• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

Background: It is known to reduce the mortality when glutamine is supplied to patients during the surgery or in intensive care unit through intravenous nutrition supply. The purpose of this study is to establish the appropriate basis for use of glutamine and guidelines of nutrition supply for critically ill patients in the hospital by examining the clinical effects of administration of glutamine with subjects of elderly critically ill patients receiving intravenous nutrition in one hospital in Korea. Method: Among elderly patients with age of 60 or more hospitalized in Yeuido St. Mary's Hospital from August 2012 to July 2013, those who stayed in the intensive care unit for more than a week and received TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) for more than 3 days during staying in the intensive care unit were classified to a test group using glutamine and a control group without glutamine. Duration of use of mechanical ventilator, duration of hospitalization, occurrence of infectious disease and death were compared between two groups. We would like to identify the clinical test figures affected by the use of glutamine by examining changes in SCr, Total Protein, Albumin, AST, ALT, TB, DB and GFR at the time of admission and discharge. Results: At the time of admission to intensive care unit, gender, physical measurement information and clinical test figures did not show any significant difference between 72 subjects in a test group and 24 subjects in a control group. Thus, two groups began in the same condition. There were no significant difference in duration of hospitalization, duration of intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilator, occurrence of infectious disease and death. As the results of statistical analysis of the average changes of clinical test figures at the time of admission and discharge of intensive care unit, SCr and GFR were significantly changed in the test group. GFR was significantly changed in a control group. As the result of analysis of the clinical test figures at the time of discharge with reflection of average changes after clinical test figures were corrected at the time of admission of intensive care unit, TB and GFR were significantly increased in a test group compared with those in a control group. Other clinical test figures were not significantly changed. Conclusion: If glutamine is administered to critically ill patients over age 60 receiving TPN and careful monitoring for total bilirubin is made in the future, it is expected to give the positive effect on renal function andminimize the side effect of arise in total bilirubin.

• 인지과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.177-212
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• 1993

본 연구는 잘못 형성된 입력에 대한 멜리쉬의 연구(1989)에 기반하고 있다. 이 글은 chart-based parser를 이용하여 구문론적 차원에서 잘못 형성된 입력 문자의 복구에 촛점을 둔다. 멜리쉬의 체계는 두가지 분석기, 즉 잘형성된 입력 분석기와 잘못 형성된 입력 분석기로 구성되는데, 필자의 연구는 그에 생각을 따르고 있다. 이글에서는 주로 chartparsing의 개념, 잘못형성된 입력에 대한 분석전략이 논의된다. 또한 필자가 제시하는 체계의 디자인과 구현, 필자의 체계를 멜리쉬의 체계와의 비교와 같은 사항들이 다루어질 것이다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권2A호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2009

안테나 그룹화(antenna grouping)는 빔 형성(beamforming)파 공간 다중화 기법(spatial multiplexing)의 결합이라 할 수 있다. 안테나 그룹화는 $N_t$개의 송신 안테나를 $N_r$개의 그룹으로 나누고, 한 그룹 내에서는 빔 형성으로 하나의 데이터 정보를, 각 그룹 사이에서는 공간 다중화 기법으로, 전체 $N_r$개의 데이터 정보를 전송하는 시스템을 가정한다. 안테나 그룹화를 통하면 빔 형성을 통하여 다이버시티 이득을 얻을 수 있는 동시에 공간 다중화 기법에 따른 다중화 이득을 통하여 주파수 효율을 높일 수 있다. 하지만 통신 채널이 조건 나쁜(ill-conditioned) 행렬로 모델링 되거나, 안테나 사이에 상관관계가 있는 경우에는 안테나 그룹화의 BER 성능이 열화될 수 있으므로, 이 경우에는 전체 시스템에서 하나의 데이터 정보만 전송하는 빔 형성의 성능이 가장 좋다. 이 논문에서는 채널이 안테나 그룹화에 적합하면 안테나 그룹화 모드를 선택하여 전송하고, 빔 형성에 적합하면 빔 형성 모드를 선택하여 전송하는 시스템을 가정하였다. 그리고 간단한 모드 선택 기법을 제안한다. 이 모드 선택 기법을 사용하면 매 시간동안 일정한 데이터를 전송할 때, 채널 상태에 따른 BER 성능의 열화를 막고, 최적의 BER 성능을 얻을 수 있다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.652-660
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• 2005

This study is performed for the investigation of management of personnel, wages, welfare, communication, labor, safety, treatment improvement according to assigned working places(primary, middle and high school). This study is based on the final analysis summarized on the 285 questionnaire answered by employee for school foodservice in Buchon city after distributing total 500 questionnaire. The conclusion of this analysis of study is as following. This report says the reason of this mind is caused by hard work. This investigation says they feel to be compensated with low wages on the contrary their hard working and this caused them to demoralize and increase to give up their jobs. The long tenn vacation like childcare vacation is newly established by present improvement of working condition but this improvement action is ineffective. Many of them are feeling to a fatigue and ill health and the condition of occupational disease as hard work. The present improvement of irregular employee treatment like above cases is not effective. So the rewards and payment shall be considered according to their hard work and the working condition must be improved practically for the settlement of their job without leaving.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill pediatric patients has been reported as increasing to 25 %, depending on population characteristics. The etiology of AKI has changed over the last 10-20 years from primary renal disease to the renal conditions associated with systemic illness. The AKI in pediatric population is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, and prevention is needed to reduce the consequence of AKI. It is known that the most important risk factors for AKI in critically ill pediatric patients are clinical conditions to be associated with decreased renal blood flow, direct renal injury, and illness severity. Renal hypoperfusion leads to neurohormonal activation including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, antidiuretic hormone, and prostaglandins. Prolonged renal hypoperfusion can result in acute tubular necrosis. The direct renal injury can be predisposed under the condition of renal hypoperfusion, and appropriate treatment of volume depletion is important to prevent AKI. The preventable causes of AKI include contrast-induced nephropathy, hemodynamic instability, inappropriate mediation use, and multiple nephrotoxic insults. Given the evidence of preventable factors for AKI, several actions such as the use of protocol for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy, appropriate treatment of volume depletion, vigorous treatment of sepsis, avoidance of combinations of nephrotoxic medications, and monitoring of levels of drugs should be recommended.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.109-131
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• 2001

