• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

The study was to investigate the distribution for the diagnosis of pattern identification questionnaire and agreement rate between diagnosis of pattern identification based on obesity pattern identification questionnaire and the clinical diagnosis of pattern' identification by medical specialist. The distribution for the diagnosis of pattern identification based on obesity pattern identification questionnaire was shown in order of stagnation of liver Gi, retention of undigested food, deficiency of Yang at scale of 5, 3, 2 score and the diagnosis rate of single pattern identification at scale of 5, 3, 2 score was 89.96%, 79.33%, 54.64%, respectively the agreement rate between the diagnosis of pattern identification based on obesity pattern identification questionnaire and the clinical diagnosis of pattern identification by medical specialist was 0.1013. Therefore, the complementary management in CRF questionnaires with consultation from experts and the study for score difference of pattern identification will improve the accuracy and agreement rate, which will will be helpful for pattern identification of obesity by clinical experts.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of Sasang constitution, Qi Blood pattern identification, and tongue diagnosis in subjects complaining of fatigue.Methods Seventy-three subjects who complained of fatigue were assessed using the Chalder Fatigue Scale, tongue diagnosis, pattern identification questionnaire and Sasang constitution diagnosis. The association of tongue diagnosis with Qi Blood pattern identification and Sasang constitution was evaluated.Results 1. There was no significant association between tongue diagnosis and Sasang constitution.2. Tongue color, which is one of the diagnostic indicators in tongue diagnosis, was redder in the Qi stagnation group than in the Qi deficiency and Blood deficiency groups.Conclusions Tongue diagnosis can be utilized in future if proper research regarding Sasang constitution and Sasang constitution pattern identification is conducted.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.370-374
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• 2018

Oriental Diagnosis System(ODS) is an artificial intelligence program that utilize entered diagnosis knowledge, determine patient's disease and decide right medicine. The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between pattern Identification in Korean medicine and each sasang types(Tae-Eum and So-Yang) by analyzing ODS diagnosis result. Eventually our study secure availability of using ODS program at clinical training or developing diagnosis program. Subject of this study is 50 patients who was performed Sasang constitution diagnosis (28 patients were Tae-Eum and 22 patients were So-Yang). We analyize patient's diagnosis records by using ODS program and obtained result about pattern Identification. We used SPSS statistics 23 in analyzing the differences of the scores of Eight Principle Pattern Identification, Qi-Blood Pattern Identification, and Bing-xie Pattern Identification in each Sasang types (Tae-Eum, So-Yang). The Heat and Heat-moisture scores were significantly different(p<0.05) and Qi-Blood Pattern Identification scores were not different in each Sasang types(p>0.05). And Weight was significantly different in each Sasang types(p<0.05). It is hard to generalize the result because subject of this study was not enough and had sample speciality(tinnitus patients). However, we explained correlation between pattern Identification in korean medicine and each sasang types based on quantifiable and objective evidence system. it can be used at education of korean medicine and evidence of practice diagnosis. Futhermore, there have been no studies about anaylizing correlation between pattern Identification in Korean medicine and each sasang types using ODS program. So it is worthy of being utilized at clinical evidence data of ODS program.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.528-531
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• 2002

In Traditional Oriental Medicine, there has been a growing needs for computerized diagnosis expert system, which can implement pre-diagnosis and correct the errors of practitioners. Therefore, we developed the expert system (KHU-PIPE : Kyung Hee University - Pattern Identification and Prescription Expert) for diagnosis and treatment. It has three characteristics as following. First. this system has the knowledge base which modified the standardized data designed by Chinese government during 1980s. Second, it provides the objective and standardized diagnosis as the results of pattern identification and their appropriate prescriptions for treatment. Third, it is applied to both LAN system and internet. Furthermore, it can be used as an educational methods for the practices of pattern identification and prescription, and provide the objective criteria for clinical studies and promote the Traditional Oriental Medicine as an evidence-based medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.29-49
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was a methodological study to verify the reliability and validity and to make a diagnosis of a diagnostic tool for climacteric and postmenopausal syndrome pattern identification (CaPSPI). Methods: This study was conducted from June 1, 2018 to October 18, 2018 with ${{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}}$ University Korean Medicine Hospital IRB's approval (2018-3). To make a diagnosis using CaPSPI, we decided the cut-points for the tool. Three professors of ${{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}}$Korean Medical University conducted pattern identification diagnosis. The result is marked from 0 to 3, 0 is 'No', 1 is 'Slightly Yes', 2 is 'Yes' and 3 is 'Very Yes'. And if two or more professors' diagnoses are the same, we took the diagnoses as a diagnostic criteria. The decision of pattern by three experts converted to 0-1 scores in two ways. In "method 1", if the diagnosis was zero points, the score was 0 (have no such identification), and the rest was 1 (have such identification). In "method 2", if the diagnosis was zero or 1 point, the score was 0, and the rest was 1. After that, intraclass correlation was calculated for experts agreement. And logistic regression was conducted. A response variable was the results of the experts' diagnosis and an explanatory variable was the results of the pattern identification diagnostic tool. Results: The diagnosis of the three experts showed excellent concordance of more than 0.794 and showed a significant correlation with the diagnostic tool. Both 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' showed statistically significant effects with the diagnosis of 3 experts and the results of the diagnostic tool. The frequency of cumulative pattern identification diagnosis in 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' were found to be 578 occasions and 203 occasions, respectively. The average number of pattern held by participants in 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' were found to be 5.26 and 1.85, respectively. In both "Method 1" and "Method 2," the yield frequency of liver qi depression was the highest, and the frequency of kidney yin deficiency and liver-kidney yin deficiency was relatively high. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is thought that, in diagnosis using CaPSPI of menopausal women, 'method 1' could be used for the health diagnosis and prevention, 'method 2' could be used for the pattern diagnosis. On the conclusion, CaPSPI is thought to be available for pattern diagnosis of menopause women.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.255-260
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• 2019

