• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.321-325
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• 2005

Serous effusions have been most commonly associated with ascites, pericardial effusion, and heart failure. But, they have been considered to be an unusual form of complication in hypothyroidism and pleural effusion, which has been observed as an isolated finding in hypothyroidism is apparently rare and complete analysis of these types of hypothyroid-associated pleural effusions has yet not been described. We report a case of hypothyroidism associated with unilateral pleural effusion in a 77 year-old male patient who was improved through levothyroxine sodium with brief review of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : The main purpose of this study is to clarify perceptual and acoustic analysis for the patients with hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy especially focused on the characteristics of speech articulation with special reference to the consonant production. Materials and Methods : The subjects of the research were 40 male and female adults (males : 5, females : 35). They were all received radioactive iodine treatment which after total thyroidectomy. Voice samples were collected during the three stages of after surgery, pre-radioisotope treatment (RIT), and post-RIT. The acoustic analysis was conducted by using Pratt (ver.5.2.21) after measuring voice onset time (VOT). The subjective evaluation of the voices used CAPE-V. Results : A significant decrease in overall severity was displayed in the CAPE-V following RIT. It may be conjectured that this is connected to the change in voice following RIT. The loudness of the sound displayed a significant decrease in the CAPE-V following RIT. It is conjectured that this is connected to the decrease in vocal intensity following RIT. No statistically significant results were revealed for the comparative analysis on the voice onset time (VOT) in all plosives during the three periods. Conclusion : Perceptually, the overall severity of the voice with hypothyroidism was changed significantly before and after RIT. Eventhough VOT were not significantly changed, it tended to decrease VOT in patients with hypothyroidism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.879-887
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the effects of JMT on hypothyroidism in rats. Materials and Methods : After pretreatment with 50mg/kg thiouracil for 30 days, the experimental group was treated with 0.56g/kg JMT orally and the control group was treated with 0.56g/kg of normal saline instead for 20 days. The various indicators related to hypothyroidism were measured, such as T3-uptake content, T3 content, T4 content, TSH content, hematological values, enzyme activity, total cholesterol content, Na+ content change in the serum and body weight of rats induced by thiouracil. Results : The JMT-treated group showed significant increase in comparison with the control group in serum T3-uptake and T4 content. The JMT-treated group also showed significant decrease in comparison with the control group in serum TSH content. However, the JMT-treated group did not show significant increase in comparison with the control group in serum T3 content. The JMT-treated group showed significant increase in comparison with the control group in serum RBC. The JMT-treated group showed significant decrease in comparison with the control group in serum CPK, ALP, LDH content and serum total cholesterol content. The JMT-treated group did not show significant increase in comparison with the control group in serum Na+ content. The JMT-treated group showed significant decrease in comparison with the control group in body weight. Conclusions : These results suggest that JMT is useful in treatment of hypothyroidism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.624-631
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• 2007

Hypothyroidism is a common disease of the endocrinal system, characterized by fatigue, cold intolerance, bradycardia, and so on. Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common biochemical abnormality which can be found in routine screening tests of thyroid function. It is defined as an asymptomatic state which characterized by normal free thyroxine(FT4) and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with palmijihwang-tang and to observe the changes in triiodothyronine(T3), free thyroxine(FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) level and VAS of cold intolerance, hoarseness, dry skin. After the treatment, triiodothyronine(T3) increased from 57.12ng/dl to 120.53ng/dl. Free thyroxine(FT4) increased from 12.59pg/ml to 14.21pg/ml. Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) decreased from 10.61mU/L to 1.57mU/L. Cold intolerance, hoarseness and dry skin changed for the better. These results support a role for oriental medical therapy in treating subclinical hypothyroidism. Further case studies of herbal treatment of this ailment are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1986

