• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

Cultural heritage means a great lot to a nation's social system and its people's behavior consciousness and plays an important role in its self-development and improvement. It is essential for a nation's self-education and renewal. Improper cultural heritage will be disastrous because it may fall a nation into a loss of terrible chaos. Only the proper cultural heritage can make it always self-awaking, self-correcting and remaining vital in life. This paper, from the perspective of Choi Bu's Pyohaerok, makes a thorough analysis of the unbalance heritage of Chinese ancient culture for thousands of years. For example, many fine traditions gradually vanished in our actual life or only take half their life in heritage nowadays, such as our ancient broad and profound Confucian etiquette, ancient exquisite brocade art and architecture, ancient advanced ship-building technology and many other advanced numerous technological inventions; however, too much unwanted cultural rubbish keeps constant prevailing and takes repeated successions in the life, such as the heavy-form-and-light-content management mode, borrowing power to do evil, neglecting technological inventions long time and generally believing in ghost theory,etc.. This paper mainly focuses on the partial successions of the bad cultural heritage and its bad influence on the country, and concludes that it is just that that makes the country more and more backward. Therefore, the paper makes some pondering over these issues and proposes some related ideas of country-building to attract others participation to deal with them.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1350-1362
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• 1997

An experimental study has been performed on vortex pairing under fundamental and subharmonic forcing with controlled initial phase differences through hot-wire measurements and a multi-smoke wire flow visualization. For the range of St$_{D}$ < 0.6, vortex pairing was controlled by means of fundamental and subharmonic forcing with varying initial phase differences. Much larger mixing rate was achieved by two-frequency forcing with a proper phase difference than one frequency forcing. As St$_{D}$ decreased, vortex pairing was limited to a narrow region of the initial phase difference between two disturbances and higher amplitudes of the fundamental and its subharmonic at the nozzle exit were required for more stable pairing. As the amplitude of the subharmonic at the nozzle exit increased for fixed St$_{D}$ and fundamental amplitude, the distribution of the subharmonic mode against the variation of the initial phase difference changed from a sine function form into a cusp-like form. Thus, vortex pairing can be controlled more precisely for the former case. For St$_{D}$ > 0.6, non-pairing advection of vortices due to the improper phase difference was sometimes observed in several fundamental forcing amplitudes when only the fundamental was applied. However, when its subharmonic was added, vortex pairing readily occurred. As the initial amplitude of this subharmonic increased, the position of vortex pairing moved upstream. This was thought to be due to the fact that the variation of the initial phase difference between the fundamental and its subharmonic has less effects on vortex pairing in the region of fundamental-only vortex pairing.pairing.

• Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

The use of chemicals to enhance and improve life is a widespread practice worldwide. But alongside the benefits of these products, there is also the potential for adverse effects to people or the environment. Thus, If anyone handles hazardous chemicals, they should adhere to specific criteria for hazardous chemicals. This study used hazard statement(H-code) and precautionary statement(P-code) to set specific criteria for handling chemicals. According to the UN GHS, hazard statement means a statement assigned to a hazard class and category that describes. And a precautionary statement is a phrase which describes recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposures to a hazardous product, or improper storage or handling of a hazardous product. The study suggests the treatment criteria(Public Notice) of 785 types of hazardous chemicals managed by the Chemical Control Act.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.17C no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2010

An effective integration of web-based learning environment and mobile device technology is considered as a new challenge to the developers. The screen size, however, of the mobile device is too small, and its performance is too inferior. Due to the foregoing limit of mobile technology, displaying bulk data on the mobile screen, such as a cyber lecture accompanied with real-time image transmission on the web, raises a lot of problems. Users have difficulty in recognizing learning contents exactly by means of a mobile device, and continuous transmission of video stream with bulky information to the mobile device arouses a lot of load for the mobile system. Thus, an application which is developed to be applied in PC is improper to be used for the mobile device as it is, a player which is fitting for the mobile device should be developed. Accordingly, this paper suggests mobile presentation using transcoding techniques of the field concerned. To display continuous video frames of learning image, such as a cyber lecture or remote lecture, by means of a mobile device, the performance difference between high-resolution digital image and mobile device should be surmounted. As the transcoding techniques to settle the performance difference causes damage of image quality, high-quality image may be guaranteed by application of trial and error between transcoding and selected learning resources.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 1988

