• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.34
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• pp.69-82
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• 1995

This study exmines an assessment of research parks in developed countries, focusing on points of quantitative and qualitative information on the parks described. including the impetus for their development; their corporate structures/relationships to the universities; their stage of development ; their research emphasis; their source of funding. Also a similar assessment has been made for the research parks developed and planned in Korea. It has been found that the research park in Korea is very requsite in many points of view but problematic issue. Based on these analysis, it is suggested that a proper model of research park in Korea is small size and university initiatives. In developing research parks in Korea, emphasis has been made mainly on incubation of start-up high technology companies, but emphasis should be made equally on advancement of existing technology for industries.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

The Biolog redox technology was carried out for evaluation of acidification effect on microbial communities at each stage of pH gradient microcosm. While the number of heterotrophic bacterial population and activities of extracellular enzyme decreased as the pH decreased, the number of total bacteria in the microcosm was not affected. The average color development of sample at each pH-gradient showed a sigmoidal curve, and at higher pH, more overall color development appeared in Biolog plates. Average color development value in Biolog plates was stabilized at 50 hours as an optimum incubation time. The color production in the Biolog plates was caused by cell density at above pH 5.0, but by cell activity below pH 4.0. Principal component analysis of color responses revealed distinctive patterns among the pH-gradient microcosm samples.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.261-264
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• 2004

Kolar gold (PM${\times}$CSR2) is the most popular cross breed of India, especially in Karnataka. During January - February 2004 we observed several phenotypic variations leading to poor survival. Though occurrence of morphologically abnormal individuals is common, the extent of occurrence in the present report was on the higher side (upto 6 percent). It is unwarranted and not desirable in commercial silkworm rearing. The variations exhibited might be due to change in the environmental conditions like incubation temperature during embryonic stage or spontaneous mutation resulting out of environmental stress.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.447-451
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• 2022

Phytoestrogenic S-equol production in human gut exclusively depends on the biotransformation of daidzein to dihydrodaidzein (DHD). With a growing demand for the DHD enriched biomaterials, the commercial soybean hypocotyl extract (SHE) was chosen as a substrate for the microbial DHD production by human gut bacterium MRG-1, anaerobic DHD producer. To optimize the production of DHD, anaerobic fermentation conditions, including sterilization time, growth stage of inoculum, and growth media, were investigated. Maximum DHD production (1.2 g/L) was achieved after 48 h incubation when 1% (w/v) of SHE in the 20-min-sterilized Gifu Anaeboic Medium media was inoculated with OD₆₀₀ 0.3-0.4 of MRG-1. This is the first report that crude soy biomaterial, instead of pure compounds, such as daidzin and daidzein, is utilized for the production of the DHD enriched biomaterial.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2001

We have previously shown that oocyte maturation is induced by an immobilized progesterone, progesterone-3-carboxymethyloxime - bovine serum albumin conjugate (P-BSA) in Rana dybowskii. In this study, we confirmed the maturation inducing activity of P-BSA on Xenopus oocyte and examined the binding character of the immobilized progesterone on the surface of Xenopus oocytes after removal of the vitelline layer. P-BSA induced maturation of Xenopus oocytes but E-BSA failed to do so as observed in Rana. Binding of the immobilized progesterone, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled progesterone-3-0-carboxymethyloxime-BSA (P-BSA-FITC) on the devitellined oocytes surface was examined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The binding affinity of P-BSA-FITC to the devitellined oocyte was higher than that of estrogen-BSA-FITC (E-BSA-FITC) or testosterone-BSA-FITC (T-BSA-FITC). The binding disappeared in the presence of excess free progesterone but not in the presence of free estrogen. Maximum binding occurred after two-hours of incubation with P-BSA-FITC at pH 7.5. Stronger binding occurred in oocytes at stage Vl than stage IV, and in vitro treatment of hCG enhanced the binding. Taken together, these results suggest that a specific receptor for progesterone exists on the plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes and that progesterone acts initially on this putative receptors and triggers generation of membrane-mediated second messengers during the early stage of oocyte maturation In amphibians.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.40-46
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• 2001

