• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.187-203
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the antimetastatic and immunomodulating effects of Patriniae Radix. Methods : Acute and subacute cytotoxicity experiment of Patriniae Radix was performed. Antimetastatic experiment was administered in vitro and in vivo. To observe the immunomodulating effects of Patriniae Radix, FACS analysis and ELISA assay were performed. Results : There was no acute and subacute toxicity responses in mouse treated with Patriniae Radix. Antimetastatic experiment in vitro and in vivo showed that Patriniae Radix has antimetastatic effects. This research revealed that Patriniae Radix mediate cellular immunity response. As compared with control, the population of total T cell, helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell and macrophage were increased. The production of Th 1 type cytokines from splenocyte and cytokines which is associated with anti-tumor activity form macrophage were increased significantly. Conclusion Patriniae Radix Herbal-acupuncture appears to have considerable activity on the treatment of liver metastasis from colon26-L5 carcinoma cell line, and deserves further evaluation in this setting.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was designed to examine the anti-cancer activity by innate immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory effects of liriopis tuber water extract (LPE). Methods: Cell cytotoxicity was tested with 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells, spleen cells, macrophage, and RAW264.7 cells. To investigate innate immunomodulating effects of LPE on macrophage, we measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). To investigate innate immunomodulating effects of LPE on RAW264.7 cell, we measured TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured after treating with LPE to observe innate immunomodulating effect of LPE on RAW264.7 cell. Also, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were examined by western blot analysis. Results: In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, LPE affected tumor cell growth above specific concentration. As compared with the control group, the production of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10 were increased in macrophage. As compared with the control group, the production of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in RAW 264.7 cell. The expression of TNF-α and NO induced by LPS after treating LPE was decreased. In addition, treatment of RAW 264.7 cell with LPE increased the phosphorylation levels of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), p-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and p-p38. Conclusions: LPE might have impact on the anti-cancer effect by activation of innate immune system and inflammation control.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.235-241
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• 1996

The rhamnan sulfate extracted from green algae seaweed, Monostroma nitidum was characterized as activity in vitro culture assay with macrophages from mice. Rhamnan sulfate indicated that F-4-3 fraction enhanced glucose consumption, as well as the production of nitrogen dioxide and tumor necrosis factor(TNF). F-4-3 fraction was also augmented IL-1 secretion from those macrophages. Effects of the pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages with rhamnan sulfate F-4-3 fraction and several polysaccharides as relative standard on the production of H2O2 induced with unopsonized zymosan A were examined. Pretreatment with polysaccharides inhibited the zymosan A mediated H2O2 production by macrophages. The phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) mediated H2O2 production was not affected by the pretreament. These result suggested that pretreatment of rhamnan sulfate interfered with the interaction of macrophages zymosan A. Rhamnan sulfate inhibited zymosan A mediated production of H**O** by macrophages and F-4-3 Fraction was also activator of macrophages.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.699-705
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• 2000

인간의 체내에서 과량으로 생성된 활성산소가 자체 방어기전에 의해서 분해 혹은 소거되지 않는 경우에 이는 생체 조직 내 세포와 면역체계에 관련된 효소들을 손상시켜 암이나 면역질환과 같은 퇴행성 질환을 야기 시키는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고대 이집트 시대이래 지금까지 서구에서 약초 혹은 향초로서 사용되어온 13종 허브추출물에 대해서 유해산소 소거능을 검색하고 SRB assay 방법에 따라 두가지 암세포주(Hepa-lclc7, KB-3-1)와 정상세포주(L-929)에 대한 세포 독성을 조사하였다. 또한 이들에 의한 대식세포의 활성화와 같은 면역체계의 증강 유도 여부를 파악하기 위하여 NO test에 따라 대식세포의 활성화 정도를 간접적으로 측정하였다. 그 결과 13종류의 허브추출물에서 일반적으로 medicinal 허브로 분류되고 있는 eucalyptus, peppermint, mate, sage, thyme, yarrow 등의 수퍼옥사이드 소거능이 다른 허브들에 비해 상대적으로 강한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이들은 Hepa-1c1c7, KB-3-1과 같은 암세포주 및 L-929와 같은 정상세포주에 대하여도 세포독성을 나타냈으며 이때 각각의 허브추출물에 의해 측정된 암세포주에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값들은 정상세포주에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값들보다 크거나 유사한 경향을 나타내어 암세포주에만 선택적으로 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. 면역증강 활성실험에 있어서는 수퍼옥사이드 소거능이 다른 허브들에 비해 상대적으로 강한 6종류의 허브추출물 중에서 sage 만이 표준시료의 37% 정도의 활성을 나타내어 각 시료의 수퍼옥사이드 소거능과 면역증강 활성과의 연관성은 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2014

