• 자원환경지질
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-104
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• 1990

Foliated granites between Damyang and Jinan are subdivided into Daegang foliated granite, Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite, Sunchang foliated granodiorite, Foliated two mica granite and Samori foliated granite by mineral and texture. From EPMA data of the foliated granites following results are achieved. Composition of plagioclase are correspond to andesine, oligoclase and albite in Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite, Sunchang foliated granodiorite and other foliated granites, respectively. And amphiboles are calcic hornblende in Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite, and riebeckite in Daegang foliated granite. In differentiation index(D. I.) and Larsen index(L. I.), Daegang foliated granite, Foliated two mica granite and Samori foliated granite which belong to granite are 83.12-95.54 and 25.86-29.05 and Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite of diorite to granodiorite are 54.99-78.54(D. I.) and 6.48-21.01(L. I.). Harker and AMF diagrams plotted from foliated granites show that the granites are product of calc alkali rock series orignated from co-magma. Characteristic foliation of foliated granites fromed by ductile deformation at deep zone of dextral strike slip fault. Foliated granites are considered as a series of differentiated product of Triassic Igneous activity of Songrim disturbance. According to REE, (La/Lu) and Eu/Sm, Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite are correspond to granodiorite, and other foliated granites are monzo-and syeno-granite. Foliated granites having 0.20-0.01 of Em/Sm ratio are plutons emplaced by the tectonic setting in continents and continental margin.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

Copper mineralization of the Donghwa and Hwanghagsan mines was deposited in hydrothermal quartz veins which filled fissures in Cretacous sedimentary rocks. Ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bornite, galena, wittichenite and unidentified Cu-Bi-Pb-Sb-S mineral. On the basis of salinities and homogenization temperatures for fluid inclusions, the Donghwa deposit was deposited from $300^{\circ}C$ to $220^{\circ}C$ with 2.5 to 0.2 wt.% eq. NaCl, and the Hwanghagsan deposits was deposited from $300^{\circ}C$ to $160^{\circ}C$ with 4.0 to 0.0 wt.% eq. NaCl. Evidence of boiling suggests pressure of 170 to 60 bar, these pressures correspond to 1700 m to 600 m. The ${\delta}^{34}S_{H_2S}$ values of the Donghwa deposit (4.8~7.4%) are higher than those of the Hwanghagsan deposit (3.5~4.5%), sulfur isotope compositions indicate that ore fluids partially reacted with meteoric water and wall-rock. Equilibrium thermodynamic interpretation indicates that the temperature versus $fs_2$ of the Donghwa deposit (> $420^{\circ}C$, $10^{-3.2}atm$) is higher condition than that of the Hwanghagsan deposit (> $290^{\circ}C$, $10^{-7.0}atm$). K-Ar ages for biotite granite and quartz porphyry in the study area are 64.7 Ma, and 60.9 Ma, reapectively. Mineralization age using sericite in the Donghwa deposits is 59.8 Ma. Therfore, Copper mineralization in the study area was associated with acidic igneous activity such as biotite granite or quartz porphyry.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

운석은 모암인 소행성(asteroid)이나 미세소행성(planetesimal)에서 충돌에 의해 분리된 후, 태양계 내의 공간을 배회하다가 지구의 중력에 이끌려 지표에 떨어진 후 수집된 돌덩이다. 따라서 생성 초기의 지구를 포함하는 태양계 내 지구형 행성의 생성 초기와 진화과정을 규명하려면 원시 태양계의 정보를 간직하고 있는 운석의 물리/화학적 분석이 반드시 필요하다. 특히 열잔류자화(thermoremanent magnetization, TRM) 대비 포화등온잔류자화(saturation isothermal remanent magnetization, SIRM)의 비율과 자화를 유도하는 자기장 강도의 상관관계를 이용하면 운석이 함유하는 자성광물을 판별할 수 있다. TRM/SIRM 비를 이용하여 2종류의 미분화운석(H5 Richardton, LL6 St. Severin)과 2종류의 화성기원 분화운석(ALH84001, DaG476)에 대해 자성광물 판별을 시도하였다. 실험 결과 H5 Richardton, LL6 St. Severin, ALH84001, DaG476의 주 자성광물이 각각 카마사이트, 테트라테나이트, 자철석, 크롬티탄함유철석임을 판별하였다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2006

