• 지구물리
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.169-178
• /
• 1999

하동-산청지역의 회장암질암에 대한 대자율 비등방성(AMS: anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) 연구를 실시한 결과 5개 지점에서 지구조적 응력에 의한 자기적 엽리구조가, 6개 지점에서 흐름에 의한 자기적 선구조가 판별되었다. 자기적 엽리구조는 NW-SE방향의 압축력을 지시하며, 이는 회장암이 형성된 후, 후차적으로 작용되었던 것으로 판단된다. 이는 회장암질암 주변의 편마암류에서도 NE-SW방향의 엽리가 나타나는 사실로도 설명된다. 즉, 이들 변성암에 작용하였던 압축력은 회장암질암에도 함께 작용하였던 것이다. 등온잔류자기(IRM) 획득실험 결과, 이들 자기적 구조가 관찰되는 지점들에서의 주자성광물은 티탄자철석계열 광물이며, 일부 시료에는 소량의 적철석이 포함되어 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 1998년도 터널.암반역학위원회 박사학위 논문집
• /
• pp.83-114
• /
• 1998

The most widely accepted method for understanding the deformation mechanism of rock is from the use of computer simulation. However, if the changes in rock properties after excavation are significant this will prevent the computer simulation kent predicting the deformation with acceptable accuracy. If the deformations are, however, carefully measured in situ, the resulting data can be more useful far predicting the deformational behavior of underground openings, since the effect of the parameters which influence the deformational behavior are included in the measurement. In this study, extensive data analyses were carried out using the deformation measurements from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), which is a permanent nuclear waste repository The results from computer simulations were compared with field measurements to evaluate the assumptions used in the computer simulations, For better description of the deformational behavior around underground excavations, several techniques were developed, namely: (a) the calculation of the zero strain boundary; (b) the evaluation of the influence of adjacent excavations on the deformational behavior of pre-excavated openings; (c) the description of the deformational behavior using in situ measurements; (d) the calculation of the shear stress distribution; and (e) the application of a Neural Network for the prediction of opening deformation.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제23권A호
• /
• pp.69-81
• /
• 2003

Numerical analysis is important for the design, construction and maintenance of large caverns. The rock mass contains generally discontinuities such as faults, joints and fissures. The mechanical behavior and geometric characteristics of these discontinuities would have a significant impact on the stability of the caverns. In this research the Distinct Element Method(DEM) was used to analyze the structural stability of the large cavern. The Barton-Bandis Joint Model (B-B J.M) was used as a constitutive model for the joint. In addition, two different cases 1) analysis with a support system and 2) analysis with no support system, were analyzed to optimize a support system and to investigate reinforcing effects of a support system. The most significant parameters of in-situ stress, JRC of in-situ natural joints, and spatial distribution characteristics of discontinuities were acquired through field investigation. Displacement (horizontal, joint shear), maximum joint opening, maximum and minimum principal stresses, range of relaxed zone, rockbolt axial forces and shotcrete stresses were calculated at each excavation stage. As a result of analysis the calculated values proved to be under the allowable value Rockbolts also proved to be an efficient support measure to control joint shear displacement which had significant effects on extending the relaxed zone. As a consequence, the structural stability of the cavern was assured with an appropriate support system.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 1998년도 터널.암반역학위원회 박사학위 논문집
• /
• pp.153-204
• /
• 1998

Prediction of lining loads due to tunnelling is one of the major issues to be addressed in the design of a tunnel. The objective of this study is to investigate rational and realistic design loads on tunnel linings. factors influencing the lining load are summarized and discussed. The instruments for measuring the lining loads are reviewed and discussed because field measurements are often necessary to verify the design methods. Tunnel construction in the City of Edmonton has been very active for storm and sanitary purposes. Since the early 1970's, the city has also been developing an underground Light Rail Transit system. The load measurements obtained from these tunnels are compared with the results from the existing design methods. However, none of the existing methods are totally satisfactory, Therefore, there is some room for improvement in the prediction of lining loads. The convergence-confinement method is reviewed and applied to a case history of a tunnel in Edmonton. The convergence curves are obtained from 2-D finite element analyses using three different material models and theoretical equations. The limitation of the convergence-confinement method is discussed by comparing these curves with the field measurements. Three-dimensional finite element analyses are performed to gain a better understanding of stress and displacement behaviour near the tunnel face. An improved design method is proposed based on the review of existing design methods and the performance of numerical analyses. A specific method or combination of two different methods is suggested for the estimation of lining loads for different conditions of tunnelling. A method to determine the stress reduction factor is described. Typical values of dimensionless load factors nD/H for tunnels in Edmonton are obtained from parametric analyses. Finally, the loads calculated using the proposed method are compared with field measurements collected from various tunnels in terms of soil types and construction methods to verify the method. The proposed method gives a reasonable approximation of the lining loads. The proposed method is recommended as an approximate guideline for the design of tunnels, but the results should be confirmed by field measurements due to the uncertainties of the ground and lining properties and the construction procedures, This is the reason that in-situ monitoring should be an integral part of the design procedure.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.534-543
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 호주 남동부 지역 Otway 산맥 일대에서 확인되는 신기 지체구조 운동의 성격과 매커니즘을 규명하기 위해 현상적 융기 패턴과 중력이상 및 현생 응력 체계 등의 지구물리 자료간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. Otway 산맥의 융기축은 높은 중력값을 보이는 지역과 일치하는 반면 주변의 두꺼운 제3기 퇴적층 지역은 낮은 중력값을 보이는 지역과 일치하고 있어 높은 중력값의 이상 구간은 제3기 퇴적층 지역에 의해 구분되는 형태를 보여주고 있다. 한편 단층, 습곡 활동으로 특징되는 연구 지역 일대의 지질 구조 및 분포 패턴은 호주 남동부 지역의 현생 응력 체계와 잘 일치한다. 지형 고도와 중력 간의 양의 상관관계는 가설적으로 연구 지역 일대의 융기 운동이 대규모($10^2$ km 대)의 암석권 휨 현상에 의해 발생하고 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 판 경계 응력에 의한 암석권 내 기존 약대들의 재활성화는 이러한 대규모 변형 양식에 있어 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.595-609
• /
• 2017

