• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.309-319
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the fracture toughness of seven commercially available dental ceramics by indentation fracture method. All specimens were fabricated to the final dimensions of approximately 12mm in diameter 2mm in thickness. The characte-ristic indentation dimensions of Vickers or Knoop indentation were measured to calculate the fracture toughness values and Young’s moduli. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Young’s modulus and Vickers hardness of Vita In-Ceram showed the maximum values of $154.4{\pm}49.2$ Gpa and $12.60{\pm}0.71$Gpa, respectively. Results of Scheff test exhibited the significant difference between Vita In-Ceram group and others(p<0.01). 2. Maximum fracture toughness of $2.562{\pm}0.37 MPam^{1/2}$ for Vita In-Ceram and the maxi-mum one of $0.908{\pm}0.132MPam^{1/2}$ for Vitadur-N were calculated. Results of Scheff test showed the significant difference between Vita In-Ceram group and Vita Hi-Ceram(p<0.05) : also between Vita In-Ceram or Vita Hi-Ceram and others(p<0.01). 3. The alumina-based core ceramics showed the aspect of Palmqvist crack for the indentation load of 49.0N, but others showed the median/lateral crack for the indentation load of 9.8N.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2005

In general, multi-lap spot weld joints are frequently present in automobile. Most research, however, has been focused on the single-lap spot weld joints until now. In this paper, tensile-shear strength tests are performed to examine the weldability of 3-lap spot joint welded by using the high strength steel sheet and the zinc coated steel sheet. The indentation depth and nugget diameter are used to propose the optimum welding conditions. The weldability is affected by the welding current and welding time for 3-lap spot joint. Meanwhile the expulsions is round to decrease with the increase of electrode force. The optimum welding conditions are presented for 3-lap spot joints of high strength steel sheet and zinc coated steel sheet.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.105-121
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• 1994

In this paper, we proposed the two-parameter model for predicting the residual strength in CFRP laminated composites subjected to high velocity impact and developed and formulated it based upon Cparino's by using the ratio of impact and the normalized residual strength. Critical indentation was obtained by the statical indentation tests. Impact tests were carried out through air-gun type impact equipment with the velocities varied 30-100m/sec. Projectiles were steel balls with 5 and 7mm in diameter. Test material was carbon/epoxy. The specimens were composed of [ .+-. 45 .deg. /0 .deg. /90 .deg. ]$\_$2/ and [ .+-. 45 .deg. ]$\_$4/stacking sequences and had 0.75$\^$T/*0.26$\^$W/*100$\^$L/(mm) dimension. Results from the proposed model were in good agreement with the test data. And failure mechanism due to high velocity impact is given here to examine the initation and deveolpment of damage by fractography and ultrasonic image system. The effects of the 0 .deg. -direction ply position and the amount to damage area on the residual strength are considered here.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.107-123
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• 1983

The globus pallidus of normal cats were prepared for electron microscopic study following perfusion with a mixture of 1% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde solution. Neurons of two size categories were identified in 1 $\\mu$m araldite sections and their ultrastructural characteristics were studied in adjacent thin section. 1. Large neurons ($30 \\mum \\times 45 \\mum$ in diameter) had extensive areas of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulm, abundant perinuclear Golgi complex, numerous mitochondria and lipofusin granule, and had a large spherical nucleus with shallow indentation of nuclear manbrane. Small neurons ($17 \\mum \\times 27 \\mum$ in diameter) had poorly rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, moderate number of mitochondria and randomly distributed Golgi complex. The nuclear envelope of this cell frequently showed multiple deep invagination. 2. Three types of axo-somatic synapses were identified on the basis of the size and shape of vesicle in the axon terminal and the symmetrical or asymmetrical thickening at the synaptic site. Type I synaptic terminal shows an even distribution of round and oval synaptic vesicles, and has a symmetrical synaptic thickening. Type II axon terminals reveal mostly round and pleomorphic vesicles and a few vesicles were localized near the presynaptic membrane in pale axoplasm and its synaptic thickening were symmetric. Type III axon terminals contain round vesicles, which were aggregated in the axoplasm, and has a asymmetrical synaptic thickening. 3. The majority of axo-somatic contact with the large and small neurons were type I, and type II and III synapes were rare.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2006

