• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2020

College students are the potential income classes preparing for income activities and are the main consumers of the future that are very important. In order to understand the current state of ginseng-related consumption culture of young consumers, this study wanted to examine university students' attitudes toward ginseng-related products and services in the future, and to find out their purchasing status, satisfaction, and intent to purchase them. In doing so, we looked at the relative influence of the relevant variables that affect the intent of the purchase. As a result, the variables that affect college student consumers' intention to purchase ginseng-related products were shown in the order of their reliability, economy, purchasing experience, subjective interest, monthly income, monthly allowance, pride in ginseng, and age. Of these, most of the variables had positive effects, but the average monthly income, monthly allowance, and age had negative effects. In other words, the higher the reliability, economy, and self-esteem of ginseng, the higher the willingness to buy ginseng, the higher the subjective interest in ginseng, the higher the age, the lower the monthly allowance, and the lower the income, the lower the willingness to buy ginseng. To promote college students' consumption of ginseng products, it is necessary to cut prices for the younger generation, enhance the quality of the products for the younger generation, improve the taste to overcome the negative aspects of rejecting the bitter and bitter taste, and, above all, induce consumers' attention. It is also necessary to expand accessibility through the development of convenient and easy-to-eat products for young people and the expansion of sales outlets. Recently, young consumers are interested in new products they have never experienced before, products that are good to certify because of their unique design or packaging, and retro products that stimulate nostalgia in the past, so they need to promote and provide information related to consumption of ginseng products in this regard. Considering the practicality and convenience of consumers, we propose consideration of personal consumers' taste curation services, which reflect their preference for products that are convenient to carry with them in line with various living environments, and can have synergy with other products.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.640-647
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• 2013

This study was conducted to provide exportation strategy by surveying on preference of Japanese consumers on cut chrysanthemum exported. The survey was conducted two times by a local survey company in Japan, and the surveys were conducted largely on chrysanthemums for casual flowers and the altar. After departmentalizing Japanese consumers per groups the result were analyzed through conjoint and cluster methods, flower colors and shape were used relatively higher rate for selection criteria of flowers in every group in the case of casual flowers. Group 1 comprised of 60 year-old housewives who reside in a small city with high school diploma and annual income less than 300 million yen, and group 2 of 40 year-old housewives who are small city residents with high school diplomas and annual income of 300 million yen show higher rate of use in flower shape than colors. Another group 3 whose members are 50 year-old housewives, small city residents with high school diplomas and annual income of 600 million yen showed higher rate of use colors than the shape for selection criteria of flowers. The consumption characteristics according to the ages of the consumers showed a pronounced tendency. The 40-50 year-old housewives preferred single flowers packed with other flowers, and the 60 year-old housewives double flowers packed with only chrysanthemums. In flower color, the 50-60 year-old housewives preferred white and yellow flowers, and the 40 year-old housewives pink and yellow flowers. Therefore, there are needs for development strategy of new products considering the consumption characteristics of flower shape and color according to the ages of consumer. After analyzing the chrysanthemums for altar by departmentalization of Japanese consumers, every group showed relative higher rate of use for flower shape for selection criteria of flowers. According to the analysis on the consumption characteristics, group 1 which is comprised of 30-40 year-old housewives who reside in small city with high school diplomas and income less than 300 million yen, and the group 2 of 20 year-old housewives who reside in small city with college diplomas and annual income less than 300 million yen. They are very sensitive to the price of the products while the group 3 of 50 year-old housewives who reside in small city with high school diplomas and annual income less than 300 million yen are insensitive to the price. The 30-50 year-old housewives preferred white and pink flowers, and the 20 year-old housewives yellow and pink flowers. In flower shape, the 50 year-old housewives preferred anemone shape, the 30-40 year-old housewives double shape, and the 20 year-old housewives pompon shapes. Therefore, the white, double flowers for the 30-40 year-old housewives and the yellow, pompon flowers for the 20 year-old housewives are needed to be created at the lowest cost, while the white, anemone flowers are needed to created at higher cost with high quality. In light of these results, it is considered that we should understand the types of purchasing products through consumption characteristics of Japanese consumers. Also we should plan, create market-oriented and consumer-oriented products, and should export them in order to expand more exportation.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.410-425
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• 2001

