• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2000

The optimum conditions for the half-life time and residual analysis of the iminoactadine triacetate fungicide on soils were investigated by using the gas chromatography. Iminoctadine triacetate(IOTA) was extracted from soils with 2.0 M-NaOH/methanol and chloroform. The extracted IOTA was derivatized to pyrimidine hexafluroacetylacetone by the acetylation and analyzed with GC/ECD after elimination of moisture and impurities on the Sep-Pak column. From the standard addition experiments with 0.1 and 1.0 ppm, the average recoveries were ranged from 83.8 to 93.2 % and the detection limit was 0.005 ppm. The half-life time of iminoctadine triacetate in the silty clay was 30 days in the laboratory and 19.5 days in the field test whereas it was 27 days and 17.5 days for each in case of silty loam.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.50-56
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• 2001

In vitro experiments, several fungicides including prochloraz, tebuconazole, fluazinam, fludioxonil, and iminoctadine-triacetate showed more than 85% inhibition of mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis theae (SP-3). Dichlofluanid and chlorothalonil inhibited mycelial growth at the rate of 10 and 33%, however benomyl did not inhibit mycelial growth of the fungus. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MICs) of iminictadine-triacetate on the mycelial growth of SP-3 isolate was $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, but that of P. theae $\underline{MAFF}$ 752002 and P. longiseta $\underline{MAFF}$ 752001 was $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. MIC of benomyl, chlorothalonil, dichlorofluanid was $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and that of fludioxonil, fluazinam, tebuconazole was $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Conidial germination was inhibited more than 80% in tile medium which contained $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of prochloraz, tebuconazole, fluazinam, fludioxonil, and minoctadine-triacetate. Control values of benomyl, chlorothalonil and dichlofluanid were 40, 60 and 30%, respectively. The controlling effect of iminoctadine-triacetate ($10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) aganist P. theae (SP-3) in leaf disc test was more than 93%, but benomyl and dichlofluanid could not control leaf blight disease caused by P. theae (SP-3). Tebuconazole, fluazinam, fludioxonil, and iminoctadine-triacetate showed more than 94% of protective and curative effect of leaf blight of sweet persimmon, while, benomyl and dichlofluanid did not show any control effect of the disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.92.1-92
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• 2003

In order to develop an effective spray program for control of apple white rot with reduced use of fungicides, the control efficacy of several fungicides that has been intensively used for control of the disease was assessed. They were sprayed on the same tree with 15 day interval from late May to early August. Just prior to and after each spray, 100 fruits were bagged with two layered fruit bag to limit the chemical application in only one time, and the disease incidence and latent infection frequency on the bagged apples were examined. Some fungicides such as folpet, iminoctadine-triacetate and azoxystrobin showed a high post-infectional activity even though the former two are non- systemic. Folpet suppressed symptom development, iminoctadine-triacetate reduced infection frequency and azoxystrobin acted in both ways. When those fungicides were ！！ adopted in a spray program, once in a cropping season, their post-infectional activity became much greater. This activity shown by the non-systemic fungicides was supposed to be derived from the peculiar infection process of the white rot fungus of which the pathogen is usually remain latent in the corked cells of lenticel until the apple reach mature stage.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.166-173
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• 2007

In a trial to select suitable fungicides for developing a spray program that can control apple white rot effectively, after-infection activities in some protective fungicides were detected. Six fungicides, mancozeb, propineb, benomyl, folpet, azoxystrobin and iminoctadine-triacetate, which had been extensively used in apple orchards, were sprayed on 12-year-old apple trees (cv. Fuji) at 15-day intervals from late May to late July. Disease incidences and infection frequencies of the fruit bagged just before and soon after each spray were examined. When the infection frequency or disease incidence of the fruit bagged after each spraying of fungicide was significantly lower than those of the fruit bagged before spraying, the fungicides appeared to confer after-infection activity. The six fungicides showed diverse activities on white rot: folpet showed after-infection activity on disease development, iminoctadine-triacetate showed after-infection activity on infection, azoxystrobin showed after-infection activity on disease development and infection, and mancozeb, propineb and benomyl showed no distinct activity. The activity of a fungicide became much higher when it was sprayed alternately with other fungicide rather than successive spraying of the same fungicide. Analysis of the properties of these protective fungicides could lead to the development of a highly effective spray program against white rot.