Platycodon grandiflorum have been used as a traditional remedy and food source. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulating effects of Platycodon grandiflorum in mouse, using ex vivo experiments. Six to seven-week old mice were fed ad libitum on a chow diet, and water extract of Platycodon grandiflorum was orally administrated at two different concentractions (50 and 500 mg/kg B.W./day) every other day for four weeks. In ex vivo experiments, the highest proliferation of splenocytes and levels of cytokine (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) production were observed in 500 mg/kg BW/day supplementation group for all three cytokines stimulated by LPS. In conclusion, this study suggests that Platycodon grandiflorum extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocytes proliferation and cytokine production capacity by activating macrophages in mice.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the antimetastatic and immunomodulating effects of extracts of Ulmus davidiana extracts(U. D. Ex.). Methods: Antimetastatic experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo by using colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma, L5178Y-R lymphoma cell and Hela cell. To observe the immunomodulating effects of U. D. Ex., we measured IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-$\alpha$ from peritoneal macrophages. And we evaluated the activation of NK cell by using anti-asialo-GM1 serum. Results: We found that the administration of U. D. Ex. significantly inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis, cell growth are closer to 100% in case of Colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma, L5178Y-R lymphoma cell and Hela cell at low concentration. In case of macrophage, cell proliferation is closer to 100% less than $250{\mu}g/ml$ of U. D. Ex.. The level of cytokine such as IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 which stimulates U. D. Ex. was increased in dose-dependent manner compared to the control group. In case of TNF-$\alpha$, the level was increased at concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/ml$. The depletion of NK cells by anti-asialo GM1 serum partly abolished the inhibitory effect of U. D. Ex. on tumor metastasis. Conclusion: Ulmus davidiana appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by activation the immune system.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2006

This study was aimed at investigating hepatic toxicity and immunomodulating effects of defatted methanol extracts of two kinds of medicinal plants, Rubus coreanus Miq. and Atractylodes japonica Koidz. in mice. Defatted methanol extracts of fruits of Rubus coreanus Miq. and rhizome of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. were added at the level of 0.5% or 5%(w/w) to cholesterol-supplemented AIN-76 diet. Each diet was fed to 8 ICR male mice for 30 days. Weight gain and food efficiency ratio of the mice fed 5.0% extract of Rubus coreanus Miq. were significantly lower than those of the mice fed 0.5% extract Relative liver weight and activity of plasma alanine aminotransfernse were significantly increased only in the mice fed 5% extract of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. compared with the others. Splenocyte proliferation was not significantly different between the groups fed 0.5% or 5.0% extract of Rubus coreanus Miq. However, splenocyte proliferation was significantly decreased in the mice fed 5.0% extract of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. compared with that in the mice fed 0.5% Production of interleukin-2 by splenocytes from the mice fed 0.5% extract of Atractylodes japonica Miq. was significantly higher than the control value and it became lower with 5.0% dietary level. Secretion of $interferon-\gamma$ was not significantly different among groups. In conclusion, the defatted methanol extract of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. was likely to exert immunomodulating effect at the level of 0.5% but it may exert adverse effects on immune and liver functions at the level of 5.0%.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.371-374
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• 1994

Effects of the polysaccharide fractions purified from Artemisia selengensis and Artemisia iwayomogi on the immune system was studied. The polysaccharide fractions, respectively called ASP1 and AIP1, may interact with macrophages and lymphocytes in spleen, increasing the population of those cell types in vivo and in vitro. Both ASP1 and AIP1 fractions also syuppress transplanted tumor cell growth and augment antibody production. This study suggests that ASP1 and AIP1 fractios may have immunomodulating and antitumor activities.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2010

Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) has been identified to have various biological activities. This study was performed to investigate the potential of chaga mushroom as a immunomodulating functional food. When mouse splenocytes were exposed to various concentration of hot water extracts of chaga mushroom (IOE) with mitogens (Con A, LPS), splenocytes proliferation was significantly increased. Also, IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-4 levels were significantly enhanced. Therefore, our results suggest that chaga mushroom may have the potential of being an immunomodulating functional food.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.780-785
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• 2004

Recently many investigators have initiated searches for immunomodulating substances from natural food sources. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used as a raw material in many traditional preparations since the ancient time. This study was performed to investigate the immunomodulative effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe in mice, using ex vivo experiments. In order to elucidate the immunomodulative effects of Ginger, water extracts of the plant were orally administrated into mice, and isolated splenocytes and macrophages were used as experimental model. In order to identify its ex vivo effect six to seven week old Balb/c mice were fed ad libitum on a chow diet and water extracts of ginger were orally administrated every other day for two weeks at two different concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg b.w.). After preparing the single cell suspension, the proliferation of splenocytes was determined by MTT assay. The result of ex vivo study showed that the highest proliferation of splenocytes and macrophage activatation was seen in the mice orally administrated at the concentration of 500 mg/kg b. w. of ginger water extracts. In conclusion, this study suggests that ginger extracts nay enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocyte proliferation and cytokine prodution capacity by activated macrophages in mice.