Fixed prosthetic appliance is the restorations of damaged teeth with cast metal or porcelain, and of replacing missing teeth with fixed, or cemented prosthesis. Successfully treating a patient by means of fixed prosthodontics requires the thoughtful combination of dentist and dental laboratory technician. In order to know the satisfaction of dentisits about fixed prosthetic appliances-porcelain, precious and non precious metal-, this study was conducted for 69 practicing dentisis in Pusan during Fed. to Mar. 1988 using a questionnaire method and was analyzed by the use of percentage, $X^2$-test The results are obtained as follow: 1. General characteristics of the respondents, The rate of age distribution of practcing dentists responded was as follow : 31$\sim$35 age group is 29.0%, 51$\sim$55age group 18.8%, 41$\sim$45 age group and 46$\sim$50 group each 11.6%, 36$\sim$40 age group and 56$\sim$60 age group 8.7%, over 60 age group 7.3%, below 30 age group 4.3% respectively. The tate of term of practice experience distribution of dentists responded was as follow : 6$\sim$10 year group 26.1%, 25$\sim$25year group 18.8%, 11$\sim$15 years group and 16~20 years group each 13.0%, below 5 years group and over 30 years group each 10.2%, 26$\sim$30 years group 8.7% in order. The rate of respondents’ degree was follow : bachelor group 81.2%, doctor group 13.0%, master group 5.8% in order. The rate of respondents’completed medical specialist course was as follow : non-complete group 75.4%, complete group 24.6%. The rate of having own laboratory in respondents’clinic was as follow : no having own laboratory group 58.0%, having own labiratory group 42.0% The rate of being lab. technician in respondent;s clinic was as follow: non-being lab. technician group 91.3%, being lab. technician group 8.7%. The rate of transactional commercial dental lab. numbers was as follow : I dental lab. group 40.6%, 2 dental lab. group 30.4%, 3 dental lab. group 20.3%, production at own lab. group 8.7% 2. Cognitions about the respondent's job, About cognition of patient numvers, there were neither many nor few group 62.3%, few group 17.4%, many group 15.9%, too many group 4.4% in order.(P<.01) As compared with the ratio of dentists to patient prothetic treatment, there were moderate level group 46.4%, high level group 33.6%, low level group 18.8% in order.(P<.01) By job satisfaction of respondents, the highest percentage group was satisfied group 44.9%, neither astisfied nor disstified group 33.3%, dissatisfied group 14.5%, much satisfied group 7.3%(P<.01). As compared with the level of prosthetics price, the were moderate level group 71.0%, low level group 23.2%, high level group 5.8%(P<.01) 3. Satisfaction and assessment of dissatisfied factor of the fixed prosthetic appliance, As compared with the satisfaction of al prosthetic appliance, there were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied group 59.4%, satisfied group 20.3% dissatisfied group 18.8%, much satisfied group 1.5% in order.(P<.01). About precious and non precious metal crown and bridge, there were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied group 60.9%, satisfied group 24.6%, dissatisfied group 11.6%, much satisfied group 2.9% in order.(P<.01) The reat of respondent;s satisfaction about porcelain crown and bridge was as follow : neither satisfied nor dissatisfied group 43.5%, dissatisfied group 33.3%, satisfied group 21.7%, much satisfied group 1.5%(P<.01). The rate of respondent's dissatisfied factor item of precious and non precious metal crown and bridge was as follow : inadequate margin fit item 39.1% respondent, inadequate occlusion item 24.6%, inadequate adaptation item 23.2%, poor anat omic form item 15.9%, inadequate contact item 31.9%, improper polishing item 4.4%, the rest item 11.6% respectively. The rate of respondent's dissatisfied factor item of porcelain crown and bridge was as follow : inadequate margin fit item 52.2%, inadequate occlusion item 2.9%, inadequate adaptation item 10.1%, poor anatomic form item 11.6%, improper polishing item 1.5%, shade mismatching item 71%, the rest item 7.2% respectively. The rate of cognition of respondents’ about cause of dissatisfied factor on fixed prosthetic appliance by item was as follow : deficiency of sincerity item 55.1%, deficiency of knowledge about work item 47.8%, deficiency of experience item 15.9%, poor quality of using material item 5.8%, the rest item 2.9% respectively.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.747-763
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• 2000