Punching tools like an electrodes are made by milling or etching or EDM. These methods had time consuming, low efficiency and air pollution. So, we have developed a shearing device which counter punching method for burrless cutting of micro wire. Using the straightened SUS304 wire with $200{\mu}m$ diameter, we confirmed the tendency of the shear plane for punch tools. It was impossible to completely remove the bun in the shearing process. In order to minimize the burr size and fine shear plane, we have accomplished the various experiment conditions such as the U-groove, the effect of the counter punch, shear angle and clearance. The results of the experiments show that indentation, slip plane and bent shape were related to the shear angle and clearance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.943-951
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• 2003

폐 말초에 발생한 고립성 결절의 증례가 점차 늘고 있다. 저자들은 이러한 폐결절에 대하여 방사선학적으로 양, 악성의 감별이 어느 정도 유용한가를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 직경 3cm 이하의 폐 말초에 발생한 고립성 병변증례 134예에 대하여 술전에 시행된 고해상 CT (HRCT)에서 결절 내부의 성상과 경계부 형태, 그리고 주변 폐실질과의 관계에 대하여 관찰하였다. 결과: GGA 면적비가 50% 이상인 경우는 선암과 일부 전이성 폐암 그리고 염증성 병변에서만 관찰되었으며, 90% 이상인 경우는 선암에서만 존재하였다. 반면에 비선암성 폐암과 양성 폐종양, 그리고 결핵종에서는 모두 GGA 면적비가 50% 이하였는데, 특히 10% 미만이 대부분이었다. Air bronchogram, spiculation, lobulation, vascular involvement, 그리고 pleural indentation의 소견들은 주로 악성 병변에서 관찰되었는데, 특히 원발성 선암에서 30% 이상의 고발현도를 보였다. 결론: 대부분의 원발성 폐선암은 HRCT에서 특징적인 소견들을 보이고 있다. 따라서 이러한 소견들에 유의한다면 다른 병변들과의 감별에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 생각되었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2015

Adhesion force of nanomaterials such as nanoparticle, nanowire, and nanorods should be significantly considered for its mechanical applications. However, examination of the adhesion force is limited since it is technically challenging to carry out experiments with such small objects. Therefore, in this work, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was conducted to determine the adhesion force between a nanowire and a flat surface, which could not be readily assessed through experiments. The adhesion force of a cylindrical-shaped nanowire was assessed by performing MDS and applying an equation of Van der Waals interaction. Simulation was conducted in two steps: indentation of a spherical tip on the flat surface and indentation of a cylinder on the flat surface, because the purpose of the simulation was comparing the results of the simulation and calculation of the Van der Waals interaction equation. From the simulation, Hamaker constant used for the equation of Van der Waals interaction was determined to be 2.93 °ø 10?18 J. Using this constant, the adhesion force of the nanowire on the flat surface was readily estimated by calculating Van der Waals equation to be approximately 65~89 nN with respect to the diameter of the nanowire. Moreover, the adhesion force of the nanowire was determined to be 52~77 nN from the simulation It was observed that there was a slight discrepancy (approximately 15~25%) between the results of the simulation and the theoretical calculation. Thus, it was confirmed that the calculation of Van der Waals interaction could be utilized to assess the adhesion force of the nanowire.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2019

