• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.453-456
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• 2007

This report described an outbreak of blindness caused by hypovitaminosis A in Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) in Gyeongsangbukdo province, Korea. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings, analysis of diet, and concentration of vitamin A and carotene in serum and/or feedstuff. Thirty eight of 48 cows were found to be affected. The causative diet contained higher levels of crude protein, net energy and crude fat and lower level of total fiber and crude fiber. Surprisingly, vitamin A was not detected in the causative diet. Treatment of vitamin A to Hanwoo that had blindness did not induce further progress of the symptom. Furthermore, there were no additional diseases detected. Based on the observations described above, this case was diagnosed as hypovitiminosis A.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2003

From February to September in 1996, a lot of blind cattle were reported in Dangjin Area of Chungnam Province. Blindness were observed in the 143 calves of the 1,496 calves from 79 farms. Blind cattle were found only in the farms where green pasture was not fed. After administration of vitamin A as the type of feed additives and parenteral injection, the blindness cases were not occurred in those farms. Both pupils were totally dilated with the absence of pupillary light reflex in all blind cattle. In the ophthalmoscopic examination, the fundus revealed multi focal linear white mottling which was more severe in nontapetal fundus than tapetal fundus. Serum vitamin A concentration was as low as 4.1 ,$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl in the calves of the affected farms. Narrowing of optic foramen, retinal degeneration and optic disc atrophy were shown in pathological findings.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2014

Purpose: Neonatal late-onset hypocalcemia is defined as hypocalcemia developed after postnatal 3 days and associated with hypoparathyroidism, high phosphate diets and vitamin D deficiency. We experienced the increment of neonatal late onset hypocalcemia over 1 year. We tried to evaluate the relationship between late onset hypocalcemia and maternal hypovitaminosis D. Methods: The medical records in the neonates with late-onset hypocalcemia during January 2007 to July 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Among those patients, 17 paired sera of mothers and neonates had collected. The levels of 25-OH vitamin D (25OHD) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured and were compared with neonate and the mother. Results: The mean gestational age was $38^{+1}$ weeks, and the mean body weight was 2,980 g. The onset time of hypocalcemia was 5.9 days of age. Most of them (88.2%) were feeding with formula and no one was only breast milk feeding. Of the 17 patients, 13 were born in spring or in winter. The median levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, iPTH and 25OHD were 7.0 mg/dL, 8.6 mg/dL, 191.0 U/L, 57.2 pg/mL and 24.0 ng/mL in neonates. The levels of 25OHD of 6 neonates were <20 ng/mL. A total of 16 mothers were considered vitamin D-deficient (<20 ng/mL), and vitamin D insufficient (20<25OHD<30 ng/mL). Conclusion: Neonatal late-onset hypocalcemia in our study seems to be influenced by maternal vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Sun tanning and vitamin D supplements from winter to spring would be helpful to prevent maternal vitamin D deficiency, one of the causes of neonatal late-onset hypocalcemia.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D deficiency is common in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to identify whether or not sun exposure and dietary vitamin D intake have effects on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The objective was to identify the main determinants of serum vitamin D status in the study subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 47 HD patients (19 males and 28 females) was performed. We assessed serum 25(OH)D and $1,25(OH)_2D$ levels between August and September 2012 and analyzed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in HD patients. To evaluate the determinants of serum 25(OH)D levels, we surveyed dietary vitamin D intake, degree of sun exposure, and outdoor activities. To compare biological variables, serum 25(OH)D was stratified as below 15 ng/ml or above 15 ng/ml. RESULTS: Mean 25(OH)D and $1,25(OH)_2D$ levels were $13.5{\pm}5.8ng/ml$ and $20.6{\pm}11.8pg/ml$, respectively. The proportions of serum 25(OH)D deficiency (< 15 ng/ml), insufficiency (15-< 30 ng/ml), and sufficiency (${\geq}30ng/ml$) in subjects were 72.4%, 23.4%, and 4.3%, respectively. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in female patients was 78.6%, whereas that in males was 63.2% (P = 0.046). Vitamin D intake and sun exposure time were not significantly different between the two stratified serum 25(OH)D levels. Dietary intake of vitamin D did not contribute to increased serum 25(OH)D levels in HD patients. The main effective factors affecting serum 25(OH)D status were found to be the sun exposure and active outdoor exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Hypovitaminosis D is common in HD patients and is higher in females than in males. Sun exposure is the most important determinant of serum 25(OH)D status in HD patients.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to investigate congenital microphthalmia occurred at a pig farm in Gyeongbug province. These microphthalmic piglets composed of 20 piglets farrowed by three different sows(1, 11 and 8 piglets by No.1, 2 and 3 sow, respectively) that were apparently normal during pregnancy and after parturition. Attempts were made to know epidemiological findings and histopathological changes of these piglets and the results were summarized as follows; 1. One piglet from No. 1 sow exhibited staggering and incoordination and remained alive, but 19 piglets from No. 2 and 3 sow died between 3 and 20 minutes after birth. 2. In histopathological finding, hypoplasia and edema of all organs were observed in all piglets, and significant of lesions related to infection of microrganisms were not observed. 3. The cause of microphthalmia was considered as hypovitaminosis A in the sown intaked only barley barn before and during early pregnancy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권10호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2013