through a literal study upon Arrhythmia between east and west medicine, the results were as follows 1. Arrhythmia is not only irregular cardiac beat but disorder of cardiac impulse making and conduction disturbance. it means almost irregularity of interval between two beat 2. In the east medicine, arrhythmia is represented various category as palpitation, continuous palpitation, dizziness, consumption which give the first consideration by the accompanied symptoms. A separate way in a diagnostics it become a base of diagnosis of diseases and decision of prognosis by the examination of pulse 3. In the west medicine, Arrhythmia is classified as disorder of heart rate, rhythm, conduction disturbance or tachycardia, bradycardia and it is concomitant with fatigue, palpitation, dyspnoea, syncope, chest discomfort 4. The diagnostic study of pulse condition which represent arrhythmia was started from $\mathbb{<}$Nae-Kyung$\mathbb{>}$ and it was revealed as pulse condition of rapid pulse, slow pulse, swift pulse, running pulse, knotted pulse, intermittent pulse etc. Out of them running pulse, knotted pulse, intermittent pulse which obviously are concomitant with irregularity of interval are clinically meaningful in a conditions of disease and decision of prognosis. and the significance of these pulse condition are transformed through the changes of the times 5. According to cause of disease it is classified by Arrhythmia(running pulse, knotted pulse, intermittent pulse) due to heat, cold, phlegm, deficiency(or insufficiency) and There are three categories of etiological factor that is, endogenous, exogenous and non-exo-endogenous factor. the endogenous factor is insufficiency of the heart Ki, deficiency of both Ki and blood, intemal stagnation of phlegm and fluid, stagnation of seven emotions. the exogenous factor is caused by stagnation of Ki and blood by six exogenous pathogenic factor and the non-exo-endgenous factors are improper diet, overstrain, traumatic injury. A cause of arrhythmia in western medicine are a organic and pathological change of the heart itself and malfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2007

Contrast medium is a very useful tool for X-ray examinations. But contrast medium has some unavoidable adverse reactions. For those patients who have never received contrast medium before, it is impossible to predict whether they will suffer from certain kinds of adverse reactions. Thus, radiologists should use strategies to minimize adverse events and be prepared to promptly recognize and manage any reactions to the contrast media. If a radiologist commits medical malpractice, he will face civil responsibility. Medical malpractice means a tort or breach of contract that occurs in a medical setting. Medical malpractices happen, despite the efforts of hospital staff. Many courts have applied the traditional doctrine of respondeat superior in actions against organizations for injuries caused by their employees. It is a legal doctrine, which states that an employer is responsible for employee actions performed within the course of the employment. A hospital is an organization for health purposes. An organization may be convicted of an offense committed by an employee of the organization acting in its behalf and within the scope of his office or employment. Organizational liability involves a wide variety of legal issues, including tort liability, wrongful employment practices, personal injury, breach of fiduciary duty, and so on. Many executive directors of organizations are aware of their personal and organizational risks of exposure to legal liabilities. The employer must have the right to control the physical conduct of the employee and must consent to receive the employee's services, while expecting some benefits from the services offered. Therefore, legal liability can be imposed for improper selection, assignment, training, and supervision of employees. In conclusion, the hospital itself has organizational liability for adverse reactions to the contrast medium.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2004

Objective: Recently, inline skates are populary increasing and have become major recreational activities. This study was performed to determine the effective prevention means on various extremity injury by investigating injury severity occording to acute injury and overuse injury. Results: Acute inline skating injury was experienced mostly among the age between 6$\~$14 years old children after school around nearby their home without using no appropriate safety device gear. The wrist injury was mostly happened. We think that overuse injury is related to boot itself, boot fitting and improper skating techniques. Conclusion: So afterall, appropriate safety equipment wearing in inline skating at the safe place after learning about the skating skills can reduce the acute inline skating extremity injuries. Choosing a pair of good fitting boots, performing the exact pushing techniques and take good rests in the middle of skating frequently can reduce the overuse injury.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.21-44
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• 1988