Subclinical hypothyroidism can be defined as an asymptomatic state in which a reduction in thyroid activity has been compensated by an increased TSH output to maintain a euthyroid state. We analysed clinical features, laboratory data, and pathologic findings in 3g cases of subclinical hypothyroidism who were diagnosed at the Dept. of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital from Aug. 1984 to June, 1985. 1) The age distribution was from sixteen to sixty-nine and mean a9e was 34.8. Peak incidence was in the 4th decade and 3rd, 5th, 6th decade in order. 2) The sex distribution showed female preponderance with a ratio of 18.5 to 1. 3) The major presenting manifestations were nonspecific ones such as fatigue, indigestion, and anorexia. 4) Physical examination revealed diffuse goiter in 47.6%. Major abnormalities were no gross abnormality (30.9%), nodular goiter and facial edema. 5) There was no significant difference of the basal serum $T_3\;and\;T_4$ concentrations between subclinical hypothyroidism and normal controls (p>0.05). 6) The basal serum TSH concentration of subclinical hypothyroidism $(32.61{\pm}14.95{\mu}U/ml)$ was significantly higher than that of normal controls $(3.92{\pm}1.05{\mu}U/ml)$ (p<0.005). 7) Microsomal antibody was detected in 80.6% and thyroglobulin antibody was detected in 30%. 8) The pathologic findings in 26 cases revealed Hashimoto's thyroiditis in 76.9% (lymphocytic type, 34.6%; oxyphilic type, 26.9%; fibrotic type, 15.4%). The others were adenomatous goiter(15.4%), adenomatous carcinoma (3.8%) and subacute thyroiditis(3.8%).

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.131-152
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• 2016

Objectives ： This study was to evaluate Sibjeondaebo-tang’s(Shiquan dabutang) effect to rat hypothyroidism which induced by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil(PTU)Methods ： Aqueous extracts of Sibjeondaebo-tang(Shiquan dabutang)(21.29%) were administered by oral dose of 300 and 150 mg/kg(rat’s body weight) for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment. During this moment the body weight, thyroid gland weights, liver weight, serum thyroid hormone, lipid content and liver antioxidant defense system were measured with histopathological changes of thyroid glands, Liver and these result were compared with LevoT₄ 0.5mg/kg treated ratsResults ： As a result of PTU treatment, marked decreases of body weight, liver weight, serum thyroid hormone levels of T₃, T₄, triglyceride content and liver CAT activation were observed with marked increases of thyroid gland weight, thyroid gland hormone TSH, activate liver H₂O₂ and SOD, serum Total cholesterol, HDL and AST amount were admitted. In addition, marked hyperplasia of follicular cells with reduce of follicular colloid contents and sizes were showed at histopathological inspections. These PTU-induces histopathological changes related to hypothyroidism were significantly reduced by treatment of both different dosages of Sibjeondaebo-tang(Shiquan dabutang).Conclusions： This study suggest that Sibjeondaebo-tang(Shiquan dabutang) extracts have favorable effect on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effect on hypothyroidism medicated by modulatory effects on antioxidant defense system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.556-565
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• 2017

Background: Recent studies have revealed that the properties Traditional Chinese Medicine is mostly associated with are substance and energy metabolism. Our study aimed to compare the effect of red ginseng (RG) (warm property) and ginseng leaves (GL; cold property) on the substance and energy metabolism of rats with hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: Rats were administered propylthiouracil intraperitoneally for 20 d to cause hypothyroidism. The reference group was orally administered Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia [FZ (Fuzi in Chinese)], while both the RG and GL groups were orally administrated crude drugs. The rectal, tail, toe, and axilla temperature of the rats were assayed every 3 d. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, heat production, and energy expenditure were measured via TSE phenoMaster/LabMaster animal monitoring system. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase, fumarase, pyruvic acid and cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine monophosphate were determined. Results: The lower levels of triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone and the higher level of thyroid stimulating hormone revealed the successful establishment of a hypothyroidism model. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, heat production, and energy expenditure in the FZ and RG groups were obviously increased. The activity of $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase and fumarase in the FZ and RG groups was significantly increased. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine monophosphate level in the FZ and RG groups was increased, while the GL group showed the opposite. Conclusion: Our research provides a new way to explore the efficiency of Chinese medicine on the basis of the relationship between drug property and effects on substance and energy metabolism.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.390-395
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• 2021

