• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.599-609
• /
• 1999

Talc durg has been used at Oriental Medical Hospital of Kyung San University, and was analysed for mineralogical and geochemical studies. It consists mainly of talc with small amount of tremolite, dolomite and bursite, and its chemical compositions of MgO 31.65% and $SiO_2$ 61.0%, and cotain less inpurtities. Moreover, talc from the Dong Yang Talc mine is associated with calcite, gypsum and anhydrite, which belong to more soluble mineral drugs than talc, and contains Ca and Fe. These elements may give at least medical medical to talc durg as in the case of actinolite. Therfore, talc of high quality from the Dong Yang Tacl Mine may be used instead of imported expensive talc durg. Diagrams of log $a_{Mg^{2+}}$-pH and log $a_{Mg^{2+}}/a{\array{2\\H^+} $-log $a_{H_4SiO_4}$- may be used as basic data to predict and examine soluble contents of durg for medical experiments.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.611-617
• /
• 2011

This study investigated the germination and reduction of microbial population in domestic (radish, Chinese cabbage, and vitamin) and imported (radish and red cabbage) sprout seeds by heat treatment (40, 50, 60, and 70$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min or 30 min). The germination ratio (define the ratio) was 45-97% at 24 h after treatment <60$^{\circ}C$ and was decreased at 70$^{\circ}C$. In domestic radish seed, total aerobic bacteria were decrease by approximately 1.71 log CFU/g after heat treatment at 70$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and viable coliforms were decreased to under the detection limit at temperatures over 60$^{\circ}C$. Decrease of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms in domestic Chinese cabbage seed was 1.23-1.34 and 2.77 log CFU/g, respectively, after heat treatment over 60$^{\circ}C$. In domestic vitamin seed, total aerobic bacteria were decreased by about 0.3 log CFU/g at 70$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. In imported radish seed, total aerobic bacteria were decreased 2.12-2.30 log CFU/g after heat treatment over 60$^{\circ}C$. Total aerobic bacteria in imported red cabbage seed were reduced by 0.66-0.84 log CFU/g after heat treatment over 40$^{\circ}C$ and coliforms were undetectable. In case of Bacillus cereus, there was no significant difference by heat treatment in any sample. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. were not detected at the detection limit in any tested seeds at any temperature.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the microbiological safety of various cheeses made from raw milk currently imported and sold in Korea. A total of 12 cheeses were considered for the study - 4 kinds of imported cheese made from raw milk, 4 kinds of imported cheese made from pasteurized milk, and 4 kinds of domestic cheese made from pasteurized milk, and aerobic count, presence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes were investigated. Results from this study showed that in the 12 different kinds of cheese tested, E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes were negative. Therefore, the sanitary conditions of imported cheese made from raw milk, imported cheese made from pasteurized milk, and domestic cheese made from pasteurized milk are considered safe. The mean aerobic count in the 12 types of tested cheese was below 4.0 log CFU/g. In conclusion, various cheeses produced from raw milk or pasteurized milk currently sold in Korea have been found to be hygienic and safe. In the future, raw milk cheeses produced and sold in Korea will require long-term research not only to ensure safety but also to produce new, high-quality products.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.5 kGy) on the microbiological, physicochemical and sensory qualities of imported orange during storage at $3^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. Total aerobic bacteria and yeast/mold counts in non-irradiated oranges were 3.59 and 3.75 log CFU/g, and those counts in irradiated oranges at 1.5 kGy were decreased by 1.75 and 2.26 log CFU/g, respectively. Moreover, those counts were decreased significantly according to a dose-dependent manner after gamma irradiation. The pH revealed no significant difference between the control and irradiated samples; however, titratable acidity was decreased significantly according to a dose-dependent manner and storage time. The vitamin C contents were decreased significantly according to a dose-dependent manner and storage time after gamma irradiation. Further, sensory evaluation testing revealed no significant difference between the control and irradiated samples, except 1.5 kGy. Samples irradiated at 1.5 kGy had the lowest values in color, sweetness, sourness, flavor, texture and overall acceptance. The results suggest that gamma irradiation was effective for ensuring microbiological safety; however, irradiated oranges at 1 and 1.5 kGy did not have good physicochemical and sensory qualities. Therefore, we can use the sample irradiated at 0.4~0.6 kGy as optimum-dose to be minimize on quality changes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.445-453
• /
• 2012

This study examined microbial contamination during seasoned and dried squid Dosidicus gigas processing, including the apparatus, machines, and employee's gloves at each step in processing at two companies. The numbers of bacteria floating in air in each processing area were also examined. The numbers of Staphylococcus aureus (3.6-6.0 log CFU/g) and Escherichia coli (1.3-1.4 log MPN/100 g) in domestic and imported daruma (a semi-processed product of seasoned and dried squid) at companies A and B exceeded the regulatory limits of the Food Sanitary Law of Korea (S. aureus, ${\leq}2.0$ log CFU/g; E. coli, negative). S. aureus in both daruma was reduced to below the detection limit or 3.6 log CFU/g after the roasting step, but increased again to 3.3 and 5.5 log CFU/g after the mechanical tearing step at companies A and B, respectively. E. coli showed similar tendencies at both companies. The surfaces of the apparatus, machines, and employee's gloves that contacted daruma were also contaminated with S. aureus (1.0-5.5 log CFU/$m^2$) and E. coli (negative-to 3.5 log MPN/$m^2$). The numbers of bacteria floating in air were high (1.7-5.1 log CFU/$m^3$) at both companies. These results suggest that sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOP) must be developed to control of microbial cintamination in seasoned and dried squid.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.2
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2007

