• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2004

The influence of sucrose on in vitro growth, chlorophyll content, and rubisco/rubisco activase were studied in tobacco leaves. The most pronounced effect on in vitro growth and the chlorophyll content was found at 4% sucrose. The rubisco content increased with increasing concentrations of sucrose, but a point was reached beyond which the increasing concentrations of sucrose caused an inhibition of this enzyme. The rubisco activity showed patterns of change similar to the rubisco content. These data suggest that sucrose may have an affect on the activation and induction of rubisco and that sucrose can be both a positive effector and negative effector depend on its concentration. The degree of intensity of 55 and 15 kD polypeptides, which were identified as the large and small subunit of rubisco, respectively, by SDS-PAGE analysis at 4% sucrose was significantly higher than that of other treatments, indicating that sucrose had an effect on both subunits. We subsequently examined whether the rubisco content and activity of being induced by sucrose is associated with rubisco activase. The rubisco activase content at 4% sucrose was higher than that of other treatments. A similar change pattern was also observed in the activity of rubisco activase. The intensity of two 52 and 51 kD polypeptide bands at 4% sucrose was higher than that of corresponding bands of other treatments. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of rubisco by sucrose seemed to be caused by rubisco activase.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 1998

In this study, we cultured bovine capillary endothelial cells from adrenal cortex and compared these cells with capillary endothelial cells obtained from bovine adrenal medulla on morphological and cytokinetic properties. We demonstrated that bFGF and gelatin matrix were required for the growth of adrenal cortex-derived capillary endothelial cells over middle passage, but not for the growth of adrenal medulla-derived capillary endothelial cells. Also, we showed that the growth of adrenal cortex-derived capillary endothelial cells must be stimulated by bFGF and the gelatin matrix for the measurement of in vitro angiostatin activity. These data indicate that adrenal cortex-derived capillary endothelial cells over middle passage are more suitable than adrenal medulla-derived capillary endothelial cells for in vitro angiogenesis assay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.202-213
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• 1985

The protein nutritional quality of foods has become an important factor to food processors with the advent of nutritional labeling regulations for foods. Then, as is true today, the officially approved assay for protein nutritional quality was the rat based protein efficiency ratio(PER) bioassay. The PER bioassay requires a minimum of 28 days to performe, and is therefore not applicable to routine quality assurance use by the food industry. Within the past ten years there has been a research emphasis placed on the development of rapid, inexpensive, biological and/or chemical based assays for protein nutritional quality. It was hoped that if a rapid assay could be developed and thoroughly tested, it could be used in lieu of the PER bioassay in the day-to-day quality assurance screening of food ingredients and products. The rapid assays developed in the hope of attaining this goal have been based on microorganisms, proteolytic enzymes, and amino acid profiles, as well as combinations of the above. In this review, it will be described and briefly discussed many of procedures which had contributed conceptually as well as practically to the development of in vitro methods for the evaluation of protein quality. Special emphasis will be placed on the C-PER(computed protein efficiency ratio) assay which combines data from in vitro protease digestion and amino acid composition to predict protein nutritional quality designed by Satterlee et al. (1980), and the DC-PER(discriminant computed PER) which is a method of estimating protein quality based on rat assay and in vitro digestibility obtained using solely essential amino acid data will be also introduced.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1999

The sustained release of piracetam by complexation with ion exchange resin was prepared. The complex was coated with Eudragit RS100 and their releases in vitro were conducted with various different kinds of medium solution. Dissolution rate increased as ionic strength, acidity and drug concentrations increased and reached its maximal plateau concentration within 5 min. Based on these data, The controlled release of piracetam using ion-exchange piracetam complex coated with Eudragit RS100 could be available.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.137-144
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine consumers' perceptions of domestic infertility support policies based on infertility-related keywords and the trends of their changes. To this end, Momsholic, a mom cafe which has the most active infertility-related bulletin boards on Naver, was selected as the analysis target, and 'infertility' was selected as a keyword for data search. The data was collected for three months. In addition, network analysis and visualization were performed using R for data collection and analysis, and cross-validation was attempted using the NetDraw function of 'textom 1.0' and the UCINET6 program. As a result of the analysis, the main keywords were cost, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, freezing, harvest, ovulation, and how much. Next, looking at the central value of the degree of connection, it was found that the degree of connection between the words cost, cost, how much, problem, public health center, and artificial insemination was high. According to the results of this study, women who visit mom cafes due to infertility in Korea are more interested in the cost. It is believed to be closely related to infertility treatment as well as in vitro fertilization and egg freezing. Therefore, by examining keywords related toinfertility, it has academic significance in that it is possible to identify major factors that end users are interested in. Furthermore, it is possible to redefine the guidelines for domestic infertility support policies by presenting infertility support policies that reflect the factors of interest of end consumers.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2012