전라북도 지방에 분포하는 번암, 동진, 적상 및 북창 광산에서 채취한 납광석광물에 대한 납 동위원소 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 광상별로 상당히 다른 납 동위원소 조성을 가짐을 확인하였다. 번암광산, 북창광산 및 동진광산의 납 동위원소값이 형성하는 선형변화는 그 기울기가 매우 급하기 때문에 연대로 해석하기는 곤란하며 이 광상들의 납은 주로 선캠브리아 기저지각과 중생대 화강암질암의 두 종류 단성분들로부터 유래하였을 가능성을 제기하였다. 광상의 형성시 이러한 근원물질들로부터 유래한 납의 혼합비율은 광상마다 상당히 다른 것으로 추정된다. 이는 광화작용시 존재했던 유체의 순환이 매우 국지적인 범위에서 제한적으로 이루어졌기 때문인 것으로 판단된다 동진 광상의 경우는 광상에 배태된 납의 근원이 상당부분 기저지각에서 용출된 것임을 시사하며, 광화작용시 화성암은 운광암으로서보다는 유체의 순환을 야기한 열원으로서 중요한 역할을 담당한 것으로 판단된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1992

The pluton rocks in Kwangyang-Seungju area consist of two mica granite, hornblende diorite, Rimunri quartz diorite, grnodiorite porphyry and granophyre. The analysis of the geochronological data by the methods of K-Ar for the hornblende from Rimunri quartz diorite and hornblende diorite show that the ages are found to be $86{\pm}3.3$ Ma and $108{\pm}4$ Ma, respectively, and K-Ar age for chlorite from the altered two mica granite which intruded by the hornblende diorite of the Bonjeong mine shows $108{\pm}4$ Ma; K-Ar age for sericite from the greisenized hornblende diorite, which is closely associated with the Bonjeong ore deposits, is dated as $94.2{\pm}2.4$ Ma. They correspond to the igneous activity of the Bulgugsa Disturbance periods in the area. In chemical feature for oxides versus silica and AFM triagular diagrams of the pluton rocks in the study area, there is a suggestion of the possibility that these rock facies area a Calc-alkali series of differentiated products by low-pressure crystal fractionation processes in $SiO_2$-undersaturated suites. Compared with hornblende diorite, andesite and granodiorite porphyry, two mica granite, Rimunri quartz diorite and granophyre exhibit a wider range of normalized REE abundance and negative Eu anomalies. Such anomalies imply more extensive feldspar fractionation during crystallization. The Rimunri quartz diorite and hornblende diorite occurring in the margin of four mines(Bonjeong, Okdong, Soungchei and Saungyeul) of this area have high contents of As, Sb, Cu and Zn which have been shown as the best indicators in hypogene gold deposits and low contents of Ba, Cr served as more sensitive indicators. And the granitoids are regarded as the rocks associated with gold and sulfide mineralization of the area.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1987

The geology of the Bupyeong mine area is consisted of Precambrian Gyeonggi gneiss complex and Mesozoic igneous rocks; i.e., pyroclastic rocks, intrusive breccia, granite and felsic porphyries which were formed during a Jurassic to early Cretaceous resurgent caldera evolution. Granites are not observed on the surface and in the underground of the mine. Bupyeong silver deposits occur as stockworks of base metal sulfides- minor silver minerals-quartz - carbonate veinlets, hosted by pyroclastic rocks and intrusive breccia at the southwestern margin of the caldera. Silver occurs mainly as native silver, and other silver minerals, minor in quantity, are argentite, tetrahedrite-freibergite, pyrargyrite, polybasite, canfieldite and dyscrasite. The average grade of silver ore is about 180g/t Ag. Discrimination of silver ore from the country rocks depends largely on the chemical analyses of rock samples taken every two meters from tunnels, diamond-drilling cores and mining stopes, because silver minerals are hardly observed in the ore by crude eye, and silver orebodies do not properly coincide with the concentrated zone of base metal sulfides which were precipitated at the earlier stage than the stage of precipitation of native silver. General characteristics of the loci of the silver orebodies are as follows; (1) The host rocks of orebodies are pyroclastic rocks and intrusive breccia. (2) Many of the orebodies are distributed around Gyeonggi gneiss complex. Especially where the paleotopography of gneiss complex shows a gradual slope, the basal stratigraphic horizon of the pyroclastic rocks unconformably overlying the gneiss complex offered a favorable loci of high grade ore. (3) $N5^{\circ}W$ to $N15^{\circ}$ E-striking faults played an important role in the localization of the orebodies. (4) Conduits of intrusive breccia within the gneiss complex, through which the intrusive breccia intruded into the upper pyroclastic rocks, exist beneath most of the main orebodies. This suggests that the conduits of intrusive breccia served as channelways for the migration of ore fluids.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 1998