Due to high in-situ stress and brittleness of rock mass, the surrounding rock masses of underground caverns are prone to appear splitting failure. In this paper, a kind of loading-unloading variable elastic modulus model has been initially proposed and developed based on energy dissipation principle, and the stress state of elements has been determined by a splitting failure criterion. Then the underground caverns of Dagangshan hydropower station is analyzed using the above model. For comparing with the monitoring results, the entire process of rock splitting failure has been achieved through monitoring the splitting failure on side walls of large-scale caverns in Dagangshan via borehole TV, micro-meter and deformation resistivity instrument. It shows that the maximum depth of splitting area in the downstream sidewall of the main power house is approximately 14 m, which is close to the numerical results, about 12.5 m based on the energy dissipation model. As monitoring result, the calculation indicates that the key point displacement of caverns decreases firstly with the distance from main powerhouse downstream side wall rising, and then increases, because this area gets close to the side wall of main transformer house and another smaller splitting zone formed here. Therefore it is concluded that the energy dissipation model can preferably present deformation and fracture zones in engineering, and be very useful for similar projects.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.107-123
• /
• 2024

The drilling angle of the well is an important factor that can affect the sand production process and make its destructive effects more severe or weaker. This study investigated the effect of different well angles on sand production for the Asmari Formation, located in one of the oil fields southwest of Iran. For this purpose, a finite difference model was developed for three types of vertical (90°), inclined (45°), and horizontal (0°) wells with casing and perforations in the direction of minimum and maximum horizontal stresses, then coupled with fluid flow. Here, finite element meshing was used, because the geometry of the model is so complex and the implementation of finite difference meshes is impossible or very difficult for such models. Using a combined FDM-FEM model with fluid flow, the sand production process in three different modes with different flow rates for the Asmari sandstone was investigated in this study. The results of numerical models show that the intensity of sand production is directly related to the in-situ stress state of the oil field and well drilling angle. Since the stress regime in the studied oil field is normal, the highest amount of produced sand was in inclined wells (especially wells drilled in the direction of minimum horizontal stress) and the lowest amount of sand production was related to vertical wellbore. Also, the Initiation time of sand production in inclined wells was much shorter than in other wellbores.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.136-145
• /
• 2011

준설매립후 연직배수공법을 적용하여 지반개량을 수행하는 대규모 국가산업단지 조성 프로젝트를 대상으로, 각 심도별 채취된 불교란 시료를 이용하여 물리즉 특성 및 압밀 특성 등을 분석하기 위한 실내시험을 실시하였으며, 수평 압밀계수 및 현장 초기 응력 산정을 위한 콘 관입 및 소산시험을 수행하였다. 지층을 구성하고 있는 하부의 원지반 점토층과 상부의 준설 매립층은 유사한 해성점토로 구성되어 있으나, 초기 간극비와 초기 함수비, 초기 응력상태, 방향별 투수성과 압축성 등의 압밀특성에 있어서는 시간경과에 따른 압밀거동에 있어 매우 큰 차이를 보이는 다층 지반의 특성을 띠고 있다. 압밀과 관련된 응력이력이 다른 두지층의 초기응력을 산정하기 위하여 콘 관입시험 및 소산시험시의 간극수압 측정결과를 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 압밀이 진행중인 하부 원지반 점토층에서의 매립하중과 상부 성토에 의한 각 심도별 과잉간극수압 분포 및 이를 통한 초기응력을 산정할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 1992

Flat DMT는 널리 사용되어지고 있는 현장시험기구로서 간단하고, 경제적이면서도 다양한 지반의 응력-변형-강도특성을 추정할 수 있으나, 이들 현장시험의 결과들은 지역적 특성에 의존하는 경향이 있기 때문에 기준값과 비교하여 많은 연구와 검증을 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 제안된 상관관계식의 우리나라 점토지반에 대한 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 FV 및 CPT의 현장시험을 실시하고, thin-walled tube sampler로 채취된 시료에 대한 비압밀비배수(UU) 실험. oedometer 실험 및 다른 기본적인 물성실험을 수행하여 DMT의 결과들 쏙 비교하였다. 세 장소의 점토지반에서 구한 DMT 결과들로부터 흙의 종류, 단위중량, 정지토 압계수, 과압밀비, 비배수 전단강도 및 변형계수를 추정하였으며 다른 시험결과들과 비교분석하여 우리나라 점토 지반에 대한 적용성을 검토하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2014

재료시험의 주 목적은 작용되는 하중과 기후조건을 포함하여 현장조건과 가급적으로 유사한 조건하에서 모사하는 것이다. 또한 시험법은 쉽고 저렴하며 시험을 수행하기 간단하며 시험결과가 효율적 이어서 많은 기관에서 표준시험법으로 수용할 수 있어야한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 내용에 근거하여 새로운 시험법인 구속응력을 가진 반복 축 하중시험이 아스팔트 콘크리트 혼합물의 소성변형 시험으로 개발되었다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 소성변형 시험은 다양한 구조해석과 현장 데이터의 분석을 근거로 개발되었다. 본 아스팔트 콘크리트의 소성변형 시험법에서는 포장의 깊이에 따라 3가지 범주로 분류 하였다. 각 범주마다 다른 온도와 수직응력을 적용하여 시험을 수행하였다.