• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2020

Purpose: HPV vaccination is important for the prevention of cervical cancer and genital warts and it is recommended that females be vaccinated against HPV before having sexual contact. Although the national HPV immunization has recently started in Korea, the vaccination rate is still not high. This is a relevant study attempting to investigate the factors affecting the vaccination status of female adolescents in the target age groups focusing on mothers' knowledge and health beliefs of HPV vaccines. Methods: Participants were 206 mothers who had daughters at the target age for the national HPV vaccination program living in a metropolitan city. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire about HPV knowledge and health beliefs of HPV vaccines, consisting of perceived susceptibility seriousness, benefits, barriers, and cues to action. Results: The participants' knowledge of HPV was significantly correlated with the overall health beliefs. The factors influencing mothers regarding the HPV vaccination status of their adolescent daughters were found to be perceived barriers, advice on vaccination from medical staff, and perceived benefits. Conclusion: There is a need to organize subject-specific education programs focusing on correcting misinformation about the side effects and benefits of HPV vaccines. When operating education programs, it is recommended that participants include both students and their parents, that various approaches be implemented such as formal health classes, home correspondence and online education, and that medical personnel be also involved as education providers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.813-819
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• 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) induces severe respiratory impairment with a reported mortality rate of ~36% in humans. The absence of clinically available MERS-CoV vaccines and treatments to date has resulted in uncontrolled incidence and propagation of the virus. In vaccine design, fusion with the IgG Fc domain is reported to increase the immunogenicity of various vaccine antigens. However, limited reports have documented the potential negative effects of Fc fusion on vaccine antigens. To determine whether Fc fusion affects the immunogenicity of MERS-CoV antigen, we constructed a Fcassociated MERS-CoV spike protein (eS770-Fc, 110 kDa), whereby human IgG4 Fc domain was fused to MERS-CoV spike protein (eS770) via a Gly/Pro linker using baculovirus as the expression system. For comparative analyses, two eS770 proteins lacking the IgG4 Fc domain were generated using the IdeS protease ($eS770-{\Delta}Fc$) or His tag attachment (eS770-His) and the immunogenicity of the above constructs were examined following intramuscular immunization in mice. Contrary to expectations, non-Fc spike proteins ($eS770-{\Delta}Fc$, eS770-His; 90 kDa) showed higher immunogenicity than the Fc fusion protein (eS770-Fc). Moreover, unlike non-Fc spike proteins, eS770-Fc immunization did not elicit neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV. The lower immunogenicity of Fc-fused eS770 was related to alterations in the structural conformation of the spike protein. Taken together, our results indicate that IgG Fc fusion reduces the immunogenicity of eS770 by interfering with the proper folding structure.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.198-208
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• 2002

