• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1604-1609
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• 2003

A metabolism trial with four ruminally fistulated sheep was conducted in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to examine the effect of concentrate to roughage ratio (70:30 vs. 85:15) and oil source (soybean oil vs. rapeseed oil) on the ruminal fermentation pattern and $C_{18}$-fatty acids composition including trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (trans11-ODA) and cis9, trans11-18:2 (cis9, trans11-CLA) in the rumen fluid and plasma. Oil was added to the concentrate at 5% level of the total diet (DM basis) and chopped rye grass hay was fed as roughage. An increased level of concentrate (85%) within supplemented oil slightly lowered pH but increased ammonia concentration. Supplementation of rapeseed oil relatively increased pH and ammonia concentration. Higher concentrate level resulted in increased tendencies of total VFA concentration while oil source did not affect the total VFA concentration and VFA proportion. Whole tract digestibilities of DM, CP, EE, NDF and OM in diets slightly increased at higher concentrate level. Proportions of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) in the rumen fluid were influenced by the fatty acid composition of oil source but oil source did not affect the in vitro formations of trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA. Slightly increased trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA proportions, however, were observed from the sheep fed high roughage diet supplemented with both soybean oil and rapeseed oil. The $C_{18:1}$ and $C_{18:2}$ composition in supplemented oils responded to those in plasma of sheep. Effects of concentrate to roughage ratio and oil source on trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA proportions in plasma were found to be small. Proportion of cis9, trans11-CLA in plasma tended to be increased from the sheep fed high roughage diet and collection time at 9h post feeding.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 1996

패모의 조직배양에 있어서 대량 증식의 효율을 높이기 위하여 LS배지에 2, 4-D와 kinetin, NAA와 BA를 단독 또는 혼용처리에 의한 자구(子球)의 수 및 비대(肥大) 정도(程度), 부정아(不定芽)의 수(數) 및 크기, 캘러스 유기율 뿌리의 발생율, 암배양과 명배양의 차이, 캘러스로부터 식물체 재분화, 배지 지지물이 자구(子球)의 식물체분화에 미치는 영향 등을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 인편(鱗片) 조직의 배양에서 자구(子球) 형성을 NAA와 BA의 처리구보다 2, 4-D와 kinetin의 처리구에서 양호하였고, 부정아(不定芽)의 수는 2, 4-D 2 mg/L과 kinetin 1 mg/L 처리구에서 많았으며, 캘러스 형성은 kinetin 처리와는 관계없이 2, 4-D 농도가 $1{\sim}2\;mg/L$인 단독 처리구에서, 뿌리의 발생은 NAA $1{\sim}3\;mg/L$의 단독처리구에서 생장이 양호하였다. 2. 절조직(節組織)에서는 kinetin 5 mg/L를 첨가하였을 때 자구(子球) 형성율이 가장 높았으며, 절(節) 부분의 액아(腋芽)에서 자구(子球)가 출현하였다. 3. 암배양보다 16시간 명배양이 인편(鱗片)의 자구(子球), shoot, 캘러스 및 뿌리를 형성하는데 효과적이었다. 4. 식물체 재분화는 2, 4-D 0. 2 mg/L과 kinetin 1 mg/L 처리구에서 양호하였으며, 생장조절 물질을 첨가하지 않은 배지에서 식물체의 크기 및 뿌리의 형성이 양호하였다. 5. 배지 지지물은 phytagel이 한천(寒天)보다 shoot의 수 및 크기에서 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.769-786
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• 1998

