• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.spc
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• pp.75-88
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• 2003

This study reviewed behavioral studies that have been conducted to prevent accidents. The studies were analyzed according to settings, subjects, experimental design, dependent and independent variables. Based on this analysis, issues important for conducting future research are proposed. The analysis indicated that behavioral studies have several limitations although they have been successful in preventing accidents. Especially, variables in individual levels that have been related to the accidents have not been appropriately dealt with in the behavioral studies. Similarly, several important variables in organizational levels have not been implemented in the behavioral studies. Therefore, these variables should be more appropriately dealt with in future behavioral research to increase the effectiveness of accident prevention programs. In addition, theoretical relationship between dimensions of independent and dependent variables and maintenance of programs need to be studied further.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.93-106
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• 1998

The purpose of this study were to find the general trends of middle-aged couples' caregiving burden, to investigate correlation between husbands and wives, to estimate the differences according to related variables and analyze the effects of significant variables influencing on caregiving burden. The data were obtained from 172 middle-aged couples living in Seoul and Kwangju. The major findings were as follows; 1. Scores of couples' caregiving burden were lower than medium. Especially, husbands' score were higher than wives' in a sense of guilt and haubands' caregiving burden correlated significantly with the wives'. 2. Couples' caregiving burden showed significant differences according to birth order of husband and family life satisfaction was the most differencial in family relationship variables. Social support and family value orientations were also significant variables. 3. The most influencial variable on husbands' caregiving burden was emotional support, and instrumental support on wives'. And life and communication satisfaction were very important variables. So family relationship must be enhanced and social support system's reinforcements are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.3 s.28
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• pp.295-307
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• 1988

The purposes of the study were to identify the general predictors of fashion leadership and to compare the fashion leadership predictors among different social groups. Thirty-one variables (thirteen fashion-related variables, five social variables, nine psychological variables, four demographic variables) were included in the regression analysis. Data were obtained from 446 women living in Seoul area by self-administered questionnaire. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Seven variables explained about 64 percent of the total variance of fashion leadership. The most important predictors of fashion leadership were fashion interest, use of marketer-dominated fashion information source, and 'stable-creative' self-image. 2. The predictors that consistently predict fashion leadership across different social groups (students, career women, housewives) were fashion interest and use of marketer-dominated information source. The predictors of innovativeness and opinion leadership were very different among groups.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2015

An important problem in cluster analysis is the selection of variables that define cluster structure that also eliminate noisy variables that mask cluster structure; in addition, outlier detection is a fundamental task for cluster analysis. Here we provide an automated K-means clustering process combined with variable selection and outlier identification. The Automated K-means clustering procedure consists of three processes: (i) automatically calculating the cluster number and initial cluster center whenever a new variable is added, (ii) identifying outliers for each cluster depending on used variables, (iii) selecting variables defining cluster structure in a forward manner. To select variables, we applied VS-KM (variable-selection heuristic for K-means clustering) procedure (Brusco and Cradit, 2001). To identify outliers, we used a hybrid approach combining a clustering based approach and distance based approach. Simulation results indicate that the proposed automated K-means clustering procedure is effective to select variables and identify outliers. The implemented R program can be obtained at http://www.knou.ac.kr/~sskim/SVOKmeans.r.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.471-483
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• 2012

One of the most important problems in cluster analysis is the selection of variables that truly define cluster structure, while eliminating noisy variables that mask such structure. Brusco and Cradit (2001) present VS-KM(variable-selection heuristic for K-means clustering) procedure for selecting true variables for K-means clustering based on adjusted Rand index. This procedure starts with the fixed number of clusters in K-means and adds variables sequentially based on an adjusted Rand index. This paper presents an updated procedure combining the VS-KM with the automated K-means procedure provided by Kim (2009). This automated variable selection procedure for K-means clustering calculates the cluster number and initial cluster center whenever new variable is added and adds a variable based on adjusted Rand index. Simulation result indicates that the proposed procedure is very effective at selecting true variables and at eliminating noisy variables. Implemented program using R can be obtained on the website "http://faculty.knou.ac.kr/sskim/nvarkm.r and vnvarkm.r".

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2015

The concept of sub-independence is based on the convolution of the distributions of the random variables. It is much weaker than that of independence, but is shown to be sufficient to yield the conclusions of important theorems and results in probability and statistics. It also provides a measure of dissociation between two random variables which is much stronger than uncorrelatedness. Inspired by the excellent work of Jin and Lee (2014), we present certain characterizations of gamma distribution based on the concept of sub-independence.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.22 no.52
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• pp.141-153
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• 1999

The focus of marketing study on the strategic tools has shifted from traditional 4Ps'(product, price, place and promotion) to macro relationship marketing which places emphasis on interfirm relationships. The purpose of this study is to develope antecedent variables of relationship type which play the most important role of interfirm relationships, and the antecedent variables of relationship structure comprises three factors : 1) transactional relationship structure, 2) hierarchical relationship structure and 3) embedded relationship structure.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of emergency medical technicians' personal traits and job characteristics on job/social stress, job satisfaction, role conflicts, organizational commitment, and self-efficacy. The study population was emergency medical technicians who is working at the hospitals in Yeungnam province. The 200 questionnaires were administered by using ground mail, e-mail, and personal visits and 156 questionnaires were returned(82.5% response rate). Social stress, job satisfaction and role conflicts were significantly determined by personal traits and job characteristic variables. However, job stress, organizational commitment and self-efficacy was only significantly determined by job characteristic variables. In social stress and role conflicts, the subjects with challenge, sociability, acceptance and prudence traits were tend to be significantly higher scores compared to the stability traits. Additionally, among social stress regression models, adding job characteristics to the personal traits model, $R^2$ was increased up to 19% and adding personal traits to the job characteristics model, $R^2$ was increased up to 14%. In conclusion, the study found that personal traits and job characteristics are important variables in explaining social stress, job satisfaction and role conflicts, that would have important managerial implications for recruiting, hiring and managing either new or current emergency medical technicians efficiently.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.732-745
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of collective self-esteem on teachers' job stress. For the study, 223 teachers in elementary school, junior high school, and high school were selected and data on teachers' background variables, collective self-esteem, and job stress were collected. The relationship between variables was analysed by using multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: The job stress of teacher was significantly different according to teacher's gender, school level, and career experience. When the influence of background variables was controlled and multiple regression analysis was performed, the group self-esteem of teachers had a great influence on mitigating the perception of job stress. Particularly, it was shown that private collective self-esteem and importance to identity are the most important factors in mitigating job stress perception among the sub-variables of collective self-esteem. These results showed that it is an important task for our society to find an effective way to elevate the teacher's collective self-esteem. Teachers' collective self-esteem is expected to play a positive role not only in mitigating job stress but also in enhancing self-fulfillment and personal self-esteem of teacher.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

The work presented in this paper is divided into two parts. The first part presents finite urn problems which generate truncated negative binomial random variables. Some combinatorial identities that arose from the negative binomial sampling and truncated negative binomial sampling are established. These identities are constructed and serve important roles when we deal with these distributions and their characteristics. Other important results including cumulants and moments of the distributions are given in somewhat simple forms. Second, the distributions of the maximum of two chi-square variables and the distributions of the maximum correlated F-variables are then derived within the negative binomial sampling scheme. Although multinomial theory applied to order statistics and standard transformation techniques can be used to derive these distributions, the negative binomial sampling approach provides more information and deeper insight regarding the nature of the relationship between the sampling vehicle and the probability distributions of these functions of chi-square variables. We also provide an algorithm to compute the percentage points of these distributions. We supplement our findings with exact simple computational methods where no interpolations are involved.