• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 1997

In the previous study(6), we constructed the CheY-OmpR hybrid, Chp, which affects the expressions of ompF and om pC genes. Here we further characterize these effects and present the regulatory mechanism based on in vivo and in vitro data. Although Chp retained the sequence-specific DNA-binding ability, it was not possible to enhance transcriptional activity, suggesting that it may act as a competitive inhibitor to OmpR. The DNA-binding affinity of Chp was not modulated by phosphorylation of its Che Y portion. Chp was able to increase ompR transcription. FurthemlOre, it was found that the wild-type OmpR also exerts the same effect, which is also eOlltrolled by changes in medium osmolarity and in EnvZ activity.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 1994

By in vivo labelling of AMHP using[35S]-methionine, fat body culture and immunological analysis, it is proved that Bombyx adult fat body synthesizes 18K and 20K subunits of AMHP and releases them into haemolymph. Also these peptides are assembled to form native AMHP in the adult haemolymph.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3057-3062
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• 2013

Background: Selecting chemotherapy regimens guided by chemosensitivity tests can provide individualized therapies for cancer patients. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay is one in vitro assay which has become widely used to evaluate the sensitivity to anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical applicability and accuracy of MTS assay for predicting chemotherapeutic response in unresectable NSCLC patients. Methods: Cancer cells were isolated from malignant pleural effusions of patients by density gradient centrifugation, and their sensitivity to eight chemotherapeutic agents was examined by MTS assay and compared with clinical response. Results: A total of 37 patients participated in this study, and MTS assay produced results successfully in 34 patients (91.9%). The sensitivity rates ranged from 8.8% to 88.2%. Twenty-four of 34 patients who received chemotherapy were evaluated for in vitro-in vivo response analysis. The correlation between in vitro chemosensitivity result and in vivo response was highly significant (P=0.003), and the total predictive accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for MTS assay were 87.5%, 94.1%, 71.4%, 88.9%, and 83.3%, respectively. The in vitro sensitivity for CDDP also showed a significant correlation with in vivo response (P=0.018, r=0.522). Conclusion: MTS assay is a preferable in vitro chemosensitivity assay that could be use to predict the response to chemotherapy and select the appropriate chemotherapy regimens for unresectable NSCLC patients, which could greatly improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce unnecessary adverse effects.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2006

The cardiovascular drug nifedipine exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against 331 strains of bacteria belonging to three Gram-positive and twelve Gram-negative genera. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug, as determined both by agar and broth dilution methods, was seen to range from $25\;-\;200\;{\mu}g/ml$ against most test bacteria, including several pathogenic ones, in the in vitro studies. Nifedipine was bacteriostatic in action. in vivo studies with this drug showed that it could offer statistically significant protection (P < 0.001) to mice challenged with a virulent bacterium. Therefore, nifedipine has the potential of an antibacterial agent, which may be developed after further pharmacological studies.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.638-644
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• 2023

Background: The anti-platelet activity of the saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng has been widely studied. The saponin fraction consists of the panaxadiol fraction (PDF) and panaxatriol fraction (PTF); however, their anti-platelet activity is yet to be compared. Our study aimed to investigate the potency of anti-platelet activity of PDF and PTF and to elucidate how well they retain their anti-platelet activity via different administration routes. Methods: For ex vivo studies, Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered 250 mg/kg PDF and PTF for 7 consecutive days before blood collection via cardiac puncture. Platelet aggregation was conducted after isolation of the washed platelets. For in vitro studies, washed platelets were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats. Collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were used to induce platelet aggregation. Collagen was used as an agonist for assaying adenosine triphosphate release, thromboxane B2, serotonin, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) release. Results: When treated ex vivo, PDF not only inhibited ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but also upregulated cGMP levels and reduced platelet adhesion to fibronectin. Furthermore, it also inhibited Akt phosphorylation induced by collagen treatment. Panaxadiol fraction did not exert any antiplatelet activity in vitro, whereas PTF exhibited potent anti-platelet activity, inhibiting ADP, collagen, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, but significantly elevated levels of cGMP. Conclusion: Our study showed that in vitro and ex vivo PDF and PTF treatments exhibited different potency levels, indicating possible metabolic conversions of ginsenosides, which altered the content of ginsenosides capable of preventing platelet aggregation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.244-251
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• 2001