• Plant Disease and Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1995

This study was carried out to select effective fungicides against white and violet root rot caused by Rosellinia necatrix and Helicobasidium mompa with nine fungicides including thiophanate-methyl from 1993 to 1994. Through laboratory, greenhouse and field trials on inhibitory effect of mycelial growth and disease incidence against the two fungal pathogens, 5 fungicides have been selected finally. Thiopanate-methyl, benomyl, iminoctadine-triacetate and isoprothiolane were proven to have high control effect against R. necatrix. In addition to thiopanate-methyl and benomyl, tolclofos-methyl has been selected for effective control of H. mompa, since it showed prominent control effect in field trial than in laboratory or green house test.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.240-248
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• 2006

Control of white rot which is one of the most serious apple diseases in Korea has mainly relied on periodical spray of protective fungicides. As the main inoculum source of the disease is pycnidiospores produced in the warts formed on affected stems of apple tree, it can be conceivable that inhibition of spore production might be an effective means for controlling the disease. Inhibitory efficacy of eight selected fungicides against sporulation of the fungus was assessed by counting the number of spores produced at detached warts treated with the fungicides of recommended dilution. They showed diverse effect on sporulation. Carbendazim and azoxystrobin suppressed sporulation almost completely, the former irreversively. Thiram and folpet promoted sporulation as producing much more number of spores than untreated control. Others showed almost no effect on sporulation. Effects of suppression and promotion in the sporulation shown by the fungicides on the control of white rot were examined by incidences of disease and infection at the plots adopted the spray programs of which the fungicide at late May was substituted by carbendazim, azoxystrobin, folpet and thiram, respectively. Disease incidence and infection frequency at the plots sprayed former two chemicals which suppressed sporulation were much lower than those of the plots adopted latter two chemicals and untreated plot at which the fungicide spray was skipped at that time. These facts were reconfirmed in the experiments conducted with carbendazim and thiram, in which 100 fruits were bagged just prior to each spray from late May to late July for elucidating the effect of the two fungicides on the action of subsequent ones. Disease incidence and infection frequency on the fruit bagged just prior to each spray were gradually increased as the seasons going on. The increase rate at the carbendazim plot was much lower than that of thiram. Especially, the fruit infected till late July at the carbendazim plot were almost completely cured by the three fungicides, iminoctadine-triacetate, tebuconazole and samzinwang, a combined formular of iminoctadine-triacetate and difenoconazole, sprayed at late July and hence. In thiram plot, infected fruit were also cured by the 3 fungicides but not remarkable. From these results, it can be concluded that control efficiency of white rot can be greatly enhanced by selecting the fungicide capable of suppress the sporulation of white rot fungus at the season when the mass dispersal of spores is not initiated.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.40-46
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• 2000

To select the effective fungicides for the control of leaf spot disease of jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba) caused by Phoma sp., inhibitory effects of 26 fungicides for mycelial growth were investigated at $250{\mu}g\;a.i./m{\ell}$. In the test, eight fungicides were selected and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for mycelial growth and an inhibitory effect for spore germination were investigated. Among the fungicides, myclobutanil, hexaconazole, and triflumizole were excluded in control effect tests because of their relatively high MICs. MICs were ranged $10-50{\mu}g\;a.i./m{\ell}$ for benomyl, carbendazim + kasugamycin (CK), and thiophanate-methyl. triflumizole (TT), and $50-250{\mu}g\;a.i./m{\ell}$ for iprodione + propineb (IT) and iminoctadine-triacelate (IT). However, benomyl and IP showed very low inhibitory effect on conidial germination. When the fungicides were sprayed on the seedlings before the leaves were inoculated with conidial suspension of Phoma sp., the protective values of CK and TT were around 70% at 1,000 ppm and around 90% at 2,000 ppm. The protective values were around 70% at 2,000 ppm (benomyl), 4,000 ppm (IP), and 8,000 ppm (IT). When the fungicides were sprayed after inoculation, benomyl showed the highest curative values of over 90% at 1,000 ppm and the values of CK and TT ranged $70{\sim}80%$ at 1,000 ppm. However, IP and IT had little or no effect on therapy of the disease. IT caused necrotic phytotoxicity on the leaves of jujube seedlings. As results, the best fungicides for the protection of jujube trees from leaf spot disease were CK (2,000 ppm) and TT (2,000 ppm) and for the remedy of the tree, benomyl (1,000 ppm) was the best. Therefore, alternate application of benomyl and CK or TT will be effective in the disease control.