 2020

Purpose: The study sought to determine whether goal achievement, performance, satisfaction, activities of daily living, and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy are positive affected by goal-oriented functional task training. Methods: In a single case study, two 7-year-old girls diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy were given functional task training based on individualized goals for 24 60-minute sessions over a period of 6 months. The individualized goals reflected the needs of both children and parents. The Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM) and the goal attainment scale (GAS) were used to measure goal performance and satisfaction before and after intervention. Independence of activities of daily living before and after intervention were assessed using the functional independence measure for children (Wee-FIM). And change of gross motor function were assessed using gross motor function measure (GMFM). Results: Clinically significant changes were observed in COPM and GAS, as well as positive changes in independence of gross motor function and activities of daily living. Conclusion: The findings indicate that goal-oriented functional task training addresses the needs of children with spastic cerebral palsy, which increases treatment satisfaction and has a positive effect on independent activities and participation in daily life.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

This study is to reconsider the symbolic potential of the costume by investigating the role of cloth in Indian culture, noting the fact that Indians wore hand-woven cloth and adopted a flag with the spinning wheel in the center as part of their nationalistic programs for independence. The results are as follows; The Indian cotton industry had held the fist position in the world and spinning and weaving had been an Indian national industry until the early part of the 19th century. As for the Indian cotton industry under the rule of Britain, Indian was reduced to being a colony producing raw materials and a market of cheap British finished goods, and eventually fell into anarchy with economic poverty of the general public and peasants'uprising mixed with the complaint of the intellectuals. The Indian National Movement started as a resort to escape the British rule because of continuous poverty and social exhaustion, and its pivot was Gandhi. Gandhi launched a revolutionary noncooperation movement in Indian society with diverse races, religions and castes, and developed nation-wide campaigns such as Boycott, Swadeshi, the encouragement of spinning wheels, etc. Gandhi urged that Indians' weak identity and poverty were caused by the dissolution of their native craft and that the Indians should wear Indian products for economic independence. Accordingly, leaders of Indian National Congress regarded a spinning wheel as an economic necessity and national symbol, and approved manual spinning and weaving as part of their nationalistic programs in order to drew the general public to the nationalistic movement in 1920. They also decided that all Congressmen should wear hand-woven cloth, Khadi, and adopted spinning wheels as the logo type of Indian National Congress. Khadi, Indian national cloth, was a symbol of national unification, freedom and equality, and also a means of economic self-sufficiency, Swadeshi, and eventually led India to autonomy, Swaraji. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cloth converted Indias economic and political identity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.41
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• pp.153-168
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to examine, specifically, the external and internal characteristics of anti-fashion expression in the Korean student movement after the 1945 Liberation. The dress expressed in the student movement represented the purity of student and characterized resistance, and this character expressed strongly in 80s, faded from middle of 90s. Until the 60s, the student movement was not characterized by, so activist students wore dress and suits. It symbolized students as an elite group of society. They added on head-bands to express resistance. In the 70s, activist students wore school uniforms, school military training wear, blue jeans and loose shirts in demonstrations. They tried to express re-bellion against the government and the older gen-eration. In the 80s, the period was remarkably distingusihing by the economic growth at that time. Activist students wore T-shirts with Korean letters and popular paintings specially made, Korean costumes, wrapped in the Taggeuki (Korean national flag), and refused wear on jeans because of anti-Americanism. They also wore masks, muffled their faces, and got their heads shaved. These anti-fashions are very strong expressions for the national independence spirit, national traditional heitage, anti-foreign power and anti-American. In the early 90s, activist students wore reformed Korean costumes specially made group uniforms, after that they wore casual everyday clothes with caps. They tried to express remarkable resistance in the early 90s, but after the mid-90s expression of resistance weakened and faded, so there was no distinction between activist and non-activist. There are the reasons why the student movement changed after the peaceful transfer of political power.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 1997

This thesis is a study on the properties of new religious ritual dress in Korea to help understand new religions more completely. A new religion means 'Newly born religions'and it is an opposite conception of the existing religion. The new religions in Korea have been established, changed and become extinct beginning with 'Dong-Hak'movement by Choi Jea Woo in 1860. Sometimes they've caused social problems with their number increasing after the rapid industrialization in 1970's. There are about 350 new religions and 2,000,000 christians in Korea now. Some of theme are pseudo religions wearing the mask of religion and also there are great new religions that will contribute to our spiritual history. The latter shows the thoughtful properties of the union of religion, postnatal creation, nation's independence, and human's centralization. There are properties of pluralism, nation's independence, symbolism, and thoughts in a new religious ritul dress.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-83
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• 2018

Historians describe the early years of the 20th century as a period of "nationalism." During this period, Turkish nationalism transformed into a thought movement which emerged to defend Turkish national sovereignty during the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Approaches towards nationalism in Turkey are based on the idea of national sovereignty and the ideas of national independence that developed subsequently. Nationalism in Turkey first transformed from Pan-Islamism into multinational Ottomanism, and finally developed into Turkish nationalism and patriotism. This process emerged as a movement of self-discovery in the multicultural structure of the Ottoman Empire and transformed into Turkism. The Balkan Wars (1912-1913) destroyed the foundation upon which Ottomanism was based, and led to the rise of Turkish nationalism, in other words, Turkism. The idea of nation in modern terms in the recent history of thought and nationalism subsequently developed based on this idea and emerged with the Turkism movement. Thus, Turkism became the movement of Turks in the empire, combined with political Turkism which was supported by the intellectuals who came to the Ottoman Empire from Russia. In this article, the formation of Turkist movements and the leading intellectuals of Turkish nationalism, who emerged at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of 20th century in the Ottoman Empire, are investigated in order to examine the historical progress of nationalist approaches in a period in which a new national state was established and improved.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.447-448
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• 2015

인사동은 전통문화의 거리로 알려졌으나 관광상품 위주의 일시적 개발이 진행되어 역사적 장소로서 그 중요성이 부각되지 않았다. '3.1운동' 유적지를 중심으로 한 역사체험프로그램을 통해 교육적 효과를 높일 수 있는 장소로 인사동을 활성화시켜야 한다. 이를 통해 3.1운동의 발생지로서 인사동의 역사적 의미를 되찾고 공간과 학습이 결합한 역사적 공간으로 근대문화유산의 가치를 교육적으로 활용하는 방안을 모색한다.