• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.141-155
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• 2016

Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and in vivo cancer model systems have been used to understand cancer biology and develop drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Although cell culture and in vivo model studies have provided critical contribution about disease mechanism, these models present important problems. 2D tissue culture models lack of three dimensional (3D) structure, while animal models are expensive, time consuming, and inadequate to reflect human tumor biology. Up to the present, scaffolds and 3D matrices have been used for many different clinical applications in regenerative medicine such as heart valves, corneal implants and artificial cartilage. While tissue engineering has focused on clinical applications in regenerative medicine, scaffolds can be used in in vitro tumor models to better understand tumor relapse and metastasis. Because 3D in vitro models can partially mimic the tumor microenvironment as follows. This review focuses on different scaffold production techniques and polymer types for tumor model applications in cancer tissue engineering and reports recent studies about in vitro 3D polymeric tumor models including breast, ewing sarcoma, pancreas, oral, prostate and brain cancers.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.2 s.54
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• pp.99-104
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• 1999

The effects of ginseng and cinnamon extract alone or mixture on the various cancer cell lines in vitro have been examined. Human colon cancer cell line (HT-29), human rectal cancer cell line (HRT-18) and human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) were used for the experiment. When given separately, the proliferation of all cancer cell lines was inhibited in proportion to the concentration of ginseng or cinnamon extract, respectively. Based on the cytotoxic activity, mixture of ginseng and cinnamon extract demonstrated a synergistic inhibition of cancer cell growth. The progression of cell cycle from G1 to S phase was significantly inhibited by ginseng and cinnamon mixture in the HT-29 and HRT-18 cell lines.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.242-247
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• 1989

The effect of ginseng extract and sodium ascorbate (vitamin C) administered separately or in combination on the some cancer cells cultured in vitro have been examined. Mouse leukemic cells (L1210 and P388), human rectal cancer cells (HRT-18) and human colon cancer cells (HCT-48) were used for the experiment. When given separately, the growth rate for each kind of cancer cell was inhibited In proportion to the concentration of ginseng extract or vitamin C. The inhibitory effect on the growth rate of the cancer cells was stronger in ginseng extract than in vitamin C except for the HCT-48 cells. Based on the cytotoxic activity, combined administration of ginseng extract and vitamin C demonstrated a synergistic inhibition of cancer cell growth. The cytotoxic activities of ginseng extract and vitamin C on the mouse leukemic cells were more sensitive than on human colon cancer cells. And the sensitivity of cytotoxic activity was somewhat different in different cancer cell lines.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1703-1706
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• 2013

Lung cancer remains a deadly disease with unsatisfactory overall survival. Resveratrol (Res) has the potential to inhibit growth of several types of cancer such as prostate and colorectal examples. In the current study, we evaluated in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficiency of Res in a xenograft model with A549 cells. Cell inhibition effects of Res were measured by MTT assay. Apoptotis of A549 cells was assessed with reference to caspase-3 activity and growth curves of tumor volume and bodyweight of the mice were measured every two days. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation indicated Res to exert dose-dependent cell inhibition effects against A549 cells with activation of caspase-3. In vivo evaluation showed Res to effectively inhibit the growth of lung cancer in a dose-dependent manner in nude mice. Therefore, we believe that Res might be a promising phytomedicine for cancer therapy and further efforts are needed to explore this potential therapeutic strategy.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2015

CD44 is a particular adhesion molecule and facilitates both cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In particular, splice variants of CD44 are particularly overexpressed in a large number of malignancies and carcinomas. In this study, the $^{177}Lu$-labelled CD44 targeting antibody was prepared and bioevaluated in vitro and in vivo. Anti-CD44 was immunoconjugated with the equivalent molar ratio of cysteine-based DTPA-NCS and radioimmunoconjugated with $^{177}Lu$ at room temperature within 15 minutes. The stability was tested in human serum. An in vitro study was carried out in HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines. For the biodistribution study $^{177}Lu$-labelled anti-CD44 was injected in xenograft mice. Anti-CD44 was immunoconjugated with cysteine-based DTPA-NCS and purified by a centricon filter system having a molecular cut-off of 50 kDa. Radioimmunoconjugation with $^{177}Lu$ was reacted for 15 min at room temperature. The radiolabeling yield was >99%, and it was stable in human serum without any fragmentation or degradation. The radioimmunoconjugate showed a high binding affinity on HT-29 colon cancer cell surfaces. In a biodistribution study, the tumor-to-blood ratio of the radioimmunoconjugate was 43 : 1 at 1 day post injection (p.i) in human colon cancer bearing mice. The anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody for the targeting of colon cancer was effectively radioimmunoconjugated with $^{177}Lu$. The in vitro high immunoactivity of this radioimmunoconjugate was determined by a cell binding assay. In addition, the antibody's tumor targeting ability was demonstrated with very high uptake in tumors. This radioimmunoconjugate is applicable to therapy in human colon cancer with highly expressed CD44.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8947-8950
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• 2014

