• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.109-116
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• 2019

In this study, a GIS-based park safety assessment index was developed to enable objective park vulnerability assessment through data-based GIS analysis, a safety assessment was conducted by selecting a target site where various parks are operated and applying the park safety assessment index. In addition, a facility management system was developed for efficient management of the park safety assessment to update the park safety and provide a foothold for indirect PPGIS. In the case of the assessment index of the safety rating of the park, it was possible to conclude that the accurate quantitative performance was given to the calculation of the safety grade of the park based on the fact that the facilities are different depending on the environment and the size of the park. In addition, the marking the safety grade of parks, as well as the function to show the safety facilities of parks, a common living area for citizens, the management system is expected to have an impact on promoting the use of parks. In the future, in functions such as reporting of facility failures and verifying civil information are implemented by applying civic group participation programs and crowd-sourcing technologies, it is believed that all facilities as well as parks managed by the local government can be managed more efficiently.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1180-1190
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• 2020

The purpose of this case report is to describe the effect of Korean medicine therapy on patient with migraine. We treated migraine for 2 months using a Korean medical treatment and six-meridian pattern identification, including herbal medicine (Soshiho-tang), acupuncture, cupping, chuna, and pharmacopuncture. The measurements included a numerical rating scale (NRS), migraine disability assessment (MIDAS), headache impact test-6 (HIT-6), and migraine specific quality of life questionnaire (MSQoL) to confirm the effectiveness of the herbal medicine treatment. After treatment, the patient's complaints decreased, as shown by the results of the NRS, MIDAS, HIT-6, and MSQoL. For migraines, Korean medical treatment and six-meridian pattern identification, such as herbal medicine (Soshiho-tang), has beneficial effects for the control of migraine and improvement in the quality of life.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the enterprise's score index calculated from atypical data and corrected data. Research design, data, and methodology: In this study, news articles which are non-financial information but qualitative data were collected from 2,432 SMEs that has been extracted "square proportional stratification" out of 18,910 enterprises with fixed data and compared/analyzed each enterprise's score index through text mining analysis methodology. Result: The analysis showed that qualitative data can be quantitatively evaluated by region, industry and period by collecting news from SMEs, and that there are concerns that it could be an element of alternative credit evaluation. Conclusion: News data cannot be collected even if one of the small businesses is self-employed or small businesses has little or no news coverage. Data normalization or standardization should be considered to overcome the difference in scores due to the amount of reference. Furthermore, since keyword sentiment analysis may have different results depending on the researcher's point of view, it is also necessary to consider deep learning sentiment analysis, which is conducted by sentence.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.28-35
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• 2013

The construction industry has introduced the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system to promote objective evaluations of the sustainability of buildings. Three important values to consider when implementing sustainability are the associated environmental, social, and economic impacts. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate the real estate value of LEED certified buildings in terms of the rental cost, occupancy rate, cost per unit area, and resale value in order to better understand the economic benefits of the LEED rating system. However, the economic benefits also encompass economic effects such as the impact of LEED certified buildings on neighborhood real estate values surrounding the certified buildings. This research examines whether the enhanced real estate value of LEED certified buildings in New York City extends to surrounding commercial buildings, utilizing spatial analysis via a Geographic Information System (GIS) and the hedonic pricing method to derive meaningful economic relationships. The results provide practical insights into the economic effect of LEED certified buildings that will be of interest to city officials and planners, as well as the owners, developers, investors and other stakeholders of surrounding buildings.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.337-346
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of local anesthesia (LA) on postoperative pain and hemostasis after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia (DRGA) in pediatric patients. Methods: A total of 43 patients, aged 3-7 years and rated ASA I or II, who had a definitely negative rating on Frankel's behavior rating scale, were included in this two-arm, parallel-design, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study. The patients were allocated equally into two main groups receiving both restorative treatments and tooth extractions. Two pain scales and one bleeding scale were used. In Group A, the treatment was done with LA, and in Group B, the treatment was done without LA. Results: The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the pain scores between the groups. It also revealed significant differences in the bleeding scores between the groups but no significant differences in the duration of bleeding. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the use of LA in pediatric dental patients undergoing DRGA had no effects on postoperative pain reduction or bleeding duration after teeth extraction. We also observed that the use of LA had an impact on the reduction in the bleeding scores in pediatric dental patients undergoing DRGA.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.751-760
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• 2023

