• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2008

For Longevity of implant, considerations of biomechanical and microbiological aspects must be done. Recently, due to the remarkable development of bone grafting procedure. Implant has been implanted into the more favorable sites but peri-implantitis resulted from periodontal bacteria may obscure the long-term prognosis. Although many different modalities have been introduced to treat the failed implant. Implant's surface and irreversible bony destruction around the implant prevents good result. After Er,Cr:YSGG (waterlase) laser using the wave-length of 2780nm has been introduced to dental field, good results have been reported. Because waterlase uses the hydrokinetic force of water. It is excellent device to detoxify the implant surface mechanically without the heat generation and damage to the implant surface. We designed to evaluate waterlase effect on the peri-implantitis has been occurred after implantation. Four beagle dogs were involved. We have made four premolar extraction in each right and left side of the lower jaw and placed two implants in the anterior of the jaw as a control and six implant were placed posterior in each socket after extraction immediately as an experimental group. We tied floss-silk in each implant to make peri-implantitis intentionally. After three months, we explored peri-implant sites on each experimental fixtures. Using waterlase laser irradiation was performed on that implantitis sites under 3W, air 30% and water 20% intensity for 2 minutes. In control group, we repositioned the flap to cover the exposed fixture without any supportive care. Three months later, we sacrificed experimental animals and extracted and preparated bone blocks with Donath and Breuner (982), Donath (988)'s methods and examined under microscope. We have obtained good re-osseointegration around fixtures after treating with waterlaser irradiation. But it was shown fibroosseointegration in the control group.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.455-469
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• 1994

Regular radiographic examination has been considered an essential diagnositic method for osseointegrated dental implantation. This study investigated marginal bone loss through the measurement on periapical radiographs and changes in bone density through digital subtraction image radiographic method around 88 endoseous root-form dental implants in 43 human subjects. Four types of endosseous dental implants were investigated : Standard series, Mini series and Hex-lock system of Steri-Oss Dental implant system, and $Br{\aa}nemark$-type implant from 3i dental implant system, in a 3 month interval for a total period of 12 months. The results were as follows : 1. Rapid bone loss occurred in the first 3 months in all 4 groups, and the bone level stabilized at the first thread of the implant fixtures. Amount of bone loss for 12 months showed correlation with the length of the polished neck portion. 2. Most of the implant systems showed resorption of alveolar bone up to the polished neck portion although a long polished neck could delay the resolution. 3. Alveolar bone loss apical to the polished neck portion stabilized at the first thread of the fixtures with no correlation to either the time of exposure of the polished neck or types of implant systems. 4. No changes in bone density around the implant threads were observed throughout the experimental period. Bone density decreased at the marginal bone, and increased at the newly-formed alveolar crest. These results indicate that most of the alveolar bone loss occur within the first 12 months after installation of endosseous root-form dental implants resulting in the exposure of polished neck portions, and the bone level stabilizes thereafter at the first thread portions of the implant fixtures. The experimental period of 12 months seems insufficient for observing changes in bone density, and a long-term observation should be needed.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2012

In order to make dental implant surgery successful, it is important to perform proper planning for dental implant placement. In this paper, we propose a decent approach to dental implant placement planning based on geometric processing of 3D models of jawbones, a nerve curve and neighboring teeth around a missing tooth. Basically, the minimum enclosing cylinders of the neighboring teeth around the missing tooth are properly used to determine the position and direction of the implant placement. The position is computed according to the radii of the cylinders and the center points of their top faces. The direction is computed by the weighted average of the axes of the cylinders. For a cylinder whose axis passes the position along the direction, its largest radius and longest length are estimated such that it does not interfere with the neighboring teeth and the nerve curve, and they are used to select the size and type of an implant fixture. From the geometric and spatial information of the jawbones, the teeth and the fixture, we can construct the 3D model of a surgical guide stent which is crucial to perform the drilling operation with ease and accuracy. We have shown the validity of the proposed approach by performing the finite element analysis of the influence of implant placement on bone stress distribution. Adopted in 3D simulation of dental implant placement, the approach can be used to provide dental students with good educational contents. It is also expected that, with further work, the approach can be used as a useful tool to plan for dental implant surgery.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제44권11호통권450호
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• pp.739-747
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• 2006

Objectives. The standardization of connection between fixture and abutment has not been defined. The success of dental implants was not always depends on connection. However, the connection mechanism is one of the most important things for dental implant treatment success. Most implant systems are very comparable in their design and engineering. They share many common characteristics and have similar strengths and weaknesses. Their significant weaknesses are connection, microgap and the resulting micromovement allowing bacterial contamination and bone loss. In the present study, we investigated the clinical performance of Ankylos implant (conical connection implant) Patients and Methods. The clinical performance of conical connection implant was studied under well-controlled clinical conditions. A total of 133 conical connection implants were placed in 50 patients from April 2005 to March 2006. The mean follow-up loading period of implants which was considered successful was 220$\pm$29 days. We recorded the age, sex, installation site, reason of edentulous region, bone density of installation site, diameter and length of dental implants and periods from installation to uncovering surgery using patients medical chart. Results Four Ankylos implants were lost during pre-loading period. 129 implants provided excellent clinical performance during 220$\pm$29 days on an average. The short-term success rate of this conical connection implant system was 96.99%.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2007