The present study was to assess the in vitro viability and sexing rate of bovine embryos. Blastocysts were harvested on day 7~9 day after insemination(in vitro and in vivo), and the sex of the embryos was examined using the LAMP method. Embryo cell biopsy was carried out in a $80{\mu}l$ drop $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ free D-PBS and, biopsied embryos viability were evaluated after more 12 h culture in IVMD culture medium. The formation of recovered embryo to expanded and hatching stages had ensued in higher of sexed embryo in vivo than in vitro (100% vs. 89%, p<0.05), and in vitro, the rates of degeneration after sexing were significantly (p<0.05) higher in vitro than in vivo(11% vs. 0.0%). The rates of the predicted sex were female 61% vs. 56%, and male 39% vs. 44% in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The rates of survival following different biopsy methods were seen between punching and bisection method in vivo and in vitro (100% vs. 89% and 100% vs, 78% respectively). Biopsy method by punching was significantly (p<0.05) higher than bisection between produced embryos in vivo and in vitro. The present data indicate that with microblade after punching for embryo sexing results in high incidence of survivability on development after embryo biopsy. It is also suggested that LAMP-based embryo sexing suitable for field applications.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

In recent years, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has been widely used in pharmaceutical industries as well as regulatory health authorities for drug discovery and development. Several application areas of PBPK have been introduced so far including drug-drug interaction prediction, transporter-mediated interaction prediction, and pediatric PK prediction. The purpose of this review is to introduce PBPK and illustrates one of its application areas, particularly pediatric PK prediction by utilizing existing adult PK data and in vitro data. The evaluation of the initial PBPK for adult was done by comparing with experimental PK profiles and the scaling from adult to pediatric was conducted using age-related changes in size such as tissue compartments, and protein binding etc. Sotalol and lorazepam were selected in this review as model drugs for this purpose and were re-evaluated using the PBPK models by GastroPlus$^{(R)}$. The challenges and strategies of PBPK models using adult PK data as well as appropriate in vitro assay data for extrapolating pediatric PK at various ages were also discussed in this paper.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

In vivo and in vitro digestibility of 6 diets with a forage to concentrate ratio (F/C) ranging from 100 to 50:50 (diet 1: all hay, diet 2: 90:10, diet 3: 80:20, diet 4: 70:30, diet 5: 60:40, diet 6: 50:50) were investigated using 6 buffaloes in a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. For the in vivo trial, the individual faeces of buffaloes were collected 3 times per day for 7 days. Individual pooled faeces and samples of each diet were analysed for chemical composition and insoluble acid ash (AIA) contents in order to estimate the coefficient of apparent digestibility (ADC). On the last day of the in vivo trial a sample of faeces was collected from each animal and used as inoculum for the in vitro test, using the gas production technique (IVGPT). The in vivo organic matter digestibility (ADC) rose as the percentage of concentrate increased up to the 70:30 (F/C) diet (67.01, 73.03, 78.06 and 79.05, respectively for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4); the other two diets (60:40 and 50:50 F/C) unexpectedly did not follow this trend (75.11 and 79.06, respectively for diet 5 and 6). However, these data agree with the results of the in vitro trial. The ADC was positively correlated with the dOM (p<0.001), but not with the gas production at different times; cumulative gas production recorded at the end of incubation (OMCV) showed an irregular trend and was not closely correlated to degraded OM. Estimation of in vivo digestibility from in vitro fermentation data was acceptable, despite leaving room for improvement.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.388-398
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• 2022

PURPOSE. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 14 different intraoral scanners for the All-on-4 treatment concept. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four implants were placed in regions 13, 16, 23, and 26 of an edentulous maxillary model that was poured with scannable Type 4 gypsum to imitate the All-on-4 concept. The cast was scanned 10 times for each of 14 intraoral scanners (Primescan, iTero 2, iTero 5D, Virtuo Vivo, Trios 3, Trios 4, CS3600, CS3700, Emerald, Emerald S, Medit i500, BenQ BIS-I, Heron IOS, and Aadva IOS 100P) after the polyether ether ketone scanbody was placed. For the control group, the gypsum model was scanned 10 times with an industrial scanner. The first of the 10 virtual models obtained from the industrial model was chosen as the reference model. For trueness, the data of the 14 dental scanners were superimposed with the reference model; for precision, the data of all 14 scanners were superimposed within the groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilks, and Dunn's tests. RESULTS. Primescan showed the highest trueness and precision values (P < .005), followed by the iTero 5D scanner (P < .005). CONCLUSION. Some of these digital scanners can be used to make impressions within the All-on-4 concept. However, the possibility of data loss due to artifacts, reflections, and the inability to combine the data should be considered.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 1997

Using three species of Korean frogs (Rana dybowskii, R. rugosa and R. nigromaculata), the annual spermatogenic pattern, the seasonal changes in the steroidogenic competence, and responsiveness of testis to gonadotropins in terms of testosterone secretion in vitro were examined. The spermatogenic pattern of R. dybowskii was classified as a discontinuous type since spermatogenesis stops completely after spawning in late winter (February) until mid-summer (July). In contrast, the pattern of R. nigromaculata and R. rugosa was classified as a potent continuous type since sperm was always present in the seminiferous tubules all year round. In all three species, the levels of testicular testosterone and that of testosterone secreted by testis following in vitro culture were very low in late summer (August), but increased thereafter until winter (hibernation period). Interestingly, responsiveness of testis in vitro to gonadotropins in terms of testosterone secretion increased markedly in November (early hibernation period). Specifically, bullfrog LH was more effective than FSH in stimulating the secretion of testosterone by frog testis in vitro during hibernation period. This fact suggests that testosterone secretion by testis during hibernation is at least regulated by the pituitary gonadotropin rather than environmental factors. Taken together, the data presented here suggest that testicular cycles of three species of Korean frogs are closely linked to their females breeding cycles, and are eventually controlled by various environmental cues.