The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells and to compare the bone healing ability of rat calvarial defects between the control group and the safflower seed extract treated group. Osteoblastic cells were obtained from calvariae of a fetal rat. Cells were cultured containing DMEM and safflower seed extract ($10^{-6}g/ml$, $10^{-3}g/ml$) at $37^{\circ}$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity for 3 days. MTT was performed to examine the viability of the cells, and alkaline phosphatase activity was analyzed to examine the mineralization in vitro. Rat calvarial defects($5{\times}5mm$) in 250g Sprague-Dawly were made using round bur. Rats were administrated with safflower seed extract(0.35g/kg/day) for experimental periods. Calvarial defects were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically at 1,4, and 8 weeks. High concentration group($10^{-3}g/ml$) of safflower seed extract significantly increased in the cell proliferation and alkaline phos phatase synthesis in osteoblastic cells. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and osteoclastic activities were decreased in the safflower seed extract treated group as compared with control group. Bone maturation was accelerated in the safflower seed extract treated group as compared to control group. No difference in osteoinductive process was observed between the control and the safflower seed extract treated group. Immunohistochemical observation revealed that protein expression of TGF-$\beta$and osteonectin during early healing phase in the safflower seed extract treated group was slightly increased as compared to control group. These results indicate that safflower seed extract promotes the healing process in bony defect of rat calvariae, and retains a potential applicability as an adjuvant therapeutic modality for regeneration of periodontal bony defect.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

본 시험은 호밀과 보리의 혼파에 의해 수량성과 품질이 높은 조사료 생산방법을 강구하고자 2004년 9월부터 2007년 6월까지 충남대학교 생명과학대학 내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 시험 재료는 청예용 호밀인 Koolgrazer와 대면보리였으며, 시험구 배치는 호밀 100%, 호밀 60+보리 40%, 호밀 50+보리 50% 및 호밀 40+보리 60% 등 호밀과 보리의 혼파비율을 4수준으로 하는 난괴법 3반복으로 시험하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 3년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 호밀 100%구가 9,282 kg으로 가장 높았고 보리의 파종비율이 높아질수록 건물수량은 반대로 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다(p<0.05). 식생비율은 보리의 파종비율이 각각 40%, 50% 및 60%로 높아짐에 따라 보리의 식생비율은 각각 30%, 41% 및 47%로 높아졌으나 파종비율 대비 보리의 식생비율은 그리 높지 못한 결과를 가져왔다. 조단백질 함량과 건물소화율은 호밀 100%구에 비하여 보리의 파종비율이 높아질수록 높아졌던 반면에 NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 liglin 함량은 낮아지는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). ha당 조단백질 수량과 가소화건물 수량은 호밀 100%구에 비하여 보리를 혼파한 모든 처리 구에서 낮은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 따라서 대전지역에서 호밀과 보리를 혼파하여 이용할 경우, 청예용 보리의 다수확품종 보급이 선행되지 않고는 건물수량과 CPDM 및 DDM수량을 높이는 데는 어려움이 클 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2001

본 연구는 수정란이식기법에 의해 우량 한우 송아지를 대량 생산할 수 있는 기반조성을 위한 한우 수정란이식 최적모델을 개발하기 위해 실시되었다. 본 시험에 공시된 수정란은 우량한 한우의 체내수정란 및 체외수정란을 생산하여 좋은 배반포 수정란을 신선 혹은 동결란 상태로 이식에 공시하였다. 수란우는 정상 발정주기를 가진 경산우로 CIDR을 이용하여 발정을 동기화 하였고 이식시 직장검사로 황체의 크기를 검사하고 초음파진단기로 황체의 구조를 조사하여 정상인 개체에 수정란을 이식하였다. 수란우의 최적 선정조건을 구명하고자 혈중 호르몬 및 대사물질을 분석하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 총 397두의 수란우에 수정란을 이식하여 121두가 임신하여 평균 30.5%의 수태율을 얻었다. 2. 수란우의 황체의 크기 및 황체내 강 형성 유무와 수태율간에는 차이가 없었으나 혈중progesterone 수준을 분석해 본 결과, progesterone 수준이 2.0ng/$m\ell$ 이상일 경우 수태율이 46.6%로 높게 나타났다. 3. 수란우의 혈중 Total cholesterol은 90~110mg/dl, BUN은 14~16mg/dl, Glucose 수준은 70~80mg/dl에서 가장 높은 수태율을 나타내어 이들 혈중 대사물질이 수태율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.520-530
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• 2006