군산분지는 신생대에 형성된 pull-apart형 분지로서 선 신생대층은 변성암, 화성암, 석회암, 쇄설암, 화산암 등 다양한 암상변화를 보여준다. 동 분지의 석유탐사 목표 층은 신생대층으로 쇄설암으로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 일반적인 전산 처리 품질관리법을 군산분지에 적용하여 12가지의 시험처리를 실시하였고, 그 결과를 분석하여 군산분지 내에 최적 전산처리 매개 변수들을 결정하였다. 초기 전산처리단계에서는 잡음이 많거나 잘못된 트레이스를 골라내며 구형발산 및 비탄성 감쇠에 따른 진폭감쇠를 보정 하였다. 디콘볼루션은 소스파형 보정 및 통계적 디콘볼루션을 시험하였으며 약 1km간격으로 중합속도분석을 실시하였다. 뮤팅변수는 순차적으로 오프셋 수를 줄여서 중합한 도면들을 비교하여 정하였다. 구조보정은 유한차분법을 사용하였는데 최적속도는 중합속도의 $100\%$에서 $90\%$ 범위로 나타났다. 최종단면은 구조해석용 AGC 단면과 DHI, 화산암 분석 등을 위한 RAP 단면 두 가지로 결정하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.669-688
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• 1999

The Yeongju granitoid batholith is a plutonic complex of huge area (1180km2) intruding the metamorphic rocks of the Yeongnam massif. The batholith, which is divided into fivelithofacies, consists of three separate plutons. The oldest Buseok pluton comprises four lithofacies: hornblende biotite tonalite, porphyrotoc biotite granodiorite, equigranular biotite grandiorite and biotite granite. The middle Chunyang pluton has been called as Chunyang granite that ranges in compostion from granodiorite to granite. The youngest Jangsu pluton is intrusions that has lithofacies of two mica granite. The contact between Buseok pluton and the rest two plutons shows obvious intrusive relations, but relation between the Chunyang and the Jangsu pluton is far away, so gives no indication of relative ages. Changes in nextures and micristructures, as well as in the mineral contents, take place between rock types og the plutons. only the Buseok pluton shows faliations of two type: magmatic foliation and regional mylonal foliation. K-Ar age deteminations fall into 171.7$\pm$3.2~162.3$\pm$3.1 Ma in the Buseok pluton, 153.9$\pm$2.9 Ma in the Chunyang pluton and 145.3$\pm$2.7 Ma in the jangsu Pluton. The batholith presents three separate intrusive phases which range in composition from tonalite to granite to granite. Each intrusive phase apperars to have been intruded in a pulse from an underlying, differentiating magma. The petrochemical data showthat three plutons are within the diagnostic range for continental arc orogenic tectonic setting, whereas Jangsu pluton approaches postorogenic setting. The data suggest that three plutons are calc-aclkalline series, and that temporal compositional variations change progerssively from tonalite through grandiorite to granite between the intrusive phases. so we consider that the magmas for all the phases were probably derived from a differentiation by fractional crystallization of a parental magma. The tonalite magma of the Buseok phase was tapped was tapped from a chamber deep in the crust, and then would have to rise at a rapid rate to its final level of emplacement. The tonalite magma in the chamber was gradually enolved through granodiorite magma into granite magma by fractional crystallization. The magmas of the younger phases were respectively tapped with temporal interval from a evolved magma of the chamber that rose into a shallower lever in the crust, and rose to their present level of emplacement.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2021

