• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2022

From March to August 2021, a total of 66 lip makeup products were collected from Seoul to measure the contents of lead, arsenic, cadmium, antimony, and nickel, and compared by product type (lip gloss, lip balm and lip tint), production area (domestic and imported), and user (for adults and children). The average metal contents were as follows; 0.284 ㎍/g for lead, 0.020 ㎍/g for arsenic, 0.003 ㎍/g for cadmium, 0.004 ㎍/g for antimony and 0.415 ㎍/g for nickel. The results of lip cosmetics were below the recommended maximums in regulations on safety standards for cosmetics of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.255-273
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• 2019

Perceptions of beauty change and are shared with others in the media of emotional words. In the modern age, a mix of traditional and modern make-up cultures has changed the standards of beauty. Therefore, an analysis using emotional words (an image that consumers have for certain subjects) and an image scale that intuitively shows them can be an important means for understanding changes in the "beauty of the time". This paper considered changes in typical aesthetic characteristics that women pursued through make-up by analyzing emotional words in white make-up powder advertisement texts from the 1920s through the 1930s. Imported modern technologies changed cosmetic manufacturing techniques and advertising methods to create a momentum that changed women's make-up culture from light to heavy make-up or from white to color make-up. Such changes have led to changes in the perception of beauty and were expressed through sensitive vocabularies such as pure, new, fresh, lofty, lively, healthy, and cheery. Such changes reflect social aspects such as women's aspirations for high status, pursuit of security, or women's roles under the wartime regime to show a change from beauty with an attribute of [+cool] to that of [+soft].

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.193-208
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• 2023

One of the most significant medical advancements in human history is the development of vaccines. Progress in vaccine development has always been greatly influenced by scientific human innovation. The main objective of vaccine development would be to acquire sufficient evidence of vaccine effectiveness, immunogenicity, safety, and/or quality to support requests for marketing approval. Vaccines are biological products that enhance the body's defenses against infectious diseases. From the first smallpox vaccine to the latest notable coronavirus disease 2019 nasal vaccine, India has come a long way. The development of numerous vaccines, driven by scientific innovation and advancement, combined with researcher's knowledge, has helped to reduce the global burden of disease and mortality rates. The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules of 1945 and the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules of 2019 specify the requirements and guidelines for CMC (chemistry, manufacturing, and controls) for all manufactured and imported vaccines, including those against coronavirus infections. This article provides an overview of the regulation pertaining to the development process, registration, and approval procedures for vaccines, particularly in India, along with their brief history.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.93-112
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the flow of e-commerce freight transported by maritime transportation for China and to identify the characteristics of cargo by region/item for finding the ways to promote e-commerce export to China. Thus, this study analyzed the e-commerce export and import data on cargo moved via maritime transportation between Korea and China from 2015 to 1Q18, using Origin-Destination(OD) analysis and visualization techniques. The results indicated that the largest number of Chinese e-commerce cargoes were imported at Incheon Port, which has a clearance facility for e-commerce cargo. In the case of Pyeongtaek Port, e-commerce cargo imported from China has transported to Incheon Customs again, causing the inefficiency through the customs clearance process. Unlike the case of e-commerce imports where the final destination is distributed nationwide, e-commerce products exported to China through maritime transportation were found to be mainly confined to Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces, where freight forwarding companies and forwarders are concentrated. In addition, unlike e-commerce import cargoes, e-commerce items exported through maritime transportation were mainly confined to clothing and cosmetics, and export volume was also less than imports. This study provides some possible strategies to increase the volume of freight and to attract export products as follows: i) to diversify products exported to China through e-commerce transshipment, ii) to diversify export items by building the cold chain in e-commerce transport with China.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.581-591
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• 2023

Domestic processed food exports might increase due to the free trade agreement (FTA) and spread of the Korean Wave, Hallyu. However, the share of the domestic raw materials in the domestic processed food industry is very low at 31.4%, which limits the spillover effect on domestic agriculture. Therefore, we selected frozen dumplings as a representative processed food whose exports are growing rapidly and conducted a multiple regression analysis to examine the effects of Hallyu and FTA variables on the frozen dumpling exports. We tried to link them to an increase in agricultural income through the expansion of demand for the domestic raw materials. This study analyzed tariff indicator as the FTA variable, cosmetics export value indicator as the Hallyu Wave variable, and other variables expected to change the trade environment such as gross domestic product (GDP) and the relative exchange rate by country as the key explanatory variables that affect changes in the trade environment. The analysis showed that the core hypothesis, the Hallyu variable and the FTA variable, have a positive impact on frozen dumpling exports. Frozen dumpling exports are expected to increase as the FTAs and the spread of Hallyu are expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Therefore, we should seek ways to increase the proportion of domestically produced ingredients in the frozen dumplings to spread the economic impact to domestic agriculture. We reviewed previous studies and determined, the price-related factors play a major role in the use of imported ingredients, and that price stability and competitiveness are essential to increase the share of the domestically produced ingredients. Based on these conclusions, we reviewed the current status of food industry-related policies and determined measures needed to expand the use of domestically produced ingredients.