The use of pluripotent stem cells has tremendous advantages for various purposes but these cell lines with proven germ-line transmission have been completely established only in the mouse. Embryonic germ (EG) cell lines are also pluripotent and undifferentiated stem cells established from primordial germ cells (PGCs). This study was conducted to establish and characterize the chicken EG cells derived from gonadal primordial germ cells. We isolated gonadal PGCs from 5.5-day-old (stage 28) White leghorn (WL) embryos and established chicken EG cells lines with EG culture medium supplemented with human stem cell factor (hSCF), murine leukemia inhibitory factor (mLIF), bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), human interleukin-11 (hIL-11), and human insulin-like growth factor-I (hIGF-I). These cells grew continuously for 4 months (10 passages) on a feeder layer of mitotically active chicken embryonic fibroblasts. These cells were characterized by screening with the Periodic acid-Shiff＇s reaction, anti-SSEA-1 antibody, and a proliferation assay after several passages. As the results, the chicken EG cells maintained characteristics of undifferentiated stem cells as well as that of gonadal PGCs. When cultured in suspension, the chicken EG cells successfully formed an embryoid body and differentiated into a variety of cell types when re-seeded onto culture dish. The chicken EG cells were injected into blastodermal layer at stage X and dorsal aorta of recipient embryo at stage 14 (incubation of 53hrs) and produced chimeric chickens with various differentiated tissues derived from the EG cells. The germline chimeras were also successfully induced by using EG cells. Thus, Chicken EG cells will be useful for the production of transgenic chickena and for studies of germ cell differentiation and genomic imprinting.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.369-375
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• 1999

Objective: To evaluate the effect of serum obtained before and after treatment for endometriosis on in vitro fertilization and development of two cell mouse embryo. Design: Pretreatment and posttreatment comparoson of fertilization of mouse oocyte and embryo development in serum supplement from patients with endometriosis; result were compared using Stuent T-test analysis. Method: Infertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collage of Medicine, Won kwang university, Korea. Patients was chosed eleven consecutive women with endometriosis. Interventions was all patient underwent laparoscopic or conservative surgery. This was followed by a 6-month course of burserelin acetate $900{\mu}g/d$. Main outcome was measured total number of fertilization and embryo that was fertilization after 24 hours and reached blastocyst stage after 72 hours of incubation were compared before and after treatment. Result: Before treatment, 47% of the oocyte were fertilized and 31% of the embryo reached blastocyst stage. After treatment, Significantly more fertilized and Significantly more embryo developed to blastocyst on the stage I and II of endometriosis. Conclusion: The fertilization and embryo toxicity of serum samples from patients with endometriosis is lost after treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 1997

To investigate the transformation characteristics of nitrogen and carbon from cow manure compost amended in soil under different moisture conditions, dynamics of nitrogen and carbon were determined periodically for 15 weeks of aerobic incubation at room temperature during July${\sim}$November, 1996. Cow manure compost matured with mixing saw dust was amended with the 4 ratios (0, 2, 4, 6%(wt/wt)) in Ap horizon soil, which collected from green house in Yesan, Chungnam. Moisture was controlled with 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 of mass water conte nt (${\theta}$m) to air dried soil, and water loss was compensated at every sampling. During incubation, soil pH was decreased continuously, that was caused by hydrogen generated from nitrification of ammonium nitrogen. And pH became higher with inclining cow manure compost amendment and water treatment, that meaned the increase of mineralization of organic-N to $NH_4\;^+-N$. Total nitrogen was reduced with increasing water content, but total carbon showed the contrast tendency with that of nitrogen. Therefore, C/N ratio slightly decreased in the low water condition (${\theta}$m 0.2) during incubation, but increased continuously in high water condition over ${\theta}$m 0.4. As a result, it was assumed that soil fertility is able to be reduced in the high water content over available water content. Nitrate transformation rate increased lasting in the low water content less than ${\theta}$m 0.3. Itdropped significantly in the first $2{\sim}3$ weeks of incubation over ${\theta}$m 0.4. In particular, nitrate was not detected in ${\theta}$m 0.5 of water content after the first $2{\sim}3$ weeks. In contrast, ammonium transformation was inclined with increasing water treatment. Nitrogen mineralization rate, which calculated with percentage ratio of (the sum of ex.$NH_4\;^+-N$ and $NO_3\;^--N$)/total nitrogen, was continuously increased in the low water content of ${\theta}$m 0.2 and 0.3. But it saw the different patterns in high water content over ${\theta}$m 0.4 that was drastically declined in the initial stage and then gradually inclined . From the above results, nitrogen transformation patterns differentiated decisively in water content between ${\theta}$m 0.3 and 0.4 in soil. Thus, it is very important for the maintain of suitable soil water content to enhance fertility of soil amended with manure compost. However, excess treatment of manure compost might enhance the possibility of contamination of small watershed and ground water around agricultural area.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

