• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1990

Most of the diagnostic methods currently used for the detection of neoplastic masses provide indirect evidence. To obtain greater specificity in the interpretation of neoplasias by in vivo methods, the immunological approach appears to be most promising. Two problems that interfered with progress in this field were the lack of tumor specific antigen and the lack of well-defined and reproducible antibodies. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoscintigraphy as a technique for tumor localization, the use of monoclonal antibodies, fragments of antibodies and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) are reasonable. The obvious advantages of monoclonal antibodies are their homogeneity, their specificity for the immunizing antigen and the reaction with a single determinant-thus no large immunecomplexes with antigen are formed. Monoclonal antibody technique has recently provided an opportunity to reevaluate the role of nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of malignant diseases by using the immunological approach. Out first results by means of radioimmunoscintigraphy of CEA and CA 19-9 producing tumors using a cocktail of fragments F $(ab')_2$, of mocolonal antibodies to CA 19-9 and CEA labeled with $^{131}I$ (IMACIS-1) are reported. The aims of this investigation was to evaluate the role of immunoscintigraphy in patients with colorectal and other cancers for diagnosis of local recurrences and metastasis. This report contains results of the first 8 colorectal and pancreas cancer patients with the elevation of the level of serum CEA and/or CA 19-9. IMACIS-1 was injected intravenously during 30 minutes in 100 ml saline solution after skin test. Planar scintigrams were recorded 3, 5 and 7 days after the injection of the IMACIS-1. Anterior, lateral and posterior views of the liver as well as anterior and posterior views of the pelvis were obtained in each patients as an $^{131}I-antibody$ image. We were able to localize exactly the malignant process with the double-nuclide double-compound $^{99m}Tc\;^{131}I$ (Tc+l) scintigrams. In Tc & I double-nuclide scintigraphy, computer subtraction display provided more clear localization of the tumor. We compared the results of radioimmunoscintigraphy with CT, ultrasonograms, conventional scintigrams. The results were as follows: 1) The sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoscintigraphy using the fragments $F(ab')_2$ of the cocktails of CEA and CA 19-9 monoclonal antibodies were 80% and 100% respectively. 2) Tumor detection rate was not proportionated to the level of serum tumor markets. 3) Second tracer technique was essential for tumor localization as an anatomic landmark using double-nuclide scintigraphy. 4) A slow infusion of the antibodies was necessary to prevent the formation of large immune complexes. 5) Tumor/non-tumor radioactivity was most elevated at 7 days delayed imaging. 6) Using planar scintigraphic technique of $^{131}I$ labeled monoclonal antibodies are possible for imaging most of the tumors.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2015

Bovine milk provides essential nutrients, including immunologically important molecules, as the primary source of nutrition to newborns. Recent studies showed that RNAs from bovine milk contain immune-related microRNAs (miRNA) that regulate various immune systems. To evaluate the biological and immunological activity of miRNAs from milk products, isolation methods need to be established. Six methods for extracting total RNAs from bovine colostrums were adopted to evaluate the isolating efficiency and expression of miRNAs. Total RNA from milk was presented in formulation of small RNAs, rather than ribosomal RNAs. Column-combined phenol isolating methods showed high recovery of total RNAs, especially the commercial columns for biofluid samples, which demonstrated outstanding efficiency for recovering miRNAs. We also evaluated the quantity of five immune-related miRNAs (miR-93, miR-106a, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-451) in milk processed by temperature treatments including low temperature for long time (LTLT, 63℃ for 30 min)-, high temperature for short time (HTST, 75℃ for 15 s)-, and ultra heat treatment (UHT, 120-130℃ for 0.5-4 s). All targeted miRNAs had significantly reduced levels in processed milks compared to colostrum and raw mature milk. Interestingly, the amount of immune-related miRNAs from HTST milk was more resistant than those of LTLT and UHT milks. Our present study examined defined methods of RNA isolation and quantification of immune-specific miRNAs from small volumes of milk for use in further analysis.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.442-451
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• 2004

