• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 NiTi scissors-bite corrector를 세 가지 서로 다른 굵기 $0.018"{\times}0.025",\;0.016"{\times}0.022"$, 0.016"의 NiTi 와이어로 제작하였을 때 각각의 치아 이동 양상을 치아 이동 시뮬레이션 장치인 Calorific machine을 이용하여 3차원적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 가위교합에 이환된 상악 제2대구치 모형을 제작하고 제2소구치와 제1대구치 사이에 교정용 미니 임플랜트(orthodontic mini-implant)를 식립하여 제1대구치에 간접골성고정원을 설계하였다. 세 가지 굵기의 NiTi scissors-bite corrector를 부착하여 실험하였다. 치아의 이동 전후에 실험 모형은 computed tomography(CT)로 촬영하고 3차원 데이터로 변환하여 중첩하였다. 치아 이동 방향과 이동량을 계측하여, NiTi scissors-bite corrector 와이어 굵기에 따른 치아 이동 양상에 관한 통계적 유의성을 검정한 결과, 제2대구치 치관의 설측 이동량은 $0.018"{\times}0.025"$군(2.65 mm)이 가장 많았으며, 0.016"군(1.96 mm)과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 제2대구치 치관의 압하량은 $0.018"{\times}0.025"$군(2.35 mm), $0.016"{\times}0.022"$군(1.18 mm), 0.016"군(1.00 mm)으로 $0.018"{\times}0.025"$군이 나머지 두 군과 유의한 차이를 보였고(p<0.05), 치근의 압하량은 $0.018"{\times}0.025"$군(4.19 mm), $0.016"{\times}0.022"$군(3.29 mm), 0.016"군(2.24 mm)으로 세 군 간 모두 통계적 유의차를 보였다(p<0.05). 치아의 이동 양상을 관찰한 결과, 0.016"군에서는 제2대구치 치근의 협측 이동이 나타나지 않았다. 간접골성고정원으로 사용된 제1대구치의 고정원 소실은 0.2 mm 이하로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 $0.018"{\times}0.025"$ NiTi 와이어로 제작한 NiTi scissors-bite corrector를 교정용 미니 임플랜트를 이용한 간접골성고정원과 함께 이용하였을 때, 최소한의 고정원의 소실과 함께 가장 큰 상악 제2대구치의 설측 이동 및 압하가 일어났다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.401-415
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• 1999

Root surfaces affected by periodontal disease undergo various forms of changes. Cementum exposure from gingival recession may result in absorption of calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride and subsequent hypermineralization and increased radiodensity. Although some reports have suggested that inorganic content with root cementum might show various changes depending upon age or extent of periodontal disease, but no consensus can be reached regarding the the distribution of various elements. The present study examines the difference in mineral content between healthy and periodontal diseased roots by analyzing three areas per tooth along the root surface in cervico-apical direction using electron probe and scanning electron microscope. Healthy tooth that was extracted for orthodontic purpose was used as control. Experimental teeth include those with periodontal pocket depth exceeding 6mm and those with gingival recession and periodontal pocket depth of 2-4mm. Levels of Ca, P, Mg and Na were measured using wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer at three areas per tooth. The examined areas were located apical to cemento-enamel junction in control and periodontal ligament-depleted areas in experimental teeth. The corresponding areas were also examined with scanning electron microscope(x70) The results are as follows. 1. Minerals were detected in order of Ca, P, Mg and Na. In all root surfaces, levels of Ca and P were higher in dentin than in cementum. 2. Level of Mg was twice as high in dentin than in cementum. There was no significant difference in the level of Mg and Na between normal and periodontal diseased roots or between the various locations in the same root. 3. Level of Ca and P in the surface cementum showed no difference between normal and periodontal diseased root, although the areas in dentin with high level of either ion also showed high level of corresponding ion in cementum. 4. Difference in the Ca and P content between various locations within the same root was noted, although no coherent pattern existed. These results suggest that although the mineral content of the root cementum in periodontitis-affected tooth is affected by exogenous ions from saliva and food, but there was no difference in the mineral contents between normal and periodontally diseased root.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.967-987
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• 1996