Background: Health-care providers typically undergo shift work and are subjected to increased stress. Night shift work may induce disturbed sleep cycles and circadian rhythm. The objective of this study was to explore if night shift workers (NSWs) show an increased risk of abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 574 employees without thyroid disease and abnormal TSH at baseline who underwent annual check-ups between 2007 and 2016 in a medical center. NSWs were defined as those with working time schedules other than daytime hours. We calculated the incidence rate and estimated the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident abnormal TSH and subclinical hypothyroidism compared with non-NSWs using a Cox regression model. Results: A total of 56 incident abnormal TSH cases and 39 subclinical hypothyroidism cases in NSWs were identified during 3000 person-years of follow-up. In models adjusted for age, sex, obesity, and working departments, we found no increased relative risk for incident abnormal TSH (HR: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.33-1.60) or subclinical hypothyroidism (HR: 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.19-1.45) when comparing NSWs to non-NSWs; nor were incidence rates significantly different among exclusively medical employees after excluding administrative staff. Conclusion: In this hospital-based nine-year follow-up retrospective cohort study, NSWs were not associated with increased relative risk of incident abnormal TSH and subclinical hypothyroidism, in contrast to previous cross-sectional studies.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.17-21
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• 2014

Objectives : Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can cause a number of symptoms, such as tiredness, poor ability to tolerate cold, and weight gain. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effects of herbal medicine on hypothyroidism. Methods : We employed oriental medical treatments; herbal-medication (Saenggangeonbi - tang gamibang), acupuncture and moxibustion. At the same time, the patient started to exercise. We treated the patient two or three times a week with oriental therapy method. She took medicine three times a day after a meal. During taking medicine, we let the patient avoid fatty food, flour based food, and alcohol. The symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels are important points of evaluating the patient's condition. So the patient measured the body weight and took a blood test a time per two months and compared the results with previous results. Results : After taking treatment - acupuncture and moxibustion during 6 months - and taking herbal-medicine, the level of TSH, fT4, T4 and T3 became normalized. The body weight was decreased about 18 pounds. In advance, the symptom of tiredness, edema was much improved. Conclusion : Herbal medicine (Saenggangeonbi-tang gamibang) was effective in the treatment of hypothyroidism and it helped to normalize the level of TSH, fT4, T4 AND T3.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.14.1-14.10
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• 2023

Background: Shift work is known to cause changes in the circadian rhythm of the human body and adversely affect not only physical health but also mental health. Some studies have demonstrated the correlation between shift work and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone that changes according to the diurnal rhythm, but few studies have reported the different TSH levels according to the shift work type. This study aimed to investigate changes in TSH according to the shift work type. Methods: This study included 1,318 female workers who had a medical checkup at a university hospital in Changwon from 2015 to 2019. Shift work types were classified as non-shift work, regular 2 shifts, and irregular three shifts, and a TSH ≥ 4.2 mIU/L was defined as abnormal. A general linear model (GLM) was used to compare the TSH levels and the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in each year, and a binary logistic analysis was performed using a generalized estimation equation (GEE) to compare the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism over the 5-year period. Results: Of the 1,318 participants included in this study, 363, 711, and 244 were non-shift, two-shift, and irregular three-shift workers, respectively. In the GEE analysis, after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the odds ratios (ORs) were 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-2.86; p = 0.011) in 2 shifts and 2.02 (95% CI: 1.23-3.32; p = 0.006) in irregular three shifts, compared to non-shift. Conclusions: Our results showed that shift work had a higher risk of subclinical hypothyroidism than non-shift work and that there was a significant difference in the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism according to the shift work type. These findings suggest that the shift work type can be considered in future thyroid function tests and evaluations.