Over half of all biologically active peptide and peptide hormones are $\alpha$-amidated at their C-terminus, which is essential for their full biological activities. Amidation is accomplished through the sequential reaction of the two enzymes encoded by the single bifunctional, peptidyl-glycine $\alpha$-amidating monooxygenase (PAM or an $\alpha$-amidating enzyme). PAM catalyze the forma - tion of a peptide amide from peptide precursors that include a C-terminal glycine, and requires copper molecular oxygen and ascorbate. PAM is the only enzyme that produces peptide amides in vivo. However various strategies utilizing PAM, carboxypeptidase-Y enzymes, and chemical syn-thesis have been developed for producing peptide amides in vitro. The growing need and impor-tance of peptide amide drugs has highlighted the necessity for a efficient in vitro amidating sys-tem for industrial application for the production of peptide hormones, like calcitonin and oxytocin. This review presents the current situation regarding amidation with a special emphasis on the in-dustrial production or peptide hormones.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1186-1196
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aims to analyze recent research on the pharmacological effects of Zingiber officinale. Methods: We searched for papers from databases such as ScienceON, RISS, DBPia, and NaNet. The papers were classified according to pharmacological effects, and the selected studies were analyzed. Results: Six studies were finally included in the study. 1. Four studies mainly focused on the effects of anti-inflammation using in vitro or in vivo experiments. 2. Two studies mainly focused on the effects of antioxidants using in vitro experiments. 3. Other pharmacological effects, including improvement of gastrointestinal function, inhibition of body temperature reduction, and anti-aging, were investigated using in vitro or in vivo studies. Conclusion: This study shows that Z. officinale has several pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammation and antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 1993

These experiments were carried out to investigate whether zona hardening affect the efficiency of in vitro fertilization in mouse oocytes. The soluble properties for zona pellucida of oocytes matured in vivo, aged oocytes, and ovarian oocytes matured in vitro have been analyzed with proteolytic enzyme, 3mg/ml of $\alpha$-chymotrypsin. The mean solubility(t50) for the zona of unfertilized oocytes, oocytes not fertilized at the first inseminati and in vitro produced zygotes were 10.1, 20.3 and 32.3min., respectively. The t50 for zona lysis of fertilized oocytes was significantly difference than those observed for unfertilized oocytes and oocytes not fertilized at the first insemination(P<0.01). In addition, the t50 of zona in ovulated oocytes with and without cumulus cells incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hr in vitro, t50 were 13.9, 11.1, 20.7 and 28.0min., and 22.3, 21.0, 30.0 and 33.5min., respectively. In these experiments, the zona pellucida showed a gradual increase in resistance to dissolution by $\alpha$-chyjotrypsin with in vitro aging for more than 6 hrs. This effect was greater in cumulus-free as compared to cumulus-intact oocytes. Finally, in cumulus-intact and cumulus-free ovarian oocytes matured for 0, 5, 10 and 15 hr in vitro the t50 of zona pellucida were 3.0, 10.6, 18.4 and 24.5 min., and 3.0, 14.0, 26.2 and 32.0 min., respectively. Clear differences in solubility between the zona pellucida of oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro. This data were found suggest that under in vitro conditions there is a gradual change in the soluble properties of the zona pellucida, particularly in the absence of the cumulus cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.146-146
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• 2002

The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay was used to clarify in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of 2-bromopropane (2-BP). For in vitro studies, fresh medium containing 2-BP (2.50, 1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 mM, and vehicle control) were added in human lymphocytes.(omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2013

This study was performed to analyze in vitro and in vivo activities of LCB01-0183, a new oxazolidinone, against clinical isolates of bacteria. In vitro antibacterial activity of LCB01-0183 was tested by the two fold agar dilution method. In vivo activity of LCB01-0183 was determined against systemic infections in mice. LCB01-0183 showed most potent activity among the test compounds against clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the protective activity of LCB01-0183 was very effective against systemic infections in mice by oral or subcutaneous administration. In time kill study, LCB01-0183 showed a bacteriostatic activity during 24 hours. LCB01-0183 had potent in vitro and in vivo activity against Gram-positive bacteria including drug-resistant strains.