목적 : 소아 신증후군을 비롯한 신질환 환아는 질병 자체에 의해서 뿐만 아니라 면역억제제 사용으로 인한 면역 기능 저하로 감염되기 쉬운 상태에 있다. 폐구균 감염, b형 헤모필루스 인플루엔자, 대장균 등에 의한 복막염, 패혈증에 취약한 상태이고 홍역 및 수두 등에 심한 임상 경과를 취하므로 이들 질환에 대한 적극적 예방접종이 필요하며, 미세변화형 신증후군의 호발 연령인 $2{\sim}6$세는 소아의 기본 예방접종의 추가 접종 시기에 속한다. 하지만 신증후군 환아에서 예방접종의 효과 및 부작용에 대해서는 아직 다수의 소아를 대상으로 한 전향적 연구가 없을 뿐만 아니라 임상 경과의 시기, 스테로이드 제제의 사용 용량에 따른 예방접종 시기에 대해서도 완전한 의견의 일치를 보이고 있지 못하고있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 우선 소아 신장학 분야의 전문가들에 있어서 행해지고 있는 예방접종 실태를 파악하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대한소아신장학회에 등록된 정회원 56명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 시행하였다. 결과 : 대상자 56명 중 35명이 응답하였고 (응답률 62.5%), 이중 대학병윈 근무자가 29명(82.8%)이었다. 신증후군 소아에 대한 기본 예방접종은 응답자 35명 모두 일반 소아에서 추천되는 지침과는 다른 수정된 방식으로 예방접종을 실시하고 있었다. 생백신의 경우 관해 이후 고용량 스테로이드 사용 중에 접종하는 경우는 없었으며 저용량 스테로이드 사용 중에 접종하는 경우가 12명(24.3%), 스테로이드 끊고 일정 기간 지난 후 접종이 23명(65.7%)이었다. 사백신의 경우는 관해 이전에도 접종하는 경우가 5명(14.3%), 관해 이후 고용량 스테로이드 사용 중에 접종하는 경우가 5명(14.3%), 저용량 스테로이드 사용 중에 접종하는 경우가 20명(57.1%). 스테로이드 끊고 일정 기간 지난 후 접종하는 경우가 5명(14.3%)이었다. 신질환 소아에서 추천되는 b형 헤모필루스 인플루엔자, B형 간염, 폐구균, 독감 등의 예방접종은 신질환 소아 및 면역억제요법을 실시하지 않는 신부전 소아에게 이들 백신을 대부분 접종하겠다고 응답하였다. 스테로이드사용 중인 신질환 소아에서 이들 예방접종시기에 대해서는 응답자 25명(71.4%)이 저용량 스테로이드 사용 중에 접종하고 있었으며, 단 b형 헤모필루스 인플루엔자는 저용량 스테로이드 투여 시 접종하겠다는 응답자가 18명(45.7%)으로 스테로이드 끊고 접종하겠다는 응답자 15명(42.9%)과 비슷하였다. 신증후군 소아에서 예방접종 후 부작용은 백신 접종 후 신증후군 재발을 경험한 응답자가 9명, 백신접종에도 불구 해당 질병 발병을 경험한 접종자가 3명, 생백신 접종 후 백신 균주에 의한 발병을 경험한 접종자가 2명이었다. 결론 : 국내의 소아 신장학 전문가들은 일반 소아에서 권장되는 예방접종 지침과는 다른 수정된 방식에 따른 예방접종을 실시하고 있었으나 아직 질병 경과와 스테로이드 사용에 따른 접종 시기에 다양성을 보이고 있었고, 또한 예방접종 후의 부작용을 경험한 경우도 다수 있었다. 따라서 향후 다수의 소아를 대상으로 한 전향적인 연구를 통하여 소아 신질한 환아에서 추천되는 예방접종 지침을 확립할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.76-91
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• 2002

본 연구는 국가의 위기관리 차원에서 실시되는 보건소 전염병 관리 능력 함양을 위한 교육과정 개발에 앞서 교육 요구도를 파악하기 위하여 시도된 것이다. 전국 242개 보건소에서 실제 전염병 관리 업무나 관련 업무를 담당하는 직원 484명을 대상으로 일반적 특성(3문항)외에, 전염병 감시체계의 효율적 운영(12문항), 역학조사(11문항), 환자관리 및 방역조치(9문항), 예방접종률 제고(14문항), 관리(15문항), 교육 및 홍보(8문항) 등 7개 영역으로 구성한 설문지를 배부하였는데 300명이 응답하여 62.0%의 응답률을 보였다. 4점 만점 척도에서 전채적으로 2.10점에서 2.31점으로 교육 요구도가 있음을 알 수 있었고, 가장 교육요구도가 높게 나타난 영역은 관리영역(2.31점)이며, 가장 낮은 영역은 전염병 감시체계의 효율적 운영(2.10점)이었다. 직종간 영역별 교육요구도에 가장 큰 차이를 보인 것으로는 예방접종률 제고, 환자 관리 및 역학조사, 그리고 환자관리 및 방역조치이며, 전염병관리 업무의 근무연한과 하부영역별 교육 요구도는 역상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 고려할 때 이번 교육과정에서는 지식 제공은 최소화하고 기존 지식을 활용하여 실제 문제에 직면하였을 때 어떻게 효과적으로 문제를 해결해 나갈 것인가에 초점을 두며, 전염병 감시, 역학조사, 예방접종 사업 등을 통해 얻어지는 자료를 처리하거나 분석하여 효과적으로 활용하고 평가하는 기술을 습득하는데 역점을 두어야 할 것이다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to develop a new technique of identifying XX of XY-bearing bisected embryos prior to implantation by immunological method. H-Y antiserum prepared in inbred Wastar female rats by repeated immunization with spleen cells from males of the same strain. The reactivity of H-Y antibody was confirmed by culturing mouse embryos in the medium containing H-Y antiserum and complement obtained from the guinea pig. The optimal condition for the activity of H-Y antibody was also investigated by culturing embryos under the concentraton or affected H-Y antibody was also investigated by culturing embryos under the concentration or affected H-Y antibody and culture rate. However, production of live young or sex rates of male and female from embryos transferred with psudopregnant. The biological test with the morula stage embryos showed that H-Y antibody was formed in all female rats immunized with spleen cell, but it was formed only in 80% female rats immunized with the antigen. When the bisected mouse embryos were cultured in vitro for 5~6 hours in morula stage, of 457 bisected embryos 81.4% of then were developed to the blastocyst stage. When the concentration rate of complement to H-Y antiserum varied from 1.0~5.0${mu}ell$, the lysis-rate of embryo was 19.5 to 67.3%. The concentration rate of complement did not influence the lysis-rate of embryos(P<0.05). The morphology embryos of bisected, zona-free and intact embryos showed the embryos lysis rate of 58.6, 42.7 and 48.5% respectively(P<0.05). Pregnancy rate were 50.0, 45.5 and 57.1% in psudopregnant recipient transferred with bisected, zona-free and intact blastocyst embryos. However, production of live youngs, sexual rate of male or female was 24(50.0:50.0), 22(45.5:55.5) and 36(58.3:41.7)mice, but affected and non affected half embryos with H-Y antiserum treatment was 23.1 and 26.7%. Also production of live youngs and sexual rate was 14(92.9:7.1) and 17(17.6:82.4)mice in affected and non affected half embryos in H-Y antiserum treatment(P<0.05).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6227-6231
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• 2013

