• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 1999

Ionizing radiation is considered to be an efficient technology to improve food safety and to extend food shelf-life in the food industry, and it has been used in food processing with a number of attributes. Food labeling should be established to enable the consumer to choose food freely, based on label information. A variety of methodologies to determine the physical, chemical, microbiological, and biological changes due to irradiation has been investigated in order to discriminate the irradiated and unirradiated food products for the consumer's free choice in food selection. However, no satisfactory method has been developed so far. In this review, various approaches based on DNA, immunochemical, and biological methods are addressed.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.101-105
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• 1991

Although many therapies have been advocated in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility, the results of treatment are poor. This probably seems to be due to a lack of one or more proteins constituting the key structures of the spermatozoa. We evaluated the functional structures of the spermatozoa in 11 infertile patients whose semen showed severe oligoasthenozoospermia with immunochemical method and found a case with spermatozoa lacking acrosin. Evaluation of the spermatozoal defect with immunochemical method is desirable in patients with severe oligoasthenozoospermia, especially in cases unresponsive to medical therapy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2000

An immunochemical method has been develooped as the most sensitive tool for studying the expression of quinoproteins containing pyrroloquinoline qinone(PQQ) in E. coli. The PQQ was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the conjugant was purified by using a $KwikSep^{TM}$ dextran desalting column chromatography. The PQQ-BSA conjugant was immunized to rabbits, and the IgG fractions of the antisera were purified. The most sensitive antibody against PQQ-BSA conjugant recognized some nanogram quantity of the antigen on the blot, but had little cross reactivity with BSA. Using this batch of the antibody, all the immunochemical assays of quinoproteins in E. coli were preformed. Some six different PQQ-specfic spots were detected by Western blot analysis of the soluble proteins in E. coli were performed. Some six different PQQ-specific spots were detected by Western blot analysis of the soluble proteins in E. coli after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Their molecular weights on the blot were estimated to be about 100-, 90-, 72-, 58-, 52-, and 50kDa. Their pI values fell in the range from 4.8 to 5.5. These results stronly suggest that quinoproteins are present in E. coli, and that the protein moieties were covalently bound to PQQ.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.363-368
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• 1988

반합성 베타 락탐 항생물질의 가수분해 및 합성을 촉매하는 효소인 $\alpha$-acylamino-$\beta$-lactam acylhydrolase(ALAH)의 유전자를 Acetobacfer turbidans로부터 클론화하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 우선 순수 분리 정제된 효소에 대한 항혈청 (폴리클론 항체)을 제조한 다음 이를 probe로 하여 면역화학적 방법으로 유전자의 선별을 시도하였다. 이러한 용도로 개발된 운반체인 λ gtll에다 A. turbidans의 유전자 단편들을 삽입하여 genomic library를 제조한 후 이 library에서 유전자를 선별한 결과 두개의 positive clone을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나. 이 두 clone들은 면역화학적으로 서로 다른 반응을 나타내었는데, 그 중 하나는 효소의 항혈청과는 잘 결합하나 융합되어진 베타 갈락토시다아제에 대한 항체와는 잘 결합하지 못하였고(λ gtll dn1), 또 다른 clone 은 이와 반대의 양상을 보여주었다(λ gtll dn2). 더구나 이들 clone을 여러 제한효소들로 분석해본 결과, 유전자가 삽입된 부분인 Eco RI 부위중 하나가 없어진 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 A. turbidans의 효소에 대한 유전자가 λ gtll에 클론화 되었으나 이 유전자와 베타 갈락토시다아제의 유전자(lacZ)간에 염기배열상 동위성이 있은 부위가 존재하여 재조합된 λ gtll 파지의 복제과정에서 삭제되어진 것으로 간주되어진다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.201-215
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• 1994

Recent development in the immunochemical technique has resulted in a new ultrasensitive analytical method known as liposome immunoassay (LIA). Liposome is a key element in performing liposome immunoassays, specifically designed to participate in immune reactions. A variety of markers can be encapsulated in liposomes and used as quantitative indicators of reactions. Liposome immunoassay based on agglutination, complement-mediated Iysis, cytolysin-mediated Iysis, detergent-mediated Iysis or destabilization of the liposomal membrane have been reviewed. The quantity of markers released from liposomes should be proportional to the concentration of the analytes. Therefore, liposomal agglutination and Iysis which are essential to liposomal Iysis are critically reviewed to provide a better understanding of liposome immunoassay. Based on the literature review of recent advances in liposome immunoassay for bioactive substances, this assay method may provide a convenient, specific and highly sensitive method for detecting and measuring trace amount of clinically relevant substances in the future.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1990