Oriental Diagnosis System(ODS) is an artificial intelligence program that utilize entered diagnosis knowledge, determine patient's disease and decide right medicine. The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between pattern Identification in Korean medicine and each sasang types(So-Yang, So-Eum and Tae-Eum) by analyzing ODS diagnosis result. Eventually our study secure availability of using ODS program at clinical training or developing diagnosis program. Subject of this study is 32 students participating in Sasang medical practice(12 subjects were So-Yang, 7 subjects were So-Eum, and 13 subjects were Tae-Eum). We analyze subject's clinical practice result reports by using ODS program and obtained result about pattern Identification. We used SPSS statistics 23 in analyzing the differences of the scores of Eight Principle Pattern Identification, Qi-Blood Pattern Identification, Bing-xie Pattern Identification, and Visceral Pattern Identification in each Sasang types (So-Yang, So-Eum, Tae-Eum). In the case of Heat-moisture, Tae-Eum showed higher score than So-Eum, but So-Yang showed no difference from the other two Sasang types(p<0.05). And in the case of Food-accumulation, Tae-Eum and So-Yang showed significantly higher score than So-Eum(p<0.05). It is hard to generalize the result because subject of this study was not enough. However, we explained correlation between pattern Identification in korean medicine and each sasang types based on quantifiable and objective evidence system. Therefore use of ODS program in student clinical practice training help to understand the relationship and correlation between different pattern Identification and will help standardization of clinical practice education.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 1999

Forensic odontology and DNA typing in individual identification have been progressing rapidly and its significances has been increasing. But not all individual identification can be done by one single method solely. Therefore, understanding the advantage and disadvantage of each method is necessary to achieve forensic individual identification properly in each case for it to be applied promptly, economically and precisely.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

The study was to investigate the agreement rate between the statistical diagnosis of pattern identification by discriminant analysis and the clinical diagnosis of pattern identification by medical specialist in obese patients with BMI$\geqq$23. The agreement rate of deficiency of the spleen, phlegm-retention, deficiency of Yang, retention of undigested food, stagnation of liver Gi, and blood stagnation are 0.40, 0.33, 0.52, 0.76, 0.71, and 0.66, respectively and accuracy rate and prediction rate using linear discriminant function are 0.59 and 0.61, respectively. Therefore, the complementary management in CRF questionnaires and/or consultation from experts will improve the accuracy and prediction rate, which will be helpful for pattern identification of obesity by clinical experts.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.156-168
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• 2013

Objectives Although there have been someone who pointed out declining tendency of pure traditional diagnosis, there are no objective survey results on present state of diagnosis among Korean Medicine Doctors (KMDs). So we did a descriptive survey study to show traditional diagnostic modality usage among them. Materials and methods: 73 samples of responded questionnaire in Busan area were collected and descriptively studied. Results (1) U code (in KCD-6) usage showed low level (28.7%). (2) Diagnostic apparatuses for traditional medicine are rarely used. For example, pulse diagnosis machine was reported to be used only by 9.7 % of KMDs. (3) KMDs still prefer the treatment based on pattern identification and symptomatic therapy rather than treatments based on disease identification of modern biomedicine. Conclusion Overall, the portion of pattern identification is still high among KMDs, some kind of diagnostic methods which support pattern identification showed lack of usage.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.4B no.4
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• pp.206-210
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• 2004

This paper deals with a parameter estimation of the DC-DC converter system for its diagnosis. Especially, we present the results of parameter estimation for the DC-DC converter model by the system identification method. The parameter estimation for the DC-DC converter system aims at the diagnosis of its operating status. For the operating status diagnosis of the DC-DC converter system, we assume that the DC-DC converter system is an equivalent model of the Buck converter and estimate the main parameter for on-line diagnosis. In addition, for verification of an estimated parameter, we compare a bode plot of the estimated system transfer function and measurement results of the HP4194 instrument. It is a control system analyzer for system transfer function measurement. Our results confirm that the main parameter for diagnosis of the DC-DC converter system can be estimated by the system identification method and that the aging status of the system can be predicted by these results on operating status.