This study is conducted to investigate the factors affecting lumber conversion rate of sawmill industry in South Korea. Data were obtained from the survey of 38 sawmills in all geographic regions of South Korea. The variables examined in this study were region, softwood/hardwood log, domestic/imported/both log, the number of power-driven carriages (PDC) installed, the year when and country where PDCs was manufactured, the horse power of PDC, the number of labors required to operate each PDC, the sawing capacity of mill (mill size), and the types of major product and by-products. The lumber recovery factor (LRF) of sawmills were significantly influenced by the origin of logs, level of PDC automation, sawmill size, and size of logs (measured in diameter and length) while not by the location of the mill, types of major product and by-product, log species, and characteristics of PDC. Although these results provide useful information for understanding the technological characteristics of the Korean sawmill industry, further investigation with larger sample is necessary to reveal the more reliable characteristics of sawmill industry in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.800-807
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the quality characteristics and microbial hazards of commercial garlic available in supermarkets, traditional markets, and online shopping malls. Total bacterial counts were 2.55 log CFU/g in whole garlic and 5.20~7.40 log CFU/g in processed garlic, possibly due to contamination during processing. The total bacterial count from garlic purchased in supermarkets was below 5 log CFU/g, while garlic purchased in traditional markets and online shopping malls had counts of 3.87~6.34 and 3.73~6.11 log CFU/g, respectively. Thus garlic purchased at supermarkets appears to be more hygienic than garlic from traditional markets or online shopping malls. Some garlic purchased from supermarkets also had a lower pH (4.96~5.17) compared to fresh chopped garlic (7.4~7.5), likely due to the addition of citric acid and ascorbic acid, to reduce microbes and prevent browning. The moisture content of chopped garlic was 61.92~89.32%, with moisture content in imported garlic from China above 75%. The L, a, and b color values were 52.63~64.47, -3.74~8.75, and 10.67~17.88, respectively. The a and b values of supermarket garlic (-3.74~-3.20 and 10.67~13.90) were lower due to the addition of citric acid.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.258-263
• /
• 2019

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly used as a rapid and accurate method of evaluating some chemical compositions in forages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of NIRS, applied to imported forage, to estimate the moisture and chemical parameters for imported hays. A population of 392 imported hay representing a wide range in chemical parameters was used in this study. Samples of forage were scanned at 1 nm intervals over the wavelength range 680-2500nm and the optical data was recorded as log 1/Reflectance(log 1/R), which scanned in intact fresh condition. The spectral data were regressed against a range of chemical parameters using partial least squares(PLS) multivariate analysis in conjunction with spectral math treatments to reduced the effect of extraneous noise. The optimum calibrations were selected based on the highest coefficients of determination in cross validation(R²) and the lowest standard error of cross-validation(SECV). The results of this study showed that NIRS predicted the chemical parameters with very high degree of accuracy. The R² and SECV for imported hay calibration were 0.92(SECV 0.61%) for moisture, 0.98(SECV 0.65%) for acid detergent fiber, 0.97(SECV 0.40%) for neutral detergent fiber, 0.99(SECV 0.06%) for crude protein and 0.97(SECV 3.04%) for relative feed value on a dry matter(%), respectively. Results of this experiment showed the possibility of NIRS method to predict the moisture and chemical composition of imported hay in Korea for routine analysis method to evaluate the feed value.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 2022

The consumption of Flammulina velutipes mushroom imported from Korea has been associated with the cases of listeriosis in the United States, Canada, and Australia. We investigated the effect of sanitizing the plastic wrapper (used in packaging F. velutipes) with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and ultraviolet C waterproof light-emitting diode (UVC-W-LED) on reducing the Listeria monocytogenes. Further, the effect of UVC-LED on L. monocytogenes growth in F. velutipes at different storage temperatures (2, 4, and 10℃) was determined. The combined (SAEW+UVC-W-LED) treatment for 5-10 min reduced 99.9% of bacterial population from the contaminated plastic wrapper. In addition, the UVC-LED treatment for 3 min reduced the L. monocytogenes concentration in F. velutipes by 0.47 log CFU/g. Moreover, the growth of L. monocytogenes in the treated mushrooms was slower than that of the untreated (control) ones. L. monocytogenes concentration in F. velutipes increased over 3 log CFU/g at 2℃ and 10℃ for 60 and 10 days, respectively. The growth of L. monocytogenes at the bottom of mushrooms was faster than that at the top at both the temperatures. These results indicate that the combined SAEW+UVC-W-LED treatment of plastic wrappers and the UVC-LED treatment of mushrooms can be used as potential hurdle technologies to control the risk of L. monocytogenes in mushrooms prior to packaging at farms.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.22 no.3 s.56
• /
• pp.174-180
• /
• 1983

Five species, Hypothenemus californicus, Coccotrypes carpophagus, Othotomicus angulatus, Tomicus brevipilosus and Xyleborus seriatus were recognized firstly from Korea. Two species of them, H. californicus and C. carpophagus were preserved at Life Science Museum of Brigham Young university in U.S.A. X. seriatus intercepted at Kobe in Japan from imported yew log which had shipped at Nampo in North Korea was sent by Dr. F. G. Browne in England. Thirteen recorded species were also examined in this study.