• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.257-257
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• 2004

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of morphology, reproductive cycle, incubation time and activation of oocytes on in vitro maturation of cat oocytes and development of IVM/IVF embryos. 1. When recovered from ovaries collected at different stages of the reproductive cycle (inactive, follicular and luteal stage), the developmental rates of oocytes to GV and MI stage were 72.5% and 27.5%, 57.5% and 7.5%, 62.5% and 17.5%, respectively. (omitted)

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.815-822
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to estimate the seroconversion date of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection for the HIV infected patients in Korea. Data are collected from two cohorts. The first cohort is a group of "seroprevalent" patients who were seropositive and AIDS-free at entry. The other is a group of "seroincident" patients who were initially seronegative but later converted to HIV antibody-positive. The seroconversion dates of the seroincident cohort are available while those of the seroprevalent cohort are not. Estimation of seroconversion date is important because it can be used to calculate the incubation period of AIDS which is defined as the elapsed time between the HIV infection and the development of AIDS. In this paper, a Weibull regression model Is fitted for the seroincident cohort using information about the elapsed time since seroconversion and the CD4$^{+}$ cell count.The seroconversion dates for the seroprevalent cohort are imputed on the basis of the marker of maturity of HIV infection percent of CD4$^{+}$cell count.unt.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2013

Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium species. Most of the imported malaria in Korea are due to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium ovale infections are very rare. Here, we report a case of a 24-year-old American woman who acquired P. ovale while staying in Ghana, West Africa for 5 months in 2010. The patient was diagnosed with P. ovale malaria based on a Wright-Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear, Plasmodium genus-specific real-time PCR, Plasmodium species-specific nested PCR, and sequencing targeting 18S rRNA gene. The strain identified had a very long incubation period of 19-24 months. Blood donors who have malaria with a very long incubation period could be a potential danger for propagating malaria. Therefore, we should identify imported P. ovale infections not only by morphological findings but also by molecular methods for preventing propagation and appropriate treatment.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.607-616
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• 2009

In many epidemiological studies, the occurrence times of the event of interest are right-censored or interval censored. In certain situations such as the AIDS data, however, the incubation period which is the time between HIV infection and the diagnosis of AIDS is usually doubly censored. In this paper, we impute the interval censored HIV infection time using three imputation methods. Mid imputation, conditional mean imputation and approximate Bayesian bootstrap are implemented to obtain right censored data, and then Gibbs sampler is used to estimate the coefficient factor of the incubation period. By using Bayesian approach, flexible modeling and the use of prior information is available. We applied both parametric and semi-parametric methods for estimating the effect of the covariate and compared the imputation results incorporating prior information for the covariate effects.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 1988

To investigate polyacetylene compounds isolated from petroleum ether extract of panax ginseng effect on the macromolecule synthesis, lympoid lukemia L1210 cell was incubated with them at 4, 8, 12,16 hours. Panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol as cytotoxic substances inhibited the synthesis of macromolecule such as DNA, RNA and protein. Panaxydol which had the most potent cytotoxicity among these three compounds showed the strongest inhibitory effect on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. For DNA and RNA synthesis, panaxynol and panaxytriol decreased the rate of inhibition with the incubation time but panaxydol had a strongest inhibitory effect at 16 hour incubation time. Protein synthesis was markedly inhibited by all these polyacetylene compounds. It was obserbed that there is a relationship between cytotoxicities of polyacetylene compounds and the inhibition of macromolecule synthesis.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2021

Roridin E, produced by Podostroma cornu-damae, is a mycotoxin with anticancer activity. To increase the content of roridin E, submerged culture conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. Three factors, namely, medium initial pH, incubation time and agitation speed were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The optimum submerged culture conditions to increase the content of roridin E included a medium with an initial pH of 4.0, an incubation time of 12.90 days, and an agitation speed of 63.03 rpm. The roridin E content in the submerged culture, under the aforementioned conditions, was 40.26 mg/L. The findings of this study can help lower the current price of roridin E and promote its related research.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.288-302
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• 2017