Enhancing productivity in earthwork projects is crucial, significantly affecting both time and cost efficiencies. However, existing research in this domain predominantly relies on qualitative data and methodologies, which may not suffice given its critical significance. This study employed the fuzzy DEMATEL method to conduct a structural analysis of variables affecting productivity in construction projects. The findings reveal that plan changes possess the most substantial overall influence on earthwork productivity, with a comprehensive strength rating of 4.58. Additionally, it was observed that precipitation data exerted the most pronounced positive impact, with a rating of 0.48. These insights are anticipated to aid in identifying and prioritizing areas for productivity enhancement in construction projects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.438-450
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• 2014

The statistical analyzing of environmental-friendly planning elements is getting important because it is getting concerned with the change of residential types and environmental friendly housing. However, in terms of the high-rise residential complex, paper about green building rating system and research about residential satisfaction to residents are lack. Therefore, this paper is analyzing of impotentness and satisfaction about housing subdivision, inside of building, facility, and maintenance. In addition, residential satisfaction(satisfaction, loyalty, preference) and impact relationship of environmental-friendly planning elements are analyzed by PLS structural equation. To sum up, first, improving of green building rating system in housing subdivision is impacted on loyalty if satisfaction was fulfilled. Second, increasing of environmental-friendly planning elements in inside of building is impacted on loyalty if both satisfaction and preference were fulfilled. Third, providing of green building rating system in facility and maintenance is analyzed as preference, but satisfaction hypotheses is not valued.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.84-91
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• 2015

Project Financing (PF) is a financing method, executed based upon the projected profitability from a project itself instead of relying on the credit rating of project sponsors or any type of collateral. However, most financial institutions of Korea lacks the long term profitability assessment capability, and they prefer to acquire credit reinforcement from the construction companies in the form of the guarantor or debt argument commitments. As a result, PF contingent liabilities as an indirect debt, are burdened to the construction companies. Even though the PF contingent liabilities are not supposed to be part of the financial statements, they became a mandatory disclosure items since 2009. In this study, PF contingent liabilities were studied to indicate how they were correlated with construction firms' financial ratios. Construction firms were grouped by their credit rating and each group was compared in order to analyze PF contingent liabilities' impact on the financial condition of the company in terms of liquidity, liability, and stability.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2012