The present study was to evaluate the healing patterns of guided tissue regeneration( GTR) using resorbable $Vicryl^{(R)}$(polyglactin 910) mesh and nonresorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE) membrane with or without bone grafting using autogeneous bone and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA) in the grade II furcation defects. Mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected buccally in the mandibular 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolar areas and furcation defects were created surgically by removing $5{\times}6mm$ alveolar bone in 4 dogs. Root surfaces were thoroughly debrided of periodontal ligament and cementum, and notches were placed on root surface at the most apical bone level. In the right and left mandibular quadrant, each tooth was received $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh(ACE Surgical Supply Co., USA) only, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with DFDBA, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with autogeneous bone grafts, ePTFE membrane($Core-tex^{(R)}$ membrane, W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., USA) only, ePTFE membrane with DFDBA or ePTFE membrane with autogeneous bone grafts. For the fluorescent microscopic examination, fluorescent agents were injected at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Four weeks after surgery, 2 dogs were sacrificed and ePTFE membranes were removed from remaining 2 dogs, which were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery. Undecalcified tissues were embedded in methylmethacrylate and $10{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut in a buccolingual direction. These sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain, and evaluated by descriptive histology and linear measurements. The results were as follows : 1) $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh group showed less connective tissue attachment than ePTFE membrane group. 2) The combination of GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh and osseous grafts resulted in new attachment and new bone formation more than GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh only. 3) GTR using ePTFE membrane, with or without osseous grafts, enhanced periodontal regeneration. 4) Root resorption and dentoalveolar ankylosis were observed in the areas treated with the combination of GTR and DFDBA. It was suggested that the effect of adjunctive bone grafting in GTR procedure depends on the materials and the physical properties of barrier membranes. $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh performed a barrier function and the use of adjunctive bone grafting may enhance the periodontal regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.933-948
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the anatomic structures of the mandible-inferior alveolar canal, mental foramen, mental canal-with panoramic radiography and conventional tomography and to compare both radiographic techniques in conjunction with endosseous implants. In this study 14 adult dentulous mandibles -27 cases of right and left side of mandibles- were examined and the results were as follows. 1. The distance between superior border of the inferior alveolar canal and the alveolar ridge crest showed a decreasing tendency from the mental foramen to 4cm posterior to the mental foramen. 2. The mean diameter of the inferior alveolar canal was $4.11{\pm}0.50mm$ with panoramic radiography and $3.29{\pm}0.59mm$ with conventional tomography. 3. The inferior border of the inferior alveolar canal and inferior border of the mandible was closest at 2cm posterior to the mental foramen but it was not statistically significant. the mean distance was $1l.64{\pm}2.95mm$ in panoramic radiography and $1l.68{\pm} 2.91mm$ in conventional tomography. 4. The inferior alveolar canal located lingually in bucco-lingual direction 16%(mental foramen), 54%(lcm posterior to the mental foramen), 68%(2cm posterior to the mental foramen), 50%(3cm posterior to mental foramen), 55%(4cm posterior to the mental foramen). 5. Mean length of the anterior loop of the mental canal was 2.73mm, and the loop below 2mm was 35% and 15% of mental canal was invisible in panoramic radiography. 6. The minimum interforaminal distance was 56.7mm, the maximum distance was 73.2mm and the mean distance was 66.42mm in panoramic radiography. 7. The mean distance between midpoint of the mental canal and alveolar ridge crest was 16.24mm and the mean buccolingual angulation of the mental canal was $52.98^{\circ}$ in conventional tomography. 8. In comparison of panoramic radiography and conventional tomography, inferior alveolar canal is better visualized with conventional tomography than panoramic radiography from the mental foramen to the 2cm posterior to the mental foramen, while visiblity of conventional tomography prominently decreased in 4cm posterior to the mental foramen and alveolar ridge crest is better visualized with panoramic radiography than conventional radiography at the mental foramen and at 4cm posterior to the mental foramen. In radiologic examination of anatomic structures of the mandible for endosseous implants, panoramic radiography and conventional tomography can be effectively used when it is used to overcome the anatomic limitations.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