본 연구는 고 장력 강판 SGAFC 780소재를 이용하여 저항 점 용접을 실시 하였으며, 조건에 따른 너깃 지름 측정, 유한 요소 해석 비교를 하였다. 너깃 지름 측정 결과 용접 전류 7kVA의 용접시간 18cycle 이상의 용접조건에서는 용접 최소 직경인 4.3mm 이상을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 9kVA과 10kVA이상에서 최소 너깃 직경인 4.3mm 이상으로 만족 하였으나, 높은 전류와 시간으로 인해 날림 현상이 발생하였고, 그로 인한 깊은 압흔이 잔류하였다. 용접성 평가 결과 최소 너깃 지름에서는 만족하지만 날림 현상이 발생하여 용접 불량으로 평가되는 구간이 존재함을 확인하였다. 하지만 날림 현상이 일어났음에도 충분한 하중 부담 능력을 가지는 영역도 확인했다. 유한 요소 해석 비교 결과 적정용접 구간에서의 유한 요소 해석과 실험 결과에서의 너깃 지름을 비교 했을 시 4.2% 미만의 오차율을 확인 했으며, 유한 요소 해석의 신뢰성을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1925-1928
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• 2015

Background: To investigate whether CT findings can predict the invasiveness of persistent cancerous pure ground glass opacity (pGGO) by correlating the CT imaging features of persistent pGGO with pathological changes. Materials and Methods: Ninety five patients with persistent pGGOs were included. Three radiologists evaluated the morphologic features of these pGGOs at high resolution CT (HRCT). Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between CT findings and histopathological classification (pre-invasive and invasive groups). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of diameters. Results: A total of 105 pGGOs were identified. Between pre-invasive (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, AAH, and adenocarcinoma in situ, AIS) and invasive group (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, MIA and invasive lung adenocarcinomas, ILA), there were significant differences in diameter, spiculation and vessel dilatation (p<0.05). No difference was found in air-bronchogram, bubble-lucency, lobulated-margin, pleural indentation or vascular convergence (p>0.05). The optimal threshold value of the diameters to predict the invasiveness of pGGO was 12.50mm. Conclusions: HRCT features can predict the invasiveness of persistent pGGO. The pGGO with a diameter more than 12.50mm, presences of spiculation and vessel dilatation are important factors to differentiate invasive adenocarcinoma from pre-invasive cancerous lesions.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.543-560
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• 2018

도심지 지하공간의 개발과 운행선 하부를 저토피로 입체 교차화하는 시설 증가에 따라 비개착식 공법의 수요는 점차 증가추세에 있으나 대다수의 공법은 중대구경 강관을 압입하여 루프를 형성하고 내부를 굴착하는 파이프루프(Pipe roof) 계열의 공법이 주로 적용되고 있다. 강관 압입 시 발생되는 이완영역 및 하중은 여러 인자의 영향을 받게 되나 가장 큰 요소는 압입하는 강관의 크기에 좌우되며 이는 강관 루프 내 지중구조물에 작용하는 하중의 크기로 볼 수 있다. 지반의 교란 및 이완하중 발생을 최소화시키기 위해 개발된 SEM공법(Super Equilibrium Method)은 기존의 중대구경 강관 대신 ${\Phi}114mm$ 내외의 소구경 강관을 사용한다. 이 소구경 강관을 SEM파일로 명명하였으며 강관의 선 압입 및 그라우팅 보강을 실시한 후 지반의 침하나 융기 없이 지반 내 횡단구조물을 유압잭을 이용하여 압입하게 된다. 이와 같이 SEM공법의 구성 중 지보역할을 하는 SEM파일은 선단부 굴착 시 지반의 붕락을 방지하고 상재하중을 지지하기 위한 길이 5 m 내외의 Fore poling 파일이며 이 파일의 배치간격, 시공연장, 부재의 강성 등을 산정하기 위해서는 이완영역의 적절한 산정이 필수적이다. 본 논문은 SEM공법의 최적설계를 위하여 SEM파일 압입 시 발생되는 이완하중 산정 값을 비교분석하였다. 이완영역 산정에 근거한 주요 이론식 및 경험식들의 영향인자를 고려하여 분석하고 FEM analysis (유한요소 해석)를 수행하여 SEM파일에 적합한 이완하중 산정을 검토하였다. 또한 실제 SEM파일 압입 및 굴착 시 발생되는 지반이완을 확인하기 위해 강관압입 축소모형실험을 수행하였으며 토피고/강관(H/D)에 따른 지표침하 및 지반이완을 정량적으로 검토하였다.