Protein-calories malnutrition is common among patients in the hospital. In particular, elderly patients with neurologic disorders has more risk of nutritional deficiency due to swallowing difficulty. Enteral tube feeding is more economical, physiological and immunological than parenteral nutrition for patients who have adequate gastrointestinal function. This study was conducted patients with neurologic disorders who received enteral nutrition at Asan Medical Center from February 1 to October 10, 2002. The control group (48 patients) were given traditional feeding methods 4 times a day while the treatment group (45 patients) were given improved feeding methods 3 times a day. We assessed nutritional status of patients and compared to both groups. We investigated body weight, serum albumin, hemoglobin, total lymphocyte count by means of nutrition markers. The objectives of this study is to reduce the time needed for nutritional requirement of patients without an increase in gastrointestinal intolerances. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Nutritional status of many patients in both groups were either malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. 2. The time to arrive to the nutritional requirements were 6.21 $\pm$ 0.35 days for the control group and 4.24 $\pm$ 0.52 days for the treatment group. The treatment group showed a significantly shorter amount of time. 3. The changes of the nutritional marker in the control group showed a significant drop in body weight, serum albumin and serum hemoglobin while the treatment group experienced a significant increase in body weight, serum albumin and total lymphocyte count. 4. Feeding intolerane such as diarrhea, high residual volume, ileus, nausea and vomiting were investigated. Diarrhea found in 25.1% (12 patients) of the control group and 22.2% (10 patients) of the treatment group and these findings are not significant.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of voice disorders on changes in stress among people with damaged larynxes. To accomplish this, physiological changes and reductions in the stress of Sprague-Dawley rats whose larynx had been damaged were investigated after the laboratory animals were administered kudzu leaf extracts with sedative effects. Methods: In the experiment, a total of 24 rats were divided into four groups of six rats, including the normal group, control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2. After orally administering to the subjects a predetermined amount of the extract at a specific time (once per day over five weeks), changes in physiological functions, internal organ weight, cortisol, estrogen, and progesterone in the subjects were examined, and an immunological test was conducted on their brain tissues. Results: Statistical significance was seen in the experimental group as opposed to the control group and the results were similar to those of the normal group. Conclusions: In consideration of these results, it is deemed that there are severe effects on stress due to voice disorders and that the administration of kudzu leaf extracts results in improvement in stress.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2006

Purpose : Bee Venom Acupuncture(BVA) is known to affect inflammation and immune system. This study examined the macroscopic, hormonal and immunological effects of BVA on rats with surgically induced endometriosis. Methods : Endometrial tissue was implanted in the serosal wall of the small intestine in rats. The rats were divided randomly into an experimental and control group. The experimental group was treated with BVA injection on kwanwon(CV4) three times per week, and the control group was given an oral dose of normal saline every day. 6 weeks later, the size of the ectopic uterine tissue was estimated, and the serum progesterone, estradiol and cytokine($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-l0) concentrations were analyzed. Results : The size of the ectopic uterine implants in the experimental group was much smaller than that in the control group. The estradiol, IL-2 concentrations were significantly lower and the IL-6, IL-I0 concentrations were significantly higher in the serum of the experimental group than in the control group, there was no significant difference in the concentration of the other cytokine. Conclusion : These results suggest that BVA is an effective treatment for endometriosis.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2006

Purpose : Endometriosis is characterized by the ectopic growth of uterine tissue in various extrauterine locations. This study examined the macroscopic, hormonal and immunological effects of Ouhyul Herbal Acupuncture(OHA) therapy on rats with experimentally induced endometriosis. Methods : Endometrial tissue was implanted in the serosal wall of the small intestine in rats. The rats were divided randomly into an experimental group and control group. The experimental group was treated with OHA on Kwanwon(CV4) three times per week and the control group was administrated normal saline every day. After 6 weeks, the size of the ectopic uterine tissue was estimated and the serum progesterone, estradiol and cytokines($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-l0) concentrations were analyzed. Results : The size of the ectopic uterine tissue in the experimantal group was slightly smaller than that in the control group. The estradiol, IL-4 and IL-6 concentrations were significantly lower and the IL-l0 concentration was significantly higher in the serum of the experimental group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of the other cytokines. Conclusion : These results suggest that OHA might be an effective method for treating dometriosis.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2017