퇴적물이 수층의 영양염 분포에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 퇴적물의 용출률을 정확하게 측정할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서 퇴적물 용출률 측정 방법 중 퇴적물 코어 배양법을 대상으로 용출률의 측정 조건과 실험 절차를 제시하였다. 낙동강 수계 중류에서 2015년 7월에 표층이 교란되지 않은 퇴적물 코어 시료를 채취하여, pre-incubation 시간(6, 12, 24시간), 초기 산소농도(포화도 90, 70 50%), 확산경계층의 두께(0, 0.6-0.8, 1.2-1.4 mm), 배양 온도(10, 17, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) 등을 여러 가지 조건으로 조성하여 측정한 영양염 용출률의 결과를 그 바탕으로 하였다. 네 가지 주요 환경 조건이 달라지면, 안정화 시간 동안 유기물 분해 및 산화 과정에 의한 화학 조성 변화, 퇴적층의 산화-환원 환경 변화에 따른 흡착 및 탈착, 퇴적물-수층 경계면에서의 수리역학적 상황 변동에 의한 물질 교환 증감, 퇴적물 내 미생물의 활성 증가 등을 야기하여 퇴적물의 영양염용출률에 영향을 미친다. 따라서, 퇴적물 코어 배양법으로 실제 현장값과 유사한 결과를 생산하기 위해서는 현장 심수층의 수온 및 용존산소 농도, 유속을 자연 상태와 가깝게 재현하고 퇴적물 시료 채집 후 되도록 빠른 시간 안에 배양 실험을 수행해야 한다. 두 개의 반복구에 대하여 퇴적물 코어 배양법으로 영양염 용출률을 측정하였을 때 대부분의 실험 조건에서 상대백분율차가 20% 이하였다. 측정 조건과 절차를 엄밀히 준수하여 실험하였을 때 정밀도를 확보할 수 있는 것으로 사료되며, 향후 측정 결과의 정확도를 확인하기 위하여 현장 측정법과 비교할 예정이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 1989

절대(絶對) 혐기조건(嫌氣條件)에서 볏짚의 분해작용(分解作用)에 관여(關與)하는 혐기미생물(嫌氣微生物)과 그 분해생성물(分解生成物)들의 행동(行動)을 구명코져 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 전(全) 시험기간(試驗期間)동안 처리(處理)에 관계없이 메탄생성균수(生成菌數)가 섬유소분해균수(分解菌數)보다 많았다. 2. 혐기미생물(嫌氣微生物)의 활성(活性)은 볏짚+요소구(尿素區)에서 항온초기(恒溫初期)에 높았던 반면 볏짚단용구(單用區)는 초기(初期)에 감소(減少)되었다가 항온 10日 이후부터 다시 증가(增加)되었다. 3. 중간분해산물(中間分解産物)인 휘발성지방산(揮發性脂肪酸)은 볏짚+요소구(尿素區)보다 볏짚단용구(單用區)에서 그 생성양(生成量)이 높았고 체재기간(滯在期間)도 더 길었으며 이들중 propionic acid함양(含量)이 가장 높았다. 4. 최종분해산물(最終分解産物)인 가스의 발생양(發生量)은 메탄생성균(生成菌)의 활성(活性)과 대단히 밀접(密接)한 관련을 갖고 있었다. 5. 항온기간(恒溫期間)중 액(液)중의 평균 Eh값은 -250mV이었고 이때 $CH_4$:$CO_2$의 %비(比)는 약 60~65 : 35~40이었다. 6. $CH_4$와 $CO_2$ 가스로부터 환산(換算)한 유기물(有機物)의 분해률(分解率)은 볏짚+요소구(尿素區)가 50일(日)동안 45.6%이었으며 볏짚단용구(單用區)는 36.8%이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.819-826
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• 2009

