• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.144-149
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was evaluated physiological activity of processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium. Effect of blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism on streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. To evaluate of hypoglycemic effects in vivo, we examined blood glucose levels, serum lipid profile and hepatotoxicity of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic effect of CM, CM+PSL and CM+PSH groups was significantly higher than DC groups. The activities of ALT, AST and ALP in CM+PSH group were lower than DC, PC groups. These results suggested that processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium have activities of hypoglycemic effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.167-171
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• 2001

The Hypoglycemic effect of exo-polymers (EPs) produced from submerged mycelial cultures of five types of mushrooms on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated in this study. The five experimental groups were fed with EPs (50 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Significant reduction in plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels were observed in rats fed with Lentinus edodes and Cordyceps militaris EPs. Plasma glucose and TC were also reduced by administration of Phellinus linteus EPs, but the TG level was not changed significantly. The EPs of three mushroom species also demonstrated a marked reduction in the level of plasma glutamate-pyruvate transminase (GPT). The result proves the hypoglycemic activity of EPs of three fungal group in STZ-induced diabetic rats and indicates their potential in the control of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.972-977
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• 2004

The hypoglycemic effect of an exo-biopolymer (EXO) and endo-biopolymer (ENDO) produced from submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Both the EXO and ENDO showed hypoglycemic potential, however, the former proved to be more potent than the latter. The administration of the EXO at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) significantly reduced the plasma glucose level (23.5%) and increased the plasma insulin level (2.2 fold) in the diabetic animals. The EXO also lowered the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and athrogenic index by 14.7, 31.4, 24.1, and 45.4%, respectively, and reduced the liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 6.7 and 25.8%, respectively. It increased the plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (37.7%), compared to the control group. Furthermore, the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) showed lower activities in the EXO administered groups than the other experimental groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the exo-biopolymer may alleviate the blood glucose level by increased insulin secretion.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 1997

The hypoglycemic effect of the extract of Ficus racemosa leaves was studied on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Petroleum ether $(60-80^{\circ}C)$ extract of the plant obtained by soxhlet extraction from coarsely pulverised leaves was used. In the $LD_{50}$ determination of the extract no abnormalities were observed at the dose range of 3 g/kg (p.o.) of the extract. The extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally) caused a reduction of blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by 28.9% (P<0.00l) and 34.6% (P<0.001) respectively at the end of 9 days. The results. of this study indicate that the petroleum ether $(60-80^{\circ}C)$ extract of the leaves possesses significant hypoglycemic activity in hyperglycemic animals compared with glybenclamide as standard drug.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.438-442
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• 2010

Rhemannie Radix Preparata (RRP) has been previously employed in traditional oriental medicine as a treatment for diabetic thirst and improving blood flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate its hypoglycemic control by assaying the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Further, RRP extracts were prepared in water (RRPW), in 50% ethanol (RRP50), and in 100% ethanol (RRP100), respectively, and compared for their actions in diabetic rats. The oral treatment of RRP (5 mg/kg b.w./d) to diabetic rats for 21 days resulted in a significant decline in blood glucose by 67% compared to diabetic control rats (P < 0.05). The altered activities of glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the livers of diabetic rats were reversed significantly to near-normal levels by the administration of RRP (P < 0.05). Among the three RRP extracts, RRP100 was the most effective in terms of hypoglycemic action. However, the administration of RRP to diabetic rats did not improve insulin production. The modulatory effects of RRP100 on the attenuation of carbohydrate enzyme activities appear to hold promise for widespread use for the treatment of diabetes in the future.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.541-545
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• 2009

Water and ethanol extracts were prepared from the haesongi mushroom (Hypsizigus marmoreus) to measure functional components. The ability of the extracts to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and their hypoglycemic effects were also determined; the latter was measured by $\alpha$-amylase and glucosidase inhibition. Extraction yield, protein content, total phenol, and $\beta$-glucan in the water extracts were 55.86, 17.71, 1.89, and 21.93%, respectively. The respective values for the ethanol extracts were lower than those for water extracts. Both water and ethanol extracts showed dosedependent ACE inhibition, the effect of the former being greater. The water extract inhibited ACE activity by 95.34% at 40 mg/mL. The $IC_{50}$ values of the water extracts were 63.32 and 0.41 mg/mL for $\alpha$-amylase and glucosidase, respectively. Thus, the water extracts had a greater hypoglycemic effect than the ethanol extracts. From these results, water is a better solvent than ethanol to extract from the haesongi mushroom functional components that show ACE inhibition and have hypoglycemic effects.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2008