Objectives: The Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular opportunistic protozoan parasite that infects approximately one-third of the human population worldwide. Honey has long been used for treatment of many diseases in folk medicine. Honey has exhibited significant anthelmintic, nematicidal and anti-protozoal activities. This study was conducted to investigate the immunological patterns in rats infected with T. gondii who were treated orally with supplemented 15% Capparis spinosa honey (Saudi Arabia) for a period of 28 days. Methods: Immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, and cytokines were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In addition, the mortality and the morbidity rates were assessed. Results: Oral administration of Capparis spinosa honey as a natural food additive was experimentally shown to increase the antibody titer; furthermore, compared with the rats in the control group, the levels of the sera cytokines ($IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-1 and IL-6) were consistently higher at day 7 post-infection in the infected rats treated with oral supplements of Capparis spinosa honey. Conclusion: Orally administered supplements of Capparis spinosa honey increased both the antibody titer and the cytokines ($IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-1 and IL-6) levels in rats infected with T. gondii.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

Objectives : This experiment was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects against lung metastasis and promotion of splenocytes by water-soluble components from five mushrooms extracts (WEFM): Garnoderma frondosa, Corious versicolor, Codyceps militaris, Hericium erinaceus and Lentinula edodes. Methods : Colon 26-L5 carcinoma cells were injected through the tail vein to induce lung metastatic cancer. Changes in weight of lung were observed and cytokine level was analyzed to evaluate immunological changes. Results : Oral administration of WEFM resulted in a significant inhibition of lung metastasis after intravenous injection of colon 26-L5 cells in a dose-dependent manner. There was also a significant increase in T cell and B cell mitogenic stimuli and production of IFN-g by splenocytes stimulated with Con A compared to untreated controls. Conclusion : WEFM may have anti-tumor activities via Th1-type dominant immune responses.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.403-409
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• 1997

Studies were undertaken to develop a competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) and indirect antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), which is formed from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine by spermidine and spermine synthase. Specific antiserum against MTA was raised in rabbits by immunization with MTA-BSA which was prepared by coupling BSA to oxidized MTA with periodate. Since MTA is oxidized easily to the sulfoxide, the sulfhydryl reagent, DTT. was added to the immunogen. For RIA, immunocomplexes were separated from free MTA by using ammonium sulfate precipitation. The antiserum showed almost no cross-reactivity with a variety of other nucleotides and riboses. But, the level of cross-reactivity of 5'-isobutylthioadenosine (SIBA) was high. These results showed the importance of hydrophobicity adjacent to the 5'-OH for determining antigenicity. The lower limit of detection by this assay was 100 fmol of MTA per tube. Using this assay. MTA levels were more easily and precisely determined in biological samples when compared with HPLC analysis. The RIA procedure is less time consuming. More than 24 analyses can be carried out in 2 h and required only a very small amount of sample ($20{\mu}l$ serum). In ELISA, biotin conjugated MTA-BSA was used as the labelled MTA. The sensitivity limit of this assay was lower than 100 pmol.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.345-352
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• 1989

대두(Glycine max L.) 종자로부터 분리된 렉틴을 토끼에 면역화시켜 렉틴항혈청을 얻었다. 이를 이용한 면역화학적 방법을 사용하여 대두렉팅의 면역화학적 특성과 6개 대두 품종의 종자에서 렉틴의 존재를 조사하였다. Crossed immunoeiectrophoresis한 결과 종자는 4종의 침강선을 보임으로서 렉틴에 4종의 항원성분이 존재함을 보여 주었다. 1％ agarose gel을 이용하여 Immunodouble diffusion test한 결과 6개 대두 공시품종 모두 렉틴항체에 대하여 침강선을 나타내었고 푸종간 침강선은 모두 유사한 양상을 보였다. ELISA 방법에 의하여 6개 대두 품종간의 렉틴함량을 조사, 비교한 결과 렉틴함량은 장엽콩>광교>황금콩>백운콩>장백콩=팔달콩 순으로 나타났다. 공시품종의 조자로부터 분리한 렉틴은 모두 토끼 적혈구는 응집시켰으나 Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Cuvalaria sp. 등의 곰팡이 포자는 응집시키지 못하였다.