마이크로 임플란트의 식립 혹은 제거 시의 토오크는 안정성과 기계적 파절 가능성에 대한 척도가 되므로 골조건 및 임플란트의 디자인과 연계한 생역학적 분석을 통해 이를 해석적으로 예측하는 수단을 갖는 것이 의미 있는 과제라 사료된다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 국산 Absoanchor (Dentos Inc. Daegu, Korea) 마이크로 임플란트 모델을 대상으로 하여 기본적 디자인 변수(design parameter)인 길이, 직경, 나사산 크기와 토오크 및 임플란트의 비틀림 파절강도와의 역학적 상관관계에 대해 해석하였으며, 골특성이 미치는 영향을 고려하기 위해서 임플란트/해면골 계면의 저항력$(S_{can})$을 $1.0{\sim}2.5MPa$ 범위로 설정하였다. 분석을 위해 임플란트 디자인 변수들만의 함수인 토오크 지수와 비틀림 파절 강도의 지표인 강도 지수를 정의하였다. 분석결과, 임플란트 직경이 증가할수록 토오크 지수가 증가하지만 강도 지수가 토오크 지수보다 증가율이 커서 비틀림 파절에 대한 안전영역이 증가하였으며, 나사산 높이가 커지면 토오크 지수가 증가하지만 강도 지수는 감소되는 것을 관찰하였다. Absoanchor 마이크로 임플란트는 해면골과 계면에서의 저항력$(S_{can})$이 1.0 MPa 이하에서는 전 모델이 토오크에 의한 비틀림 파절로부터 안전한 것으로 분석되었으나 $(S_{can})$이 증가하면 일부 모델에서는 파절 위험성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. $S_{can}$이 1.5 MPa수준에서는 경부직경이 1.5 mm 이상이면 전체 길이$(5{\sim}12mm)$에서 안전하였다. 또한, $S_{can}$이 2.0 MPa 수준에서 식립깊이 8 mm를 가지려면 경부직경이 1.5 mm 이상인 모델을 선정하는 것이 안전한 것으로 분석되었다. 항불안을 측정하는 EPM 실험에서도 1회나 2주간 SCE 10mg/kg과 100mg/kg을 투여 받은 생쥐에서 생리 식염수만 투여 받은 생쥐보다 open arms에서 머무는 시간이 유의하게 증가되어 SCE가 단기 또는 장기간의 항불안에 효과가 있음을 나타냈다. 시험관내 실험 결과에서는, SCE와 SCE-40이 SERT, NET, 그리고 GABA ligand의 결합 억제능이 있음이 확인되었고, SCE와 SCE-40은 serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT)과, norepinephrine의 uptake를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 본 연구는 효모 추출물(SCE)과 그 분획(SCE-40)이 행동적, 신경학적으로 항우울, 항불안에 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 효모 추출물(SCE)과 그 분획(SCE-40)이 안전한 천연식품으로서 우울증, 불안증 등의 관련 질환의 예방, 치료용 의약품 개발과 기능성 식품에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8%) 및 white clover 23%를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 초종과 파종비율에 따른 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치의 차이를 확인할 수 있었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파 초지가 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이는데 효과적이었다.\ell}$ 이었으며 , yeast extract 첨가(添加)하여 배양시(培養時)는 yeast extract 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 단백질(蛋白質) 함량(含量)도 증가(增加)하였다. 7. CHS-13 균주(菌株)의 RNA 함량(含量)은 $4.92{\times}10^{-2 }\;mg/m{\ell}$이었으며 yeast extract 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 증가(增加)하다가 농도(濃度) 0.2%에서 최대함량(最大含量)을 나타내고 그후는 감소(減少)

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2017

목적:본 연구에서는 long internal connection 형태의 임플란트 지대주를 내부 연결 길이에 변화를 주어 임플란트-지대주 결합부의 안정성을 비교 평가해 보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: Long internal connection의 임플란트(Replus system, $4.7{\times}11.5mm$)를 각각 지대주의 길이에 따라 4개의 군(1, 2, 3, 4 mm 군)으로 나누었고 총 20개의 시편을 사용하였다. 시편을 레진에 매몰하여 고정시키고 100 N의 힘으로 임플란트 장축에 대해 30도의 각도에서 $1.0{\times}10^6$ 번의 반복하중을 가한 후 하중 전 후의 풀림회전력의 차이를 계산하여 95% 유의수준에서 Kruskal-Wallis 검정 방법을 통해 통계 분석하였다. 결과:지대주 내부 길이에 따른 풀림 회전력의 통계적 유의성은 나타나지 않았으며 (P > .05) 어떤 시편에서도 완전한 나사 풀림이나 나사 파절은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 내측 연결 임플란트에서 지대주 내부길이에 따른 나사 풀림의 정도는 차이가 나지 않았다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2013