Hypoglycemic effects of exo-biopolymers (EBP) produced by submerged mycelial cultures of Coriolus versicolor, Cordyceps sinensis, Paecilomyces japonica, Armillariella mellea, and Fomes fomentarius were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The rats from each experimental group were orally administered with EBPs (100 mg/kg BW) daily for 2 weeks. Though the hypoglycemic effect was achieved in all the cases, however, C. versicolor EBP proved as the most potent one. The administration of the C. versicolor EBP substantially reduced (29.9%) the plasma glucose level as compared to the saline administered group (control). It also reduced the plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels by 9.22, 23.83, 16.93, and 27.31%, respectively. The sugar and amino acid compositions of this EBP were also analyzed in detail.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.461-466
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• 2000

Tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III from the flowers of Pueraria thunbergiana showed potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Intraperitoneal administration of these two compounds with 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, for seven days to streptozotocin-induced rats significantly reduced the blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL- and VLDI-cholesterol and triglyceride levels when compared with those of control group. Glycitein in which 5-OH is unlinked and tectoridin (7-O-glycoside of tectorigenin) isolated from the flowers of P. thunbergiana did not improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In addition, tectorigenin showed in vitro antioxidant effects on 1,1-diphenyl-B-pirylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, xanthine-xanthine oxidase superoxide anion radical, and lipid peroxidation in rat microsomes induced by enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods. We further found that tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III protected the Vero cell line(normal monkey kidney) from injury by hydrogen peroxide. From these findings, it seems likely that the antioxidant action of tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III may alleviate the streptozotocin-induced toxicity and contribute to hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.425-429
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• 2008

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 1 diabetes, or juvenile-onset diabetes, results from a cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the ${\beta}$-cells of the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes, is a term used for individuals who have insulin resistance, a condition that makes it harder for the cells to properly use insulin, and usually have relative insulin deficiency. The diabetes causes the onset of chronic complications and diabetic neuropathy is one of the most debilitating complications. In this study, the hypoglycemic effect and the preventive effect of diabetic complications of Dioscorea rhizoma extract(DRE) were examined in rodent model. We investigated the glucose tolerance test and long term hypoglycemic effect of DRE in Type 1 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and Type 2 diabetic db/db mice. DRE showed a hypoglycemic effect on blood glucose levels than that of control group in Type 1 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and Type 2 diabetic db/db mice. On the basis of our results, we conclude that long-term use of DRE might help decrease blood glucose level and prevention of diabetes-associated complication.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.518-528
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• 1992

To determine the optimal conformation of sulfonylureas, the correlation between conformation and hypoglycemic activity of the two sulfonylureas of tolbutamide and chlorpropamide as hypoglycemic agent was studied using an empirical potential function (ECEPP/2) and the hydration shell model in the unhydrated and hydrated states. The conformational energy was minimized from several starting conformations with possible torsion angles in each molecule. The conformational entropy change of each conformation was computed using a harmonic approximation. To understand the hydration effect on the conformation of the molecules in aqueous solution, the contribution of water-accessible volume of each group or atom in the lowest-free-energy conformation was calculated and compared each other. From comparison of the computed lowest-free-energy conformations of two sulfonylureas, it could be suggested that the hydration of sulfonylurea moiety is related to increase the hypoglycemic activity. From the calculation results, it was known that the conformational entropy is the major contribution to stabilize the low-free-energy conformations of two sulfonylureas in unhydrated state. Whereas, in hydrated state, the hydration free energy largely contributes to the total free energies of low-free-energy conformations of tolbutamide and conformational entropy contributes to stabilize the low-free-energy conformations of chlorpropamide. The torsion angles from phenyl ring to urea moiety of the low-free-energy conformations of the two sulfonylureas were shown the nearly regular trend. On the basis of these results, the conformation exhibiting the optimal hypoglycemic activity of sulfonylureas and the binding direction to pancreatic receptor site A could be predicted. Also, according to the side chain lengthening of urea moiety, tolbutamide showed various conformational change. Therefore, steric effect may be important factor in the interaction between sulfonylureas and the putative pancreatic receptor.