This study was designed to assess the waste management practices, source-reduction programs and related tasks in elementary school foodservice in Seoul. and Kyonggi Province Areas. A questionnaire mailed to 910 school foodservice managers in Seoul and Kyonggi province: a 202% (N=184) response rate was obtained. About 83.7% of school foodservice managers were responsible for managing solid waste. Most foodservice operations take the responsibility of food waste but not packaging wastes. The average disposal cost per month per person was about 19 won and income was about 35 won. Leftovers were mainly disposed with platewaste. Platewaste was reused for the livestook feed(68.0%), and some platewaste was composted(11.6%). Source reduction programs implemented in half of school foodservice operations were adjustment of portion size', checking the plate waste', 'working with classroom teachers on waste reduction campaign', 'providing information leaflet on food waste minimization', posting education materials, 'classroom instruction about food waste minimization', and 'improving cooking method. According to factor analysis based on importance rating. slid waste management activities of elementary school foodservice operations were divided to 7 dimensions such as communication and cooperation with others', 'employee training', 'product quality control, 'yield control', plate waste control', 'purchasing', and 'public relations'. As a result of Important-Performance Analysis(IPA), sine dimensions such as 'communication and cooperation with others' and 'plate waste control were identified in Focus Here' quardrant area which need more enhanced performance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.685-693
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• 2015

In this study, we found that it is necessary to use the relatively new resource from seaweed extracts to extract and process pulp and create a local brand that can contribute to the local fishermen, development of new bio material, establishment of natural infrastructure, and acquisition of foreign investment. This study's seaweed pulp separation process is very overwhelming as seaweed is a compound of glycoside and polysaccharide. Nevertheless, we intend to develop a purification process and introduce applied technology to explore a new applied technology of pulp process. Once this technology is fully developed and mass produced, it would contribute to greater exports and increasing income level for the local fishermen. The ultimate goal of this study is to gather technical data from the first and second years of application, apply seaweed pulp to increase bio effect, and develop new functional bio-plastic packaging material, raw material, and samples with special characteristics of high molecules.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.491-496
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• 2012

Vegetable seeds are one of the most important key factors to determine the way of vegetable's production, distribution, processing and storage. Unfortunately, because of international exchange crisis in 1997, the most of main Korean seed companies were merged into foreign capitals. Currently, many domestic seed companies are incapable of their own survey and development of vegetable seed markets in foreign countries. To provide valuable seed market information for these companies, China, especially Yunnan and Guangdong provinces in China, was selected. Since China is one of the major vegetable seed importers. Also, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces are the most promising targets to export Korean vegetable seeds. The current status of vegetable production in China was analyzed with consideration of Yunnan and Guangdong provinces. The contents of survey and analysis are covering major vegetable crops' cultivation area, farm number, cultivation type, production amount, market price, farm income, packaging method, distribution type and amount of seed consumption. And particularly, major horticultural characteristics of leading varieties were presented to assist the development of exportable varieties of domestic seed companies. We assume the results of this study would be practically usable for the development of exportable varieties.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.141-149
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• 2021