PURPOSE. Template-guided implant therapy has developed hand-in-hand with computed tomography (CT) to improve the accuracy of implant surgery and future prosthodontic treatment. In our present study, the accuracy and causative factors for computer-assisted implant surgery were assessed to further validate the stable clinical application of this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 102 implants in 48 patients were included in this study. Implant surgery was performed with a stereolithographic template. Pre- and post-operative CTs were used to compare the planned and placed implants. Accuracy and related factors were statistically analyzed with the Spearman correlation method and the linear mixed model. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at $P{\leq}.05$. RESULTS. The mean errors of computer-assisted implant surgery were 1.09 mm at the coronal center, 1.56 mm at the apical center, and the axis deviation was $3.80^{\circ}$. The coronal and apical errors of the implants were found to be strongly correlated. The errors developed at the coronal center were magnified at the apical center by the fixture length. The case of anterior edentulous area and longer fixtures affected the accuracy of the implant template. CONCLUSION. The control of errors at the coronal center and stabilization of the anterior part of the template are needed for safe implant surgery and future prosthodontic treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2010

Introduction: Mini-implant system is applicable to areas of narrow space and area requiring temporary loading support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of a mini-implant system as well as the application of mini-implant system in the dental clinical field. Materials and Methods: The patients who had been operated from Jan 2007 to Dec 2007 in the four dental facility including Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were enrolled. To evaluate the factors associated with the clinical outcome, the patients were classified according to gender, age, area of surgery, type of implant, diameter and length of the implant, and the purpose of the mini-implant system application. Results: From 147 implants, only three implants failed, one of them was for temporary loading. There were no serious surgical or prosthetic complications in this study. Conclusion: An analysis of the preliminary data revealed a satisfactory clinical outcome. However, more long-term evaluation of narrow ridge type as well as the patient’s satisfaction on the use of a provisional type mini-implant system is needed.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2021

PURPOSE. Several studies focused on the accuracy of intra-oral scanners in implant dentistry, but the data of inter-implant distances were not widely mentioned. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of distance between two implants on the surface distortion of scanned models generated by intra-oral scanners. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three models with the distances between two fixed scan bodies of 7, 14, and 21 mm were fabricated and scanned with a highly precise D900L dental laboratory scanner as reference models. Fifteen scans were performed with TRIOS3 and CEREC Omnicam intra-oral scanners. Trueness, precision, and angle deviation of the test models were analyzed (α=.05). RESULTS. There was a significant difference among inter-implant distances in both intraoral scanners (P<.001). The error of trueness and precision increased with the increasing inter-implant length, while the angle deviation did not show the same trend. A significant difference in the angle deviation was found among the inter-implant distance. The greatest angle deviation was reported in the 14-mm group of both scanners (P<.05). In contrast, the lowest angle deviation in the 21-mm group of the TR scanner and the 7-mm of the CR scanner was reported (P<.001). CONCLUSION. The inter-implant distance affected the accuracy of intra-oral scanner. The error of trueness and precision increased along with the increasing distance between two implants. However, the distortions were not clinically significant. Regarding angle deviation, the clinically significant angle deviation may be possible when using intra-oral scanners in the partially edentulous arch.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.425-442
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• 2004

Statement of problem: A difficulty in achieving a passive-fitting prosthesis can be overcome by individual crown restoation of multiple implants. But individualized crown has another difficulty in control of contact tightness and stress distribution. Purpose: This in vitro study is to evaluate the stress distribution and the magnitude in the supporting tissues around Endopore implants with different crown lengths, interproximal contact tightness, and the splinting effects. Material & methods: Three Endopore implants($4.1{\times}9mm$) were placed in the mandibular posterior edentulous area distal to the canine and photoelastic model was made with PL-2 resin(Measurements Group, Raleigh, USA). Restorations were fabricated in two crown lengths: 9, 13 mm. For non-splinted restorations, individual crowns were fabricated on three custom-milled titanium abutments. After the units were cemented, 4 levels of interproximal contact tightness were evaluated: open, ideal($8{\mu}m$ shim stock drags without tearing), medium($40{\mu}m$), and heavy($80{\mu}m$). For splinted restorations, 3-unit fixed partial dentures were fabricated. This study was examined under simulated non-loaded and loaded conditions(6.8 kg). Photoelastic stress analysis was carried out to measure the fringe order around the implant supporting structure. Results: 1. When restorations were not splinted, the more interproximal contact tightness was increased among the three implants, the more stress was shown in the cervical region of each implant. When crown length was increased, stresses tended to increase in the apex of implants but there were little differences in stress fringes. 2. When nonsplinted restorations were loaded on the first or third implant, stresses were increased in the apex and cervical region of loaded implant. Regardless of interproximal contact tightness level, stresses were not distributed among the three implants. But with tighter interproximal contact, stresses were increased in the cervical region of loaded first or third implant. 3. When the nonsplinted restorations were not loaded, there were little stresses on the supporting structure of implants, but low level stresses were shown in the splinted restorations even after sectioning and soldering. 4. With splinted restorations, there were little differences in stresses between different crown lengths. When splinted restorations were loaded, stresses were increased slightly on the loaded implant, but relatively even stress distribution occurred among the three implants. Conclusions: Splinting the crowns of adjacent implants is recommended for Endopore implants under the overloading situation.