Aflatoxins is a chemically diverse group of toxic secondary metabolites that are produced by fungi and often occur in agricultural commodities. Because of their wide range of toxic effects, Aflatoxins cause severe economic losses to farmers and livestock producers and pose a health to human consuming contaminated foods. Long term prospects for biotechnological control of Aflatoxins require elucidation of the specific steps and regulation of their biosynthetic pathways . Aflatoxin determinations can be approached many ways. It is essential to safely handle all experimental materials associated with aflatoxin analysis or aflatoxigenic fungi Visual screening of suspect samples, base on the presence of conidial head of the aspergillus flavus group, and screening samples for the presence of bright greenish yellow flourescence are not chemical tests and such screening techniques may allow aflactoxin contaminated lots into commerce. Microcolumn screening procedures should always be used in conjunction with a quantitative method. Several thin layer chromatography(TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) methods are suitable for quantitation and are in general use. Immunochemical Methods such as the ELISA or affinity column chromatography methods are being rapidly developed. The chemical and immunochemical methods can be reliable if care is taken, using suitable controls and personnel that are well trained . All analytical laboratories should stress safety and include suitable analytical validation procedure. Especially a worldwide enquiry was undertaken in recent to obtain up-to-date information about aflatoxin legislation in as many countries of the world as possible. The information concerns aflatoxin in foodstuffs. aflatoxin MI in dairy products, aflatoxins in animal feedstuffs. Limits and regulations for aflatoxin have been expended in recent with more countries having legislation on subject, more products, and more aflatoxins covered by this legislation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 1988

본 연구는 효모를 동정하는 방법으로서 각 효모의 단백질 조성 차이와 이들 단백질의 면역학적 특성에 의한 새로운 동정법을 개발하고자 하였다. S. cerevisiae, C. utilis, C. tropicalis, K. fragilis 의 4가지 효모를 배양하여 세포를 파괴시킨 다음 가용성 단백질과 막 단백질을 분리 추출하였다. 4종 효모의 가용성 단백질과 막 단백질의 조성은 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis를 실시 비교하였다. S. cerevisiae와 C. utilis 는 전기영동 pattern상 유사하였고 이들은 쉽게 C. tropicalis, K. fragilis 로부터 구별이 가능하였다. 또한 4종 효모의 가용성 단백질과 막 단백질을 토끼에게 주사하여 각각에 대응하는 항체를 만든 후 Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion을 실시하여 형성된 precipitin line에 의한 효모의 동정을 수행하였다. 면역학적으로도 S. cerevisiae와 C. utillis의 유사성이 증명되었고 이들은 C. tropicalis, K. fragilis 와 상이함이 관찰되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 1983

우리 나라 콩 종자의 모자이크 바이러스(Soybean mosaic virus; SMV) 감염상을 조사하기 위하여 국내에서 수집한 8개 품종을 공시해서 Lima와 Purcifull의 면역이중확산법으로 SMV 검정을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 공시한 7개 품종 중 6개 품종에서 SMV가 검출됨으로서, 우리 나라의 콩 품종에서 SMV의 종자전염성이 혈청학적 방법으로 확인되었다. SMV가 검출된 종자의 종자감염성율은 최저 $2.1\%$에서 최고 $12.5\%$를 나타냈으며, 전체적으로는 총검정립수 336립 중 18립에서 SMV가 검출됨으로서 약 $5.4\%$의 감염율을 보였다. 2. 이병주에서 채집한 갈반립과 무갈반립수의 SMV 감염율은 북해 1호 품종의 경우 각각 $33.3\%$와 $29.2\%$ Clark 품종의 경우 각각 $4.2\%$와 $0.0\%$, Woodworth 품종의 경우는 갈반립과 무갈반립 모두 $4.2\%$의 감염율을 나타냄으로써, 공시한 콩 품종의 갈반립과 무갈반립간엔 SMV 감염율에서 뚜렷한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 3. SMV에 감염된 광교품종 중 괴저병징을 나타내는 개체에서 채종한 종자에서는 전혀 SMV가 검출되지 않아 광교품종에서는 SMV-N가 종자전염되지 않는 것으로 보였다.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Based on the current screening guidelines by the American Cancer Society and Korean multi-society expert committee, CRC screening is recommended in asymptomatic adults starting at the age of 45 years. Fecal immunochemical test-based screening programs reduce the development of CRC and related mortality in the general population. However, this most popular CRC screening strategy demonstrates a crucial limitation due to modest diagnostic accuracy. Colonoscopy may be considered as an alternative primary method for CRC screening; however, its implementation can still be challenging due to concerns regarding invasiveness, low adherence, cost-effectiveness, and quality assurance. To overcome the limitations of current screening tests, innovative noninvasive tests for CRC screening have been developed with advances in molecular biology, genetics, epigenetics, and microbiomics for detecting CRC, which may enhance the approach to CRC screening and diagnosis in clinical practice in the near future. This review explores the emerging screening methods and discusses their potential for integration into current practice.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2006

In this study, we establish a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) immunostaining method for detecting starfish gangliosides. A new monoclonal antibody (MAb) against AG-2, the major gangliosides molecular species of Acanthaster planci, was produced by fusing hybridoma with splenocytes immunized to liposomal AG-2. BALB/c male mice were injected with liposomal AG-2 antigen, and immunized. Their splenocytos were isolated and fused with hypoxanthine-aminopterine-thimidine (HAT)-sensitive mouse myeloma cells. Hybridomas producing MAb reactive to AG-2 were cloned using the limited dilution method. Established hybridomas were cultured in eRDF medium. Crude MAb produced from clone 8D4 was purified with a magnesium pyrophosphate column. Enzyme immunoassay and TLC immunostaining of AG-2 were performed using the purified MAb. Structurally related gangliosides did not cross-react with anti-AG-2 antibodies. The detection limit of TLC immunostaining was 50 ng of AG-2. The newly established immunostaining method was further developed for detecting AG-2 distribution and qualitative analysis in tissues and/or organs. Our results show that the majority of AG-2 is present in the stomach of male A. planci, while AG-2 is distributed not only in the stomach but also in the the pyloric caeca of female A. planci.