Undifferentiated mesencymal stem cells(UMSCs) have been thought to be multipotent cells that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate into lineages of mesenchymal tissue including the bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. It can be used to sinus lifting, Guided bone regeneration, other bone graft in dental part. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of mesencymal stem cells on sinus augmentation with autogenous bone, fibrin glue mixture in a rabbit model. 8 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into 4 groups based on their time of sacrifice(1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks). First, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from iliac crest marrow of rabbits and expanded in vitro. cell culture was performed in accordance with the technique described by Tsutsumi et al. In the present study, The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, and the bone formation ability of each sides was evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and histomorphologically. According to the histological observations, Stem cell group showed integrated graft bone with host bone from sinus wall. At 2 and 4weeks, It showed active newly formed bone and neovascularization. At 8 weeks, lamella bone was observed in sinus graft material area. Radiologically, autobone with stem cell showed more radiopaque than autobone without stemcell. there were significant differences in bone volume between 2 and 4 weeks (p<0.05). In summary, the autobone with stem cells had well-formed, newly formed bone and neovasculization, compared with the autobone without stem cells (esp. 2 weeks and 4 weeks) The findings of this experimental study indicate that the use of a mixture of mesenchymal stem cell yielded good results in osteogenesis and bone volume comparable with that achieved by autogenous bone. Therefore, this application of this promising new sinus floor elevation method for implants with tissue engineering technology deserves further study.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

Purpose: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to accelerate and/or enhance hard and soft tissue healing and regeneration. As such, PRP has been used in various clinical fields of surgery. Recently there have been several attempts to use PRP in the field of tissue engineering. However, some controversies still exist on exact mechanism and benefits of PRP. Therefore various animal experiments are necessary to reveal the effect of the PRP. However, even if animal experiment is performed, the efficacy of the experiment could not be validated due to absence of an animal PRP model. The purpose of this study is to establish rat PRP model by comparing several PRP fabricating methods, and to assay growth factor concentration in the PRP. Materials and methods: Rat blood samples were collected from nine SD rat (body weight: 600-800g). PRP was prepared using three different PRP fabricating methods according to previously reported literatures. (Method 1: 800 rpm, 15 minute, single centrifuge; Method 2: 1000 rpm, 10 minute, double centrifuge; Method 3: 3000 rpm, 4min and 2500 rpm, 8 min, double centrifuge). Platelet counts were evaluated in an automated machine before and after PRP fabrications. In terms of growth factor assay, prepared PRP were activated with 100 unit thrombin and 10% calcium chloride. Growth factor (PDGF-BB, VEGF) concentrations on incubation time were determined by sandwich-ELISA technique. Results: An average of 3ml (via infraorbital venous plexus) to 15ml (via celiac axis) the rat blood could be collected. By using Method 3 (3000 rpm, 4 min and 2500 rpm, 8 min, double centrifugation), around 1.5ml of PRP could be prepared. This method allowed us to concentrate platelet 3.77-fold on average. PDGF-BB concentration (mean, 1942.10 pg/ml after 1 hour incubation) and VEGF concentration (mean, 952.71 pg/ml after 1 hour incubation) in activated PRP were higher than those in untreated blood. Also PDGF-BB showed constant concentration during 4-hour incubation, while VEGF concentration was decreased after 1 hour. Conclusion: Total 11,000 g minute separation and condensation double centrifuge method can produce efficient platelet-rich plasma. Platelet-rich plasma activated with thrombin has showed higher concentrations of growth factors such as PDGF-BB and VEGF, compared to the control group. Platelet-rich plasma model in a rat model was confirmed in this study.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

This study was initiated in order to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulating activities of crude polysaccharides extracted in methanol, neutral saline, and hot water (hereinafter referred to as Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW, respectively) from the fruiting bodies of Panellus serotinus. Content of ${\beta}$-glucan and protein in Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW extracts of P. serotinus ranged from 22.92~28.52 g/100 g and 3.24~3.68 g/100 g, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, none of the various fractions of crude polysaccharides were cytotoxic against sarcoma 180, HT-29, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cell lines at the tested concentration. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides resulted in a life prolongation effect of 23.53~44.71% in mice previously inoculated with sarcoma 180. Treatment with Fr. HW resulted in an increase in the numbers of spleen cells by 1.3 fold at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ compared with control. Treatment with Fr. NaCl resulted in improvement of the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocytes by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.4 fold, compared with control, at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Among the three fractions, maximum nitric oxide ($13.48{\mu}M$) was recorded at $500{\mu}g/mL$ in Fr. HW. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6 was significantly higher, compared to the positive control, concanavalin A, at the tested concentration. Therefore, treatment with crude polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body of P. serotinus could result in improvement of antitumor activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2017