Restoration of DMZ has come up with the discussion on the peaceful use of the DMZ and the conservation plan of the army. In this study, we aim to identify soil characteristics of 108 sites to figure out environmental conditions around the iron fence of DMZ where vegetation has been removed repeatedly. Based on the soil characteristics and climate variables, hierarchy clustering was performed to categorize sites. As a result, we categorized 108 sites into 4 types: middle elevation region, lowland, East coast lowland, other areas. Group of 'other area' is only high in nutrient and clay proportion. Others are in igneous rock and metamorphic rocks with a high proportion of sand and lower nutrients than the optimum range of growth in Korean forest soil. The middle elevation region has a high altitude, low temperature. The east coast lowland has a high temperature in January and low precipitation. The lowland has a low altitude and high temperature. This category provides the environmental condition around the DMZ fence and can be used to select plants for restoration. The restoration project around the DMZ iron fence should satisfy the security of military plans, which means that functional restoration is prior to ecological restoration such as vegetation management under a power line. Additionally, improvement of soil quality and surface stability through restoration projects is required to enhance the resilience of the ecosystem in DMZ.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.445-466
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• 2017

영동지역은 지체구조상 옥천습곡대의 중앙 남동부와 영남육괴의 경계부에 위치하며, 이들 경계부에는 백악기 영동분지가 분포한다. 따라서, 영동지역은 선캠브리아시대 변성암부터 옥천누층군, 고생대/중생대 퇴적암, 중생대 화성암을 거쳐 신생대 제4기 충적층에 이르기까지 지질시대와 암상이 다양한 복합 지질 환경을 가진다. 이들 다양한 지질과 지하수 수질과의 연관성을 검토하였으며, 지하수 내 주요 이온 성분들의 기원 및 물-암석 반응 기작을 논의하였다. 이 연구에는 충적/풍화대 관정 20개, 암반 관정 80개를 대상으로 한 현장 수질 측정 자료와 이온 함량 분석 자료가 활용되었다. 통계 분석 결과, 풍수기와 갈수기간의 수질 변화는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 지질별로 수질 유형이 다양하게 관찰되었으나, 충적/풍화대 뿐 아니라 암반 지하수에서도 $Ca-HCO_3$ 유형이 전체의 80~84 % 정도를 차지하였다. 충적/풍화대 지하수의 경우, 선캠브리아시대 변성암, 쥬라기 화강암 지역 일부에서 $NO_3$, Cl 함량이 꽤 높은 것이 관찰되었고, 백악기 영동층군 퇴적암에서는 $Mg-HCO_3$ 유형이 관찰되었다. 암반 지하수에서는 선캠브리아시대 변성암, 쥬라기 화강암 지역에서 $Ca-HCO_3$ 유형에서부터 $Ca-Cl/SO_4/NO_3$ 유형을 거쳐 $Na-HCO_3$, Na-Cl 유형까지 매우 다양한 수질 유형을 보였다. 이중 $Na-HCO_3$, Na-Cl 유형을 보이는 지하수는 F 함량이 높은 것들로서, 지하수 수질이 백악기 반암 및 화강암의 광화대 및 변질대에서의 물-암석 반응에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다. 연구지역은 심부 대수층까지 $NO_3$에 의한 오염이 심화된 것으로 나타나며, 이는 특히 쥬라기 화강암 지역에서 현저하다. 지하수의 $HCO_3$/Ca, $HCO_3$/Na, Na/Si 몰비 등으로 볼 때, 충적/풍화대 지하수의 Ca, $HCO_3$ 성분은 대부분 방해석의 용해작용과 관련되어 있는 것으로 해석된다. 암반 지하수에서는 물 속의 Ca, $HCO_3$ 성분은 방해석 이외에 사장석의 용해작용과 관련되어 있어 보이나, 사장석이 고령토로만 변하는 단순 풍화작용의 기작만으로는 설명이 어려운 수질 특성을 보였다. 백악기 영동층군 퇴적암 지역의 지하수에서는 $HCO_3$ 기원이 방해석 이외에도 $MgCO_3$, $SrCO_3$ 등의 용해작용과도 관련이 있어 보였다.