Nowadays, customer satisfaction has been one of company's major objectives, and the index to measure and communicate customer satisfaction has been generally accepted among business practices. The major issues of CSI(customer satisfaction index) are three questions, as follows: (a)what level of customer satisfaction is tolerable, (b)whether customer satisfaction and company performance has positive causality, and (c)what to do to improve customer satisfaction. Among these, the second issue is recently attracting academic research in several perspectives. On this study, the second issue will be addressed. Many researchers including Anderson have regarded customer satisfaction as core competencies, such as brand equity, customer equity. They want to verify following causality "customer satisfaction → market performance(market share, sales growth rate) → financial performance(operating margin, profitability) → corporate value performance(stock price, credit ratings)" based on the process model of marketing performance. On the other hand, Insoo Jeon and Aeju Jeong(2009) verified sequential causality based on the process model by the domestic data. According to the rejection of several hypotheses, they suggested the balance model of marketing performance as an alternative. The objective of this study, based on the existing process model, is to examine the causal relationship between customer satisfaction and corporate value performance. Anderson and Mansi(2009) proved the relationship between ACSI(American Customer Satisfaction Index) and credit ratings using 2,574 samples from 1994 to 2004 on the assumption that credit rating could be an indicator of a corporate value performance. The similar study(Sangwoon Yoon, 2010) was processed in Korean data, but it didn't confirm the relationship between KCSI(Korean CSI) and credit ratings, unlike the results of Anderson and Mansi(2009). The summary of these studies is in the Table 1. Two studies analyzing the relationship between customer satisfaction and credit ratings weren't consistent results. So, in this study we are to test the conflicting results of the relationship between customer satisfaction and credit ratings based on the research model considering Korean credit ratings. To prove the hypothesis, we suggest the research model as follows. Two important features of this model are the inclusion of important variables in the existing Korean credit rating system and government support. To control their influences on credit ratings, we included three important variables of Korean credit rating system and government support, in case of financial institutions including banks. ROA, ER, TA, these three variables are chosen among various kinds of financial indicators since they are the most frequent variables in many previous studies. The results of the research model are relatively favorable : R², F-value and p-value is .631, 233.15 and .000 respectively. Thus, the explanatory power of the research model as a whole is good and the model is statistically significant. The research model has good explanatory power, the regression coefficients of the KCSI is .096 as positive(+) and t-value and p-value is 2.220 and .0135 respectively. As a results, we can say the hypothesis is supported. Meanwhile, all other explanatory variables including ROA, ER, log(TA), GS_DV are identified as significant and each variables has a positive(+) relationship with CRS. In particular, the t-value of log(TA) is 23.557 and log(TA) as an explanatory variables of the corporate credit ratings shows very high level of statistical significance. Considering interrelationship between financial indicators such as ROA, ER which include total asset in their formula, we can expect multicollinearity problem. But indicators like VIF and tolerance limits that shows whether multicollinearity exists or not, say that there is no statistically significant multicollinearity in all the explanatory variables. KCSI, the main subject of this study, is a statistically significant level even though the standardized regression coefficients and t-value of KCSI is .055 and 2.220 respectively and a relatively low level among explanatory variables. Considering that we chose other explanatory variables based on the level of explanatory power out of many indicators in the previous studies, KCSI is validated as one of the most significant explanatory variables for credit rating score. And this result can provide new insights on the determinants of credit ratings. However, KCSI has relatively lower impact than main financial indicators like log(TA), ER. Therefore, KCSI is one of the determinants of credit ratings, but don't have an exceedingly significant influence. In addition, this study found that customer satisfaction had more meaningful impact on corporations of small asset size than those of big asset size, and on service companies than manufacturers. The findings of this study is consistent with Anderson and Mansi(2009), but different from Sangwoon Yoon(2010). Although research model of this study is a bit different from Anderson and Mansi(2009), we can conclude that customer satisfaction has a significant influence on company's credit ratings either Korea or the United State. In addition, this paper found that customer satisfaction had more meaningful impact on corporations of small asset size than those of big asset size and on service companies than manufacturers. Until now there are a few of researches about the relationship between customer satisfaction and various business performance, some of which were supported, some weren't. The contribution of this study is that credit rating is applied as a corporate value performance in addition to stock price. It is somewhat important, because credit ratings determine the cost of debt. But so far it doesn't get attention of marketing researches. Based on this study, we can say that customer satisfaction is partially related to all indicators of corporate business performances. Practical meanings for customer satisfaction department are that it needs to actively invest in the customer satisfaction, because active investment also contributes to higher credit ratings and other business performances. A suggestion for credit evaluators is that they need to design new credit rating model which reflect qualitative customer satisfaction as well as existing variables like ROA, ER, TA.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2017

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important policy implemented before starting development projects to estimate and reduce environmental impact. However, the difficulty of quantification on several rating categories has hampered comprehensive analysis. Instead of it, the current EIA just summarizes outcome of investigation. Therefore, EIA fails to definitively ascertain whether the development shold be approved or not. This study aimed at providing the way to comprehensive decision-making by applying Emergy analysis and Emergy indicators to EIA. Production (P), Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) and Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) were selected for indicators. The indicators of range approving the development were set up with comparing before and after development or according to circumstances of which view of average that was classified as region or industry is appropriate to analysis. As a result, the value after development of P should be higher than the value before development. EYR and ESI of the value before development should be higher than region or industry average. On the contrary to these, ELR of the value after development should be lower than region or industry average. To verify applying Emergy indicators to EIA comprehensive analysis, Emergy evaluation was conducted to real case. As a result, applying Emergy analysis could suggest whether the development is appropriate or not. These indices and the result of this research are expected to be applied decision-making on environmental impact for sustainable development.