Purpose: Many options are available for the incision and pocket selection in breast augmentation. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. To leave an invisible operation scar and to achieve easier pocket dissection by the central location of the incision on the breast, we made a transareolar-perinipple incision. To overcome the disadvantages of the transareolar incision, originally advocated by Pitanguy in 1973, we modified the direction of incision line and dissection plane. Methods: To avoid the injury of 4th intercostal nerve responsible for nipple sensation, we made perinipple incision on the medial side of the nipple instead of trans-nipple incision and made the transareolar incision as 11-5 o'clock on the left side and 1-7 o'clock on the right side instead of 3-9 o'clock on both sides. To avoid the possible infection and breast feeding problem caused by the injury to the lactiferous duct, and the possible implant hernia caused by the incisions lying on a same plane of pocket dissection, we made a subcutaneous dissection just above the breast tissue medially down to the bottom of breast tissue and made a subglandular or subfascial pocket, which may avoid the injury of lactiferous duct and create different planes for skin incision and pocket dissection. Other advantages of the transareolar-perinipple incision include easier pocket dissection, less chance of hematoma, and as a result less postoperative pain because of the central location of the approach which allow finger dissection and meticulous bleeding control with direct vision, without any specialized instrument such as an endoscope or long mammary dissectors. As for pocket selection, we made dual pockets. We prefer subglandular or subfascial pocket. Also, we made a subpectoral pocket in the upper 1/4 of the pocket to add more volume on the upper part of the augmented breast, which can make aesthetically more desirable breasts in thin Asian women with small breasts. Possible disadvantages of our method are subclinical infection and scar widening, which could be overcome by meticulous operation techniques, antibiotic therapy, and intradermal tattooing. Results: From September, 2003 to August, 2005, 12 patients underwent breast augmentation using round smooth surface saline implants by our method. During the mean follow-up period of 13 months, there were no complications such as infection, hematoma, capsular contracture, and sensory change of nipple, and results were satisfactory. Conclusion: We suggest breast augmentation via transareolar-perinipple incision and dual pockets(subpectoral-subglandular or subfascial) as a valuable method in thin oriental women with small breasts.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2015

임상교과목 위주로 각 교재에 대한 분석을 통해 각 과목에서 중복되는 내용의 실태를 파악하여 향후 효율적인 역할 중심의 임상통합교육의 방향을 제안하기 위한 기초자료로 이용하고자 시도한 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 현재 교재로 사용되고 있는 임상교과목 7개 교과목은 구강악안면외 과학 4종, 치과보철학 3종, 치과보존학 3종, 소아치과학 4종, 치주학 5종, 치과교정학 5종, 치과재료학 2종으로 평균 3.7권의 교재가 출판되고 있었다. 이중 치과교정학과 치주학은 5종으로 가장 많이 출판되고 있었으며, 치과재료학은 2권으로 가장 적게 출판되고 있는 교과목인 것으로 확인되었다. "치과임플란트"의 경우 구강악안면외과학 3종, 치과보철학 2종, 치주학 5종, 치과재료학 2종의 4개 교과목에 포함되어 있었다. "수복치료"는 치과보존학 3종, 소아치과학 4종 그리고 치과재료학 2종의 3개 교과목 모든 교재에 포함되어 있었다. "교합 및 부정교합"은 치과보철학 3종, 소아치과학 4종 그리고 치과교정학 5종의 3개 교과목 모든 교재에 포함되어 있었다. "악관절 질환"은 구강악안면외과학 4종과 치과보철학 3종의 모든 교재에 포함되어 있었다. "마취 진정요법"은 구강악안면외과학 4종과 소아치과학 3종에서, "치아의 외상"은 구강악안면외과학 4종과 소아치과학 2종의 교재에 포함되어 있었다. "전신질환과 치과치료"는 구강악안면외과학 3종과 치주학 3종의 교재에 포함되어 있었다. "치과 기공"은 치과보철학 2종과 치과재료학 2종의 교재에 포함되어 있었다. "방습법"은 치과보존학 3종과 소아치과학 2종에서, "치아우식", "치수치료"는 치과보존학 3종과 소아치과학 4종의 모든 교재에 포함되어 있었다. "치아미백"은 치과보존학 2종과 치과재료학 1종에서, "치수보호"는 치과보존학 2종과 치과재료학 2종의 교재에 포함되어 있었다. "치은염 및 치주질환"은 소아치과학 4종과 치주학 5종의 모든 교재에 포함되어 있었으며, "치아의 발육"은 소아치과학 3종과 치과교정학 5종의 교재에 포함되어 있었다. 결론적으로 향후 임상교과목 교재의 질적인 성장을 위하여 더 체계적이고 다양한 연구를 통해 세밀한 검토가 이루어져야 할 것이다.