본 연구는 소포체스트레스(endoplasmic reticulum stress)에 의해 유발되는 지방간(hepatic steatosis)에 대한 오미자추출물(Schisandra chinensis)의 주요성분인 gomisin A의 지방간 보호 효능에 대하여 연구하였다. 이를 위해 HepG2 세포에 소포체스트레스 유도물질인 tunicamycin 또는 palmitate을 처리하여 세포에서의 지방간 모델을 만들어 실험을 진행 하였으며, 소포체스트레스 표지자(marker)인 GRP78, CHOP, XBP-1의 발현을 측정하였다. Tunicamycin 처리한 세포에서는 GRP78, CHOP, XBP-1의 발현이 증가되었으나, gomisin A를 처리 한 세포에서는 이들의 발현 증가가 억제됨을 확인하였다. 이는 palmitate를 처리한 HepG2 세포에서도 palmitate에 의해 증가하는 소포체스트레스 표지자들이 gomisin A을 처리한 세포에서 발현이 감소함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에 의해, gomisin A는 소포체스트레스를 억제함을 알 수 있었다. 다음으로 gomisin A가 in vivo에서 소포체스트레스 및 지방간에 대한 보호효과가 있는지 확인하기 위해, tunicamycin과 고지방(high fat diet)으로 식이 한 쥐에서 소포체스트레스와 지방간의 보호효능에 대해 실험을 진행하였다. Tunicamycin과 고지방식이을 한 쥐의 간에서 중성지방이 증가하였으나, gomisin A를 처리한 쥐의 간에서 중성지방의 수준이 유의적으로 감소함을 확인하였다. 소포체스트레스 표지자들 역시 tunicamycin이나 고지방식이을 한 쥐에서 증가되나 gomisin A를 처리한 쥐에서 감소됨을 확인하였다. Gomisin A의 염증 반응에서의 조절기능을 확인하기 위하여 $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 그리고 MCP1과 같은 염증관련 유전자들의 발현을 분석한 결과, tunicamycin이나 고지방식이을 한 쥐에서 염증유전자들의 발현이 증가하였으나 gomisin A를 처리한 쥐에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다. 종합적으로 본 연구 결과에 의하면, gomsin A는 소포체스트레스를 억제하여 지방간의 생성을 저해함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2012

Previously, we reported that Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and gastric cancer are closely associated with increased levels of hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) and that Korean red ginseng significantly reduced the severity of H. pylori-associated gastric diseases by attenuating $H_2S$ generation. Because the incubation of endothelial cells with $H_2S$ has been known to enhance their angiogenic activities, we hypothesized that the amelioration of $H_2S$-induced gastric inflammation or angiogenesis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) might explain the preventive effect of Korean red ginseng on H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis. The expression of inflammatory mediators, angiogenic growth factors, and angiogenic activities in the absence or presence of Korean red ginseng extracts (KRGE) were evaluated in HUVECs stimulated with the $H_2S$ generator sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS). KRGE efficiently decreased the expression of cystathionine ${\beta}$-synthase and cystathionine ${\gamma}$-lyase, enzymes that are essential for $H_2S$ synthesis. Concomitantly, a significant decrease in the expression of inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and several angiogenic factors, including interleukin (IL)-8, hypoxia inducible factor-1a, vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinases, was observed; all of these factors are normally induced after NaHS. An in vitro angiogenesis assay demonstrated that NaHS significantly increased tube formation in endothelial cells, whereas KRGE pretreatment significantly attenuated tube formation. NaHS activated p38 and Akt, increasing the expression of angiogenic factors and the proliferation of HUVECs, whereas KRGE effectively abrogated this $H_2S$-activated angiogenesis and the increase in inflammatory mediators in vascular endothelial cells. In conclusion, KRGE was able to mitigate $H_2S$-induced angiogenesis, implying that antagonistic action against $H_2S$-induced angiogenesis may be the mechanism underlying the gastric cancer preventive effects of KRGE in H. pylori infection.