The cultivation area for domestic cabbage increased by 26.3% from 10,968 ha in 2019 to 13,854 ha in 2020, and among leafy vegetables, the cabbage cultivation area was 62%, and production was 78.9%. Demand for field crop production of cabbage, which has a relatively high-income level compared to rice farming, is increasing, and mechanization of the field operation is urgently needed due to the insufficient development of related farming machinery. In this study, a prototype fabrication and performance test of a tractor-attached cabbage collector was carried out. The transport section was divided into two parts, one for the feeding and transportation and the other for the screening and packaging to selectively collect cabbages in bulk bags or boxes. The length of the primary collecting conveyor was designed to meet the field conditions of the Korean cabbage cultivation standards so that six cultivation rows could be worked simultaneously. Power was controlled by a hydraulic transmission line of the tractor and was easily mounted onto the 3-point hitch links behind the tractor. When the performance was evaluated, the transfer rate, loss rate, damage rate, and work performance were 100, 0, 1.2%, and 1.9 h·10 a^-1. Final improvement and commercialization of the prototype would considerably contribute to the mechanization of harvesting cabbage, the main ingredient of Kimchi.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.529-538
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to measure customers' cognition and overall satisfaction, and to identify relatively important attributes for the overall satisfaction, of home-delivered meals. Questionnaires were distributed to 243 customers. The statistical data analyses were completed by x$^2$-tests, ANOV A, factor analysis, reliability analysis and regression analysis using SPSS version 10. 56.6% of customers get obtained information from the internet, with 31.3% of these using this method at least once a week, but 72.9% of customers used this method less than once per years. The major reasons for ordering home-delivered meals were tired of cooking, more economical and no time to cook. The results were significantly different in relation to age, occupation and monthly income. The major reasons for hesitation about ordering home-delivered meals were meals should be prepared in households, not sanitary and the use of too many artificial flavors. The results for this factor were significantly different in relation to gender, age and monthly income(p<0.01). The most preferred kinds of home-delivery meals were Korean soup (guk), stew, soup (tang), speciality dishes and party dishes. The customer's cognition of kindness of the delivery staff was highest, with food temperature being the lowest among the options. The food and service level factors were derived from a factor based analysis of customer's cognition towards home-delivered meals. The customer's cognition of food taste, food quantity, kindness of delivery staff and packaging container shape were significantly different according to the use frequency and use period. The packaging method, sanitation, kindness of delivery staff, price and taste were the most relatively important attributes for overall satisfaction with home-delivered meals.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.457-463
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• 2014

This study was carried out to find out major factors to mitigate carbon emission using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). System boundary of LCA was confined from sowing to packaging during vegetable production. Input amount of agri-materials was calculated on 2007 Income reference of white radish, chinese cabbage and chive produced at open field and film house published by Rural Development Administration. Domestic data and Ecoinvent data were used for emission factors of each agri-material based on the 1996 IPCC guideline. Carbon footprint of white radish was 0.19 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at open fields, 0.133 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at film house, that of chinese cabbage was 0.22 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at open fields, 0.19 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at film house, and that of chive was 0.66 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at open fields and 1.04 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at film house. The high carbon footprint of chive was related to lower vegetable production and higher fuel usage as compared to white radish and Chinese cabbage. The mean proportion of carbon emission was 35.7% during the manufacturing byproduct fertilizer; white radish at open fields was 50.6%, white radish at film house 13.1%, Chinese cabbage at outdoor 38.4%, Chinese cabbage at film house 34.0%, chive at outdoor 50.6%, and chive at film house 36.0%. Carbon emission, on average, for the step of manufacturing and combustion accounted for 16.1% of the total emission; white radish at open fields was 4.3%, white radish at film house 15.6%, Chinese cabbage at open fields 6.9%, Chinese cabbage at film house 19.0%, chive at open fields 12.5%, and chive at film house 29.1%. On the while, mean proportion of carbon footprint for the step of $N_2O$ emission was 29.2%; white radish at open fields was 39.2%, white radish at film house 41.9%, Chinese cabbage at open fields 34.4%, Chinese cabbage at film house 23.1%, chive at open fields 28.8%, and chive at film house 17.1%. Fertilizer was the primary factor and fuel was the secondary factor for carbon emission among the vegetables of this study. It was suggested to use Heug-To-Ram web-service system, http://soil.rda.go.kr, for the scientific fertilization based on soil testing, and for increase of energy efficiency to produce low carbon vegetable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.51-64
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• 2001