Immunological functions of heat shock proteins (HSPs) have long been recognized. In this study we aimed to efficiently purify HSP70 from renal cell carcinoma and test it as a tumor antigen for pulsing dendritic cells in vitro. HSP70 was purified from renal cell carcinoma specimens by serial column chromatography on Con A-sepharose, PD-10, ADP-agarose and DEAE-cellulose, and finally subjected to fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). Dendritic cells derived from the adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF and exposed to tumor HSP70. After 24 hours, dendritic cells were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. T cells obtained from the non-adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were then co-cultured with HSP70-pulsed dendritic cells and after 3 days T cell cytotoxicity towards primary cultured renal cell carcinoma cells was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor-derived HSP70 expressed higher levels of CD83, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR maturation markers than those pulsed with tumor cell lysate and comparable to that of dendritic cells pulsed with tumor cell lysate plus TNF-${\alpha}$. Concomitantly, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes induced by HSP70-pulsed dendritic cells presented the highest cytotoxic activity. There were no significant differences when using homologous or autologous HSP70 as the tumor antigen. HSP70 can be efficiently purified by chromatography and induces in vitro dendritic cell maturation in the absence of TNF-${\alpha}$. Conspecific HSP70 may effectively be used as a tumor antigen to pulse dendritic cells in vitro.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7505-7513
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• 2014

Several toxic substances have been detected in plants which are responsible for animal and human diseases. Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) is one example, widely distributed in many parts of the world. It is known to cause cancer in humans and other animals. In fact, man can be directly or indirectly exposed to the danger by consuming fern, contaminated water, milk, meat, and spore inhalation. Experimental studies have shown an association between bracken exposure and gastric cancer, and research has shown genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in vitro. This paper describes and reviews toxic, carcinogenic, genotoxic/cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory effects of bracken and included possible toxic agents. The chemistry of Ptaquiloside (PT) reactions is emphasized, along with bracken problems in livestock, possible pathways of exposure in man, and control for human health.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1405-1409
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• 2006

Polysaccharides from the starfish Asterina pectinifera were assessed in vitro for their chemopreventive potential in human breast cancer. The polysaccharides from A. pectinifera inhibited cell proliferation in the estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) and estrogen receptor-negative (MDA-MB-231) human breast carcinoma cell lines. In addition, the polysaccharides were found to be an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A1-mediated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, and caused a dose-dependent inhibition of aromatase activity in microsomes isolated from a human placenta. There was a significant reduction in the ornithine decarboxylase activity to 30.7% of the control in the polysaccharide-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Therefore, the polysaccharides from A. pectinifera merit further investigation with respect to breast cancer chemoprevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2429-2435
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• 2012

Methyl isocyanate may have a role in cancer etiology, although the link is unclear. There is evidence in the literature that it can induce cancer in animals but the carcinogenic potency is weak. Pheochromocytoma of adrenal medulla and acinar cell tumors of pancreas have been observed in methyl isocyanate exposed animals. Conversely, emerging data from population-based epidemiological studies are contradictory since there is no evidence of such cancers in methyl isocyanate exposed humans. Recently, we reported a high prevalence of breast and lung cancers in such a population in Bhopal. In vitro findings appearing in the latest scientific literature suggest that genomic instability is caused by methyl isocyanate analogs in lung, colon, kidney, ovary epithelial cells, and that hepatocytes may undergo oncogenic transformation, have obvious implications. The conflicting information prompted us to present this update over the last three decades on methyl isocyanate-induced cancers after an extensive literature search using PubMed. While the pertinent literature remains limited, with a scarcity of strong laboratory analyses and field-epidemiological investigations, our succinct review of animal and human epidemiological data including in vitro evidences, should hopefully provide more insight to researchers, toxicologists, and public health professionals concerned with validation of the carcinogenicity of methyl isocyanate in humans.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1999

Despite the impressive antitumor activity of cisplatin, two major limitations of the drug, that is severe side effects and drug-resistance of cancer cells, make its use difficult of r cancer therapy. These limitations have resulted in a greate deal of effort having been expended into structural modifications of cisplatin. In this study, we tested two novel cisplatin analogues, (CPA)2 Pt[DOLYM] (COMP-I) and (DACH)Pt[DOLYM] (CoMP-II), for the mode of cytotoxic action against human tumor cells comparing with cisplatin and carboplatin in vitro. These two novel analogues had considerable cytotoxic activities against five kinds of human solid tumor cells, and especially COMP-II was more effective on HCT15 colon cancer cells than other compounds. In addition, COMP-II had cytostatic activity at low concentrations (10~0.3${\mu}g/ml$), but other compounds revealed little effect on tumor growth at the low concentration.