Vitamin D is an essential component of bone and mineral metabolism; its deficiency causes growth retardation and skeletal deformities in children and osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. Hypovitaminosis D (vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency) is observed not only in adults but also in infants, children, and adolescents. Previous studies suggest that sufficient serum vitamin D levels should be maintained in order to enhance normal calcification of the growth plate and bone mineralization. Moreover, emerging evidence supports an association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and immune function, respiratory diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, infection, allergy, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases in pediatric and adolescent populations. The risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the pediatric population are season (winter), insufficient time spent outdoors, ethnicity (non-white), older age, more advanced stage of puberty, obesity, low milk consumption, low socioeconomic status, and female gender. It is recommended that all infants, children, and adolescents have a minimum daily intake of 400 IU ($10{\mu}g$) of vitamin D. Since the vitamin D status of the newborn is highly related to maternal vitamin D levels, optimal vitamin D levels in the mother during pregnancy should be maintained. In conclusion, given the important role of vitamin D in childhood health, more time spent in outdoor activity (for sunlight exposure) and vitamin D supplementation may be necessary for optimal health in infants, children, and adolescents.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1985

Vitamin C is known as an integral element for the formation and maintenance of intercellular supporting structures. Ascorbic acid has been used for the treatment of certain poisonings and hypovitaminosis(scurvy) but also known as a powerful reducing agent, and can kill a variety of bacteria and detoxify bacterial exotoxins including various clostridial exotoxins in vitro. For viruses, vitamin C inactivates herpes virus, vaccinia virus and influenza virus and has been used for the prevention and treatment of the common cold. Thus ascorbic acid plays an important role in antimicrobial action. Scurvy also promotes the development of tubercles in experimentally infected guinea pig and the tuberculosis patients require more vitamin C than normal persons. However there is no reports that ascorbic acid could inhibit the growh of M. tuberculosis. In this paper, antibacterial effects of ascorbic acid against M. tuberculosis were studied. The results are as follows: 1. The single use of the ascorbic acid exhibited antibacterial effect in vitro against $5{\times}10^3/ml$ of M. tuberculosis $H_{37}$ Rv at the concentration of ascorbic acid 0.625mg/ml over 3 hours exposure and 0.05mg/ml over 9 hours exposure. 2. In vivo mice administered with ascorbic acid 50mg/day for 5, 10 and 15 days respectively were protected from M. tuberculosis $2LD_{50}$, $3LD_{50}$, $4LD_{50}$ and $5LD_{50}$ given intravenously.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.1188-1193
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• 2007

목 적 : 최근 들어 개발 도상국 뿐만 아니라 여러 선진국에서도 구루병 발생이 보고되고 있다. 국내에도 모유 수유율의 증가 등의 사회 문화적인 변화가 일어나고 있지만, 비타민 D 결핍에 관한 연구는 거의 없는 상태이다. 구루병이 발생하기 쉬운 모유 수유아를 대상으로 비타민 D 결핍증 발생의 유무와 임상 양상을 알아보는 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 5월부터 2007년 4월까지 감기나 건강 검진 등으로 인하대병원 소아과를 방문한 4개월에서 18개월 사이의 모유수유아를 대상으로 혈액 검사를 시행한 후 저비타민증을 보인 환아를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 비교군으로 2003년 5월부터 2006년 4월까지 인하대병원 소아과에서 증상성 비타민 D 결핍성 구루병으로 진단, 치료한 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 관련인자는 의무기록과 설문을 통하여 조사하였고, 혈액 검사 및 방사선학적 검사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 무증상군은 8명, 증상군은 4명이었다. 두 군의 발병 연령은 각각 8개월(4-11개월)과 5.5개월(5-8개월)이었다. 혈액 검사에서는 9명의 환아가 $25-OHD_3$의 농도가 20 ng/mL 미만으로 비타민 결핍증을 보이고, 3명에서는 비타민 D 불 충분증(20-30 ng/mL)을 보였다. 두 군에서 모두 ALP 와 PTH 의 정상 수치보다 증가되어 있었다. 무증상군의 $25-OHD_3$의 농도는 $19.11{\pm}4.64\;ng/mL$로 증상군의 농도인 $8.35{\pm}3.89\;ng/mL$ 와 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P=0.008). 12명의 대상 환아 중 10명(83%)에서 철 결핍성 빈혈이 동반되었다. 결 론 : 비교적 안전하다고 생각하던 국내에서도 모유 수유로 인한 비타민 D 결핍증이 발생되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 증상은 보이지 않지만 비타민 D의 농도가 떨어져 있는 무증상적 구루병이 발생함을 알 수 있었다. 국내에서 발생하는 비타민 D 결핍증에 대한 역학 조사가 필요할 것으로 보인다.