In the past, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was endemic in the general Korean population. The association of HBV infection with the occurrence of liver cancer has been well demonstrated in several epidemiologic studies. While the mortality rates of liver cancer in Korea have decreased steadily over the last decade, the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in mothers remains high at 3-4%, and 25.5% of these HBsAg positive mothers are positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). HBV infection caused almost a quarter of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and one-third of deaths from HCC. These aspects of HBV infection prompted the Korean government to create a vaccination program against HBV in the early 1980s. In 1995, the Communicable Disease Prevention Act (CDPA) was reformed, and the government increased the number of HBV vaccines in the National Immunization Program (NIP), driving the vaccination rate up to 95%. In 2000, the National Health Insurance Act (NHIA) was enacted, which provided increased resources for the prevention of perinatal HBV infection. Then in 2002, the Korean government, in conjunction with the Korean Medical Association (KMA), launched an HBV perinatal transmission prevention program. The prevalence of HBsAg in children had been high (4-5%) in the early 1980s, but had dropped to below 1% in 1995, and finally reached 0.2% in 2006 after the NIP had been implemented. After the success of the NIP, Korea finally obtained its first certification of achievement from the Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WPRO-WHO) for reaching its goal for HBV control. An age-period-cohort analysis showed a significant reduction in the liver cancer mortality rate in children and adolescents after the NIP had been implemented. In addition to its vaccination efforts, Korea launched the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for 5 leading sites of cancer, including the liver, in 1999. As a consequence of this program, the 5-year liver cancer survival rate increased from 13.2% (1996-2000) to 23.3% (2003-2008). The development of both the primary and secondary prevention for liver cancer including HBV immunization and cancer screening has been of critical importance.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.629-633
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• 2010

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory tract disease caused by $Bordetella$ $pertussis$ infection. The clinical manifestation of this infection can be severe enough to cause death. Although pertussis has been supposed to be a vaccine-preventable disease ever since the widespread vaccination of children against pertussis was started, since the 1990s, cases of pertussis and related fatalities are on the rise, especially in countries with high vaccination coverage. In Korea, there have been no deaths due to pertussis since 1990, and the vaccination rate continues to be approximately 94%. However, the number of pertussis cases reported to the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention has tended to increase in the 2000s, and in 2009, there was an obvious increase in the number of pertussis cases reported. This review aims to present the latest information about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pertussis.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2022

HHPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a DNA virus that can cause benign lesions, genitourinary cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer by penetrating the mucous membrane and skin. It is widely known to be transmitted mainly through sexual contact. As with many viral infections, vaccines have been developed to prevent infection with HPV. Currently, in many countries, HPV vaccines are mainly used for national immunization for women to prevent diseases that traditionally occur frequently in women, especially cervical cancer. However, since the vaccination rate is relatively low, many countries are struggling with ways to increase the vaccination rate. Meanwhile, the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer caused by HPV in men has been increasing recently. In the United States, the annual number of oropharyngeal cancers in men already exceeds the number of cervical cancers in women, so HPV infection in men has emerged as a major problem. Accordingly, interest in HPV vaccination in men has also increased, and studies on the effectiveness and necessity of vaccination of both women and men compared to women alone are being actively conducted. In this paper, the evidence of HPV vaccination for men will be reviewed through previous studies, and its validity and cost-effectiveness will be analyzed to bolster the clinical usefulness of HPV vaccination for men.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.151-161
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• 1974

Home visiting as a Public Health Horsing function is believed to be of therapeutic value to, the patient. However, home visiting is time consuming and expensive. Is the gain in knowledge and treatment for patients with Tuberculosis in Korea enough to make the necessary outlay in finances and personnel worthwhile\ulcorner While this study does not attempt to completely answer this question it does, under the following objectives, attempt to answer part of the question. The objectives of the study were to l) ascertain if there is a difference between patients, who receive home visits from the public Health Nurse and those who do not, in the following areas: a) their compliance with medical regimen, b) their ability to answer general questions about Tuberculosis, and c) their compliance with medical advice concerning prevention (B.C.G. immunization) and early diagnosis (contact X-rays), and 2) to determine if there is any correlation between the patient's answers to questions about Tuberculosis and his action both in the areas of treatment and prevention. The patients participating in the study were all newly diagnosed patients at Kwangju Christian Hospital. A control group and an experimental group were selected. The patients in the control group were seen according to the regular schedule at the Kwangju Christian Hospital except that they received no home visits from the Public Health Nurses. The patients in the experimental group were visited on an average of three times during the first two months of their treatment by the investigator, a Public Health Nurse. At the end of two months the patients in the two groups were compared as to compliance both in the treatment and preventive areas. They were also compared according to their answers to a questionnaire regarding both the prevention and treatment of Tuberculosis. The following results were obtained : 1. Patients in the experimental group (68.2%) showed a significantly higher compliance rate for medical treatment than patients in the control group (43.2%). 2. Patients in the experimental group (87.5%) showed a higher compliance rate for B.C.G. immunization than those in the control group (40%). 3. Women patients in the experimental group showed a higher mean score (7.2$\pm$2.6) on the questionnaire than did women in the control group (6.2$\pm$3.4). The results of this study seem to indicate that while home visiting is beneficial to the patient with Tuberculosis as far as treatment is concerned, something more concrete needs to be done if home visiting is to help the patient learn more about Tuberculosis and its prevention. Further study is indicated in the following areas: 1) A similar type of study over a longer period of time involving more subjects and using Korean Public Health Nurses to make the home visits. 2) Study to develop an adequate approach to education considering the problems unique to patients with Tuberculosis living in Korea.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2002

연구목적은 조(粗)난황항체(IgY)의 Streptococcus mutans의 산 생성에 대한 억제 효과 및 법랑질 탈회 억제 효과를 생체외 실험으로 연구하는 것이었다. Todd Hewitt broth 및 자당이 5% 첨가된 Todd Hewitt broth에서 조난황항체 농도 2.5%에서 17.5%에 따른 S. mutans의 산 생성 억제 효과는 2.5%에서 부분적 억제 효과가 있었고 농도가 증가할수록 산 생성이 더 억제되었으며, 항체 농도와 pH사이에는 배양 후기에 높은 순 상관성이 있었다. 자당이 5% 첨가된 Todd Hewitt broth에서 12시간 배양 후 유치 법랑질 시편의 표면미세경도 변화를 측정하였을 때 조난황항체 농도 2.5%에서 법랑질 탈회 억제효과가 있었고 농도가 증가할수록 더 억제되었으며, 항체 농도와 경도 사이에는 높은 순 상관성이 있었으며, 농도별 탈회 억제율은 2.5%에서 32.28%, 7.5%에서 42.28%, 12.5%에서 64.06%, 17.5%에서 92.79%이었다. 이상의 결과는 조난황항체를 이용한 수동면역을 통해 치아우식증의 예방이 가능할 것임을 시사한다.