The qualities including taste of sweetpotato stored during the winter which can display in the spring market in Korea are affected by availability of storage for the roots. In order to make high storage availability of sweetpotato, the postharvest handlings should be done thoroughly from the moment of harvest until shipping them to the market. A lot of procedures that must be handled carefully for improving postharvest management are as follows; digging, trimming, gathering, putting in storage containers, carrying them from field to house, curing, storing, washing, drying, selecting marketable roots, packing and shipping to the market, etc.. Sweetpotatoes have a high moisture content, and a relatively thin and delicate skin, and are sensitive to chilling, so careless postharvest handling can lead to both quantitative and qualitative losses which may be extremely high in some circumstances. From now on research has concentrated on the improvement of postharvest conditions to increase yield and lower disease rates. Storage, which makes sweetpotatoes available through out the year, benefits both the producer and the consumer. Seven very important points must be needed in order to get the best quality marketable roots in the storing of sweetpotatos : $\circled1$The storage house must be clean and sanitary, $\circled2$The crop must be harvested before the first frost to avoid low-temperature injury, $\circled3$Particular care must be taken to avoid cutting, bruising, or other injuries of the sweetpotatoes during digging, picking up, grading, placing in containers, and moving to the storage house, $\circled4$Select sound, disease-free roots for storage $\circled5$Sweetpotatoes should be stored in properly stacked containers $\circled6$Cure immediately after harvest, preferably at 32∼33$^{\circ}C$ and 90 to 95 percent relative humidity for 4 to 7 days, After curing the temperature should be reduced to 13$^{\circ}C$ to 16$^{\circ}C$ by ventilating the storage with outside air. $\circled7$Store at 12$^{\circ}C$ to 14$^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 80 to 85 percent. Storage houses should be located on suitable sites and should be tightly constructed and insulated so that temperature and humidity will be uniform. Sweetpotatoes are usually not washed and graded, and lately sometimes washed, graded, waxed, before being shipped to market. Consumer packaging of sweetpotatoes in paper boxes(10-15kg) or film bags is done mainly to aid marketing. The shelf life of washed roots in consumer packs in only 1 to 2 weeks. Weight loss of roots during marketing is much less in perforated film bags than in mesh and paper bags. Perforation of 0.8 to 1kg polyethylene bags with about six 6mm holes is essential ; to lower the internal relative humidity and avoid excessive sprouting, rooting, and dampness. Development and use of better postharvest handling with good storage facilities or marketing methods can minimize sweetpotate losses and has an effect of indirectly increasing productivity and farmer’s income.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Understanding muslim consumers' needs and behaviour is an essential process for strategic product development in the Halal food market. For our study on Indonesian consumers of Halal food, we conduct a survey of 200 Muslims residing in Indonesia on awareness of ginseng (G) and red ginseng (RG) products, eating experience, like or dislike reasons, cognitive level on the efficacy of G and RG products, purchase behaviors, satisfaction and repurchase intention through a web-based questionnaire methodology. This study reveals that 58 % and 51% of the participants indicate an awareness of G and RG products. In particular, awareness amongst medium- and high-income male consumers in their 20s and 30s is relatively high. This group of participants is also more likely to consume eat G and RG products for health promotion, refreshment, and disease prevention, and positively evaluated product efficacy. They are also aware of the efficacy claims of these products with regard to enhancement of immunity, fatigue, and stamina. While Indonesian Muslim consumers express satisfaction with the health claims, packaging specifications, and design of the products, they are dissatisfied with product types, price, taste, and aroma. The results also found that participants would recommend G and RG products to acquaintances, and are willing to purchase them in the future. Therefore, the segmentation of Halal-certified G and RG products for Muslim consumers and analysis on their product needs could be advantageous for strategic product development.