This study was accomplished to illuminate factors of contamination of microbes in the culture medium and effect of antibiotics on prevention of contamination in the medium when bovine follicular oocyte was matured, fertilized and developed in vitro. 1. When washed or unwashed semen diluted with TCM 199 was incubated for 24∼72hr, contamination was come out. 2. When diluted semen with TCM 199 which has penicillin, streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin or nystatin was incubated for 24∼72hr, contamination was not come out only in kanamycin. 3. When imported semen which was diluted in TCM 199 with penicillin, streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin or nystatin was incubated for 24∼72hr, contamination was not come out in all treatments. 4. When semen which was diluted in BO, CZB, Ham's F10 or TCM 199 was incubated for 24∼72hr, kanamycin showed no contamination in all treatments, but gentamycin showed contamination in CZB, Ham's F10 and TCM 199. 5. When the semen diluted in BO was moved at 24hr after incubation into BO and incubated for 72hr, contamination was not come out, but when it was moved into the TCM 199 and incubated for 72hr, contamination was come out at 48 to 72hr of incubation. 6. When the semen diluted in BO, BO＋BSA or BO＋FBS containing gentamycin, kanamycin or nystatin was incubated for 24∼72hr, the diluted semen in BO or BO＋BSA showed no contamination in all antibiotics but the diluted semen in BO＋FBS showed no contamination only in kanamycin. 7.The Pseudomonas cepacia, Serratia liquefaciens, Klebsiella pneumaniae was respectively isolated in the semen of A, B, and C bull and the microbes are highly affected by amikacin, tobramycin and kanamycin. 8. When bovine folicular oocyte was in vitro matured, fertilized and developed in the simple medium with kanamycin, 26.6% was developed to over 32cell stage embryo.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.61-64
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the management characteristics and growth performance of L. edodes from the cooling stage to incubation. Bags of different heights and weights are available for bagging. When the medium size of $17{\times}13cm$ was used and the size of the inoculation hole was changed from 1/3 to 2/3, the browning period was shortened to 30 days. Mycelial growth was evaluated according to the cooling temperature after sterilization. It was observed to be the highest at 122 mm/15 days at $10^{\circ}C$ and 114 mm/15 days and 117 mm/15 days at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The contamination rate of the sawdust media before inoculation was measured as 0, $4.5{\times}10$, $1.3{\times}10^2$, $4.0{\times}10^3cfu$ at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $24^{\circ}C$ respectively. The average of $1.6{\times}10^8$ colony forming units (cfu) of microorganisms was observed in the sawdust that had been piled for six months outdoors. In summer, the sawdust has to be used immediately after mixing. The sterilized medium had an average of $4{\times}10^3cfu$ of microorganisms at $24^{\circ}C$ and $1.3{\times}10^2cfu$ at $15^{\circ}C$. After 15 days of inoculation in vitro, the growth conditions of the sawdust was the best at 132 mm, followed by grain and liquid. When inoculated with liquid spawn, the moisture content of the substrate should be adjusted between 50% and 55% in advance.