1. In general, male-to-female rate of those investigated was 1.83:1(M:F) and in term of economic status, most were middle class. The investigation shows that reserved, sharp and nervous persons were inclined to easily fall ill. 2. The probability of their falling ill was high in the fall and during sleep because probability of cerebral infarction was high. 3. It was found that they more refained from overeating and from eating pungent food and had less meat than before illness, in addition that refaining from drinking and smoking further improves their daily lives. 4. The especially acknowledged the necessity of physical exercise, they exercised, more frequency, but less strenuously. This was due to the decline in their physical strength or the unsystematic nature of the exercise. 5. In terms of weight loss, the test subjects lost 5kg on average while two of them lost 10kg. The investigation revealed that such stroke patients could overcome a range of problems, and they could improve and maintain their daily condition through guidance and education about their illness. Furthermore, it was revealed that patients needed be shown love and concern, to lead a normal satisfying social life.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2005

In this paper, to overcome drawbacks of FLC a self tuning fuzzy sliding mode controller is proposed, which controls the position of excavator's attachment, which can be regarded as an ill-defined system. It is reported that fuzzy logic theory is especially useful in the control of ill-defined system. It is important in the design of a FLC to derive control rules in which the system's dynamic characteristics are taken into account. Control rules are usually established using trial and error methods. However, in the case where the dynamic characteristics vary with operating conditions, as in the operation of excavator attachment, it is difficult to find out control rules in which all the working condition parameters are considered. Experiments are carried out on a test bed which is built around a commercial Hyundai HX-60W hydraulic excavator. The experimental results show that both alleviation of chattering and performance are achieved. Fuzzy rules are easily obtained by using the proposed method and good performance in the following the desired trajectory is achieved. In summary, the proposed controller is very effective control method for the position control of the excavator's attachment.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.2001-2013
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 훼손된 영상을 처리하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 기존의 처리방법은 특이점이나 악 조건일 경우 수렴 속도가 늦어진다는 점과 처리시간이 많이 소요되는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 Gauss seidel 방법으로 처리하는 방법이 있으나 이러한 경우 영상을 반복해서 처리해야 하므로 처리시간이 많이 소요된다. 이러한 난점(수렴속도, 전체 처리시간)을 개선하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 기존의 신호처리(Gauss Seidel)와 제안된 알고리즘을 적용시켜 비교하여 봄으로써 특이한 혹은 악조건일 경우에도 수렴속도를 고속화하여 기존의 Gauss-Seidel 신호 처리 방법보다 처리 시간을 단축할 수 있는 영상 복원 방법을 제시하였다. 제안된 최적화 알고리즘을 영상신호에 적용시켜 가속 상수에 따른 처리 신호의 simulation과 MSE(mean-square error)의 변화를 비교하여 봄으로써 처리정도를 알아보았다. 그리고, 본 알고리즘의 유효성을 입증하기 위하여 모든 가속상수의 변화에 대한 영상복원 결과와 처리시간을 측정하여 보았다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.817-826
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 훼손된 신호를 처리하는 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 기존의 처리방법은 특이점이나 악 조건일 경우 수렴 속도가 늦어진다는 점과 처리시간이 많이 소요되는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 Gauss-Seidel 방법으로 처리하는 방법이 있으나 이러한 경우 신호를 반복해서 처리해야 하므로 처리시간이 많이 소요된다. 이러한 단점(수렴 속도, 전체 처리시간)을 개선하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 기존의 신호처리 (Tikhnov-Miller)와 제안된 알고리즘을 적용시켜 비교하여 봄으로써 특이점 혹은 악조건일 경우에도 수렴속도를 고속화하여 기존의 Tikhnov-Miller 신호 처리 방법보다 처리 시간을 단축할 수 있는 신호 처리 방법을 제시하였다. 제안된 최적화 알고리즘을 영상신호에 적용시켜 가속 상수에 따른 처리 신호에 대한 실험과 오차(mean-square error)의 변화를 비교하여 봄으로써 처리정도를 알아보았다. 그리고, 본 알고리즘의 유효성을 입증하기 위하여 모든 가속상수의 변화에 대한 신호처리 결과와 처리시간을 측정하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.201-209
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• 1985

This paper describes a method for the state estimation by a modified fast decoupled estimation method and system decomposition. The state values are gained by using the weighted least square estimation method, fast decoupled estimation method, and modified fast decoupled estimation method. The estimated values of each method were compared about effectiveness of state values, respectively. This paper investigated the effects of impedance of well-condition or ill-condition into lines. The characteristics of state estimation were gained through hierarchical state estimation. Each method was applied to three model power systems, and, the results of test for the proposed method are given.