In Korea, fee-for service reimbursement has been adopted from the begining of medical insurance system in 1977, and the importance of the relative value unit is currently being investigated. The purpose of this study was to find out the level of propriety of the difference in the fees for different surgical services, and the appropriateness of the classification of the insurance fee schedule. For the purpose of this study, specific subjects and the procedural methodology is shown as follows: 1. The propriety of the Relative Price System(RPS). 1) Choice of sample operations. In this study, sample operations were selected and classified by specialists in general surgery, and the number of items they classified were 32. For the same group of operations the Insurance Fee Schedule(IFS) classified the operations into 24 separate items. In order to investigate the propriety of the RPS, one of the purpose of this study, was to examine the 24 items classified by the IFS. 2) Evaluation of the complexity of surgery. The data used in this study was collected The data used in this study was collected from 94 specialists in general surgery by mail survey from November I to 15, 1986. Several independent variables (age, location, number of bed, university hospital, whether the medical institution adopt residents or not) were also investigated for analysis of the characteristics of surgical complexity. 3) Complexity and time calculations. Time data was collected from the records of the Seoul National University' Hospital, and the cost per operation was calculated through cost finding methods. 4) Analysis of the propriety of the Relative Price System of the Insurance Fee Schedule. The Relative Price System of the sample operation was regressed on the cost, time, comlexity relative ,value system (RVS) separately. The coefficient of determination indicates the degree of variation in the RPS of the Insurance Fee Schedule explained by the cost, time, complexity RVS separately. 2. The appropriateness of the classification of the Insurance Fee Schedule. 1) Choice of sample operations. The items which differed between the classification of the specialist and the classification of medical, Insurance Fee Schedule were chosen. 2) Comparisons of cost, time and complexity between the items were done to evaluate which classification was more appropriate. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. The coefficient of determination of the regression of the RPS on-cost RVS was 0.58, on time RVS was 0.65, and on complexity RVS was 0.72. This means that the RPS of Insurance Fee Schedule is improper with respect to the cost, time, complexity separately. Thus this indicates that RPS must be re-shaped according to the standard element. In this study, the correlation coefficients of cost, time, complexity Relative Value System were very high, and this suggests that RPS could be reshaped I according to anyone standard element. Considering of measurement, time was thought to be the most I appropriate. 2. The classifications of specialist and of the Insurance Fee Schedule were compared with respect to cost, time, and complexity separately. For complexity, ANOVA was done and the others were compared to the different values of different classifications. The result was that the classification of specialist was more reasonable and that the classification of Insurance Fee Schedule grouped inappropriately several into one price unit.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.515-529
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• 2019

Geospatial information for river network and watershed boundary have played a fundamental roles in terms of river management, planning and design, hydrological and hydraulic analysis. Irrespective of their importance, the lack of punctual update and improper maintenance in currently available river-related geospatial information systems has revealed inconsistency issues between individual systems and spatial inaccuracy with regard to reflecting dynamically transferring riverine geography. Given that digital elevation models (DEMs) of high spatial resolution enabling to reproduce precise river network are only available adjacent to national rivers, DEMs with poor spatial resolution lead to generate unreliable river network information and thereby reduce their extensible applicabilities. This study first of all evaluated published spatial information available in Korea with respect to their spatial accuracy and consistency, and also provides a methodology and tool to modify existing low resolution of DEMs by means of striation of conventional or digitized river network to replicate input river network in various degree of further delineation. The tool named FSND was designed to be operated in ArcGIS ModelBuilder which ensures to automatically simulate river network striation to DEMs and delineation with different flow accumulation threshold. The FNSD was successfully validated in Seom River basin to identify its replication of given river network manually digitized based on recent aerial photograph in conjunction with a DEM with 30 meter spatial resolution. With the derived accuracy of reproducibility, substantiation of a various order of river network and watershed boundary from the striated DEM posed tangible possibility for highly extending DEMs with low resolution to be capable of producing reliable riverine spatial information subsequently.