An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the effect of malate or fumarate on fermentation characteristics, and production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and methane ($CH_4$) by rumen microbes when incubated with linolenic acid (${\alpha}-C_{18:3}$). Sixty milligrams of ${\alpha}-C_{18:3}$ alone (LNA), or ${\alpha}-C_{18:3}$ with 24 mM malic acid (M-LNA) or ${\alpha}-C_{18:3}$ with 24 mM fumaric acid (F-LNA) were added to the 150 ml culture solution consisting of 75 ml strained rumen fluid and 75ml McDougall's artificial saliva. Culture solution for incubation was also made without malate, fumarate and ${\alpha}-C_{18:3}$ (Control). Two grams of feed consisting of 70% concentrate and 30% ground alfalfa (DM basis) were also added to the culture solution of each treatment. In vitro incubation was made anaerobically in a shaking incubator up to 12 h at $39^{\circ}C$. Supplementation of malate (M-LNA) or fumarate (F-LNA) increased pH at 6 h (p<0.01) and 12 h (p<0.001) incubation times compared to control and linolenic acid (LNA) treatments. Both malate and fumarate did not influence the ammonia-N concentration. Concentration of total VFA in culture solution was higher for M-LNA and F-LNA supplementation than for control and LNA treatments from 6 h (p<0.040) to 12 h (p<0.027) incubation times, but was not different between malate and fumarate for all incubation times. Molar proportion of $C_3$ was increased by F-LNA and M-LNA supplementation from 6 h (p<0.0001) to 12 h (p<0.004) incubation times compared to control and LNA treatments. No differences in $C_{3}$ proportion, however, were observed between M-LNA and F-LNA treatments. Accumulated total gas production for 12h incubation was increased (p<0.0002) by M-LNA or F-LNA compared to control or LNA treatment. Accumulated $CH_4$ production for 12 h incubation, however, was greatly reduced (p<0.0002) by supplementing malate or fumarate compared to the control, and its production from M-LNA or F-LNA treatment was smaller than that from LNA treatment. Methane production from LNA, M-LNA or F-LNA treatment was steadily lower (p<0.01 - p<0.001) from 3 h incubation time than that from the control, and was also lower for M-LNA or F-LNA treatment at incubation times of 6 h (p<0.01) and 9 h (p<0.001) than for LNA treatment. Methane production from LNA, however, was reduced (p<0.01 - p<0.001) from 3 h to 9 h incubation times compared to the control. Both malate and fumarate increased concentration of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ from 3 h to 12 h incubation (p<0.01), cis9,trans11-CLA up to 6 h incubation (p<0.01 - p<0.01), trans10,cis12-CLA at 3 h (p<0.05) and 12 h (p<0.01), and total CLA for all incubation times (p<0.05) compared to corresponding values for the ${\alpha}-C_{18:3}$ supplemented treatment (LNA). In conclusion, malate and fumarate rechanneled the metabolic $H_2 pathway to production of propionate and CLA, and depressed the process of biohydrogenation and methane generation. Linolenic acid alone would also be one of the optimistic alternatives to suppress the $CH_4$ generation.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2003

본 연구는 돼지 동결-융해 정자의 배양에 의한 체외수정능력과 glycosidase activity를 평가하기 위하여 chlortetracycfine fluorescence분석법을 이용하여, glycosidase가 체외수정능력과 정자침입에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 또한 돼지난자의 투명대내에서 발견된 당잔기에 대한 정자의 glyco-sidase 특이성을 확인하기 위하여 $\alpha$-L-fucosidase, $\alpha$-D-mannosidase, $\beta$-D-galactosidase 및 N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase ($\beta$-GlcNAc'ase)의 activity를 분석하였다. 그 결과 glycosidase activity는 동결정자의 응해 후 배양하지 않았을 때보다 2시간 배양했을 때 더 높게 나타났다. $\beta$-GlcNAc'ase의 activity 는 정자 배양 유무에 관계없이 다른 glycosidase 처리시보다 최소한 2배 이상 높게 나타났다. 또한 첨체반응이 유기된 정자의 비율은 glycosidase ($\alpha$-D-mannosidase; P<0.05)에 의해 영향을 받았으며 자를 배양하지 않은 경우보다는 배양된 정자에서 높게 나타났다. 그러나 배양시간에 따른 정자의 존성에 대해 glycosidase의 종류에 따른 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 한편 투명대내 정자의 접착과 입에 대한 또 다른 실험에서, 서로 다른 glyco-sidase가 첨가된 배양액내에서 수정된 정자가 배양시간이 길어짐에 따라 정자의 침입율은 낮아졌다 $\beta$-GlcNAc'ase; P<0.05). 투명대내의 정자접착정도는 glycosidase의 첨가시에 무첨가시보다 접착정도가 더 높았으며, 가장 높은 접착율은 $\beta$-GlcNAc'ase 첨가시 나타났다. 또한 모든 glycosidase 처리시 2시간 배양한 정자보다는 배양하지 않은 정자에서 투명대에 대한 접착정도가 높게 나타났으며, $\alpha$-D-mannosidase의 처리시 유의적인 차이를 보였다 (P<0.05). 본 연구의 결과, $\beta$-GlcNAc'ase가 주로 돼지정자의 원형질막내에 존재하는 것으로 추측되며, 배양된 정자에 의한 투명대 접착정도와 침입율이 낮았음에도 불구하고 glycosidase activity가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.