• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6501-6504
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• 2012

Background: Multiple myeloma is the most common malignant plasma cell dyscrasia and ranks second among primary haematological malignancies. This study describes the epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic profile of monoclonal gammopathies seen in the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), a tertiary care referral centre. Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis of 85 cases diagnosed at UHWI over the 5-year period 2003-2007 was conducted. The cases were identified from the bone marrow records as well as the computerized database of the Medical Records Department. Clinical presentation, family and personal history and demographic data were retrieved. Haematological and biochemical results were also analyzed. Results: There were 85 patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathies. The M:F ratio was 1.2:1 and the mean age was $65.7{\pm}1.3$ years. Eighty percent of the patients had skeletal pain and 40% experienced weight loss. Of the patients experiencing bone pain 56.7% had multiple lytic lesions, 26.7% had pathological fractures and 26.7% had compression fractures. Seventy-four patients (87.1%) had a haemoglobin level <12.0 g/dL with 52.9% having values <8.0 g/dL. Renal impairment was evident at diagnosis in 36.5%. Hypercalcemia was seen in 26.5% and hyperuricemia in 45.9%. Of the 79 patients who had serum protein electrophoresis performed, 77.2% had at least one monoclonal band and of these 24.6% had a monoclonal protein also present on urine protein electrophoresis. Conclusions: The demographic profile in this group of patients is largely similar to other studies in predominantly Caucasian populations; however there was a notable increase in prevalence of severe disease at presentation, with the majority of patients presenting at the most advanced stage. It is probable that these differences reflect socioeconomic factors and not merely inherent ethnic variation in disease biology.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body fat and risk factors of chronic diseases in obese children and eventually to contribute to the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, skinfold thickness, circumferences, body fat content were measured in 55 obese subjects of age 5-20. Blood pressure, serum components, daily food intakes were also considered. The average age of the subjects was 12.5$\pm$3.3yrs and the mean obesity index was 64.7$\pm$21.3%. The average percentage of body fat was 35.6$\pm$5.4% and the mean weight of lean body mass was 45.3$\pm$13.9kg. Mean total muscle weight of the subjects was estimated to be 34.11$\pm$1.3kg. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the obese were 134.8$\pm$15.8mmHg and 69.6$\pm$11.6mgHg respectively. The concentrations fo serum triglyceride, total cholersterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were estimated to be 246.0$\pm$136.4mg/dl, 257.0$\pm$54.3mg/dl, 48.2$\pm$13.1mg/dl and 158.9$\pm$53.5mg/이 respectively. The concentrations of serum GOT and GPT were 34.6$\pm$17.1U/L and 24.7$\pm$15.3U/L. The mean content of uric acid is serum was 6.2$\pm$1.9mg/dl. Of these 55 children, 82% has hyperlipidemia, 26% was abnormal liver function and 24% was hyperuricemia. One patient was diabetic. Eighty seven% of them have developed more than one complications.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.477-484
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• 2008

The present study was aimed at investigating the hypouricemic and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the various fractions of the hydromethanolic extract of the leaves of Coccinia grandis L. Voigt (Cucurbitaceae). The leaves of this species was used in traditional medicinal system for the treatment of gout, rheumatism, jaundice, bronchitis, fever, skin eruptions, wounds, etc. The degree of xanthine oxidase inhibition was determined in vitro by measuring the increase in absorbance at 295 nm associated with uric acid formation. Among the fractions tested, the chloroform fraction exhibited highest potency ($IC_{50}$ $17.8\;{\mu}g/ml$). This was followed by the pet-ether ($IC_{50}$ $29.7\;{\mu}g/ml$), ethyl acetate ($IC_{50}$ $41.2\;{\mu}g/ml$) and residual ($IC_{50}$ $47\;{\mu}g/ml$) fractions. The $IC_{50}$ value of allopurinol was $6.1\;{\mu}g/ml$. In addition, the hypouricemic and hepatic xanthine oxidase (XO)/xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) inhibitory activities of the fractions were examined in vivo using oxonate (280 mg/kg, i.p.) induced hyperuricemic mice. At a dose of 200 mg/kg orally for 7 days, the pet-ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions produced a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in serum urate level and also inhibited hepatic XO/XDH activities when compared to hyperuricemic mice. These inhibitory effects were weaker than that observed for the standard drug, allopurinol (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the enzyme kinetics indicated that the mode of inhibition was of a mixed type. These results suggest that the use of Coccinia grandis leaves for the treatment of gout could be attributed to its XO inhibitory activity.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2003

An 8-month-old male infant presented with persistent, gross, orange-colored crystals in his urine. His physical and neurological development was normal. Laboratory study showed hyperuricemia, hyperuricosuria and urate crystaluria. He was determined to have partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT) deficiency. The molecular genetic analysis revealed a missense mutation in the patient's HPRT gene. By sequencing the patient's cDNA, we identified an A-to-G transition at nucleotide 239, resulting in the replacement of Aspartate with Glycine at amino acid 80 in the HPRT. To our knowledge, this mutation has not previously been reported. Our patient is now being placed on allopurinol therapy, and has had no problem since. Partial HPRT deficiency has been known to cause recurrent acute renal failure without the phenotypic features of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Therefore, we think that early diagnosis and treatment are very crucial in preventing acute renal failure.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1141-1150
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• 1999

Renal failure is one of the main causes of economic impacts in the poultry industry and complex syndrome with different severity of clinical signs caused by multiple nephropathogenic factors such as infectious bronchitis viral infection and excess salt and calcium in diet. To evaluate the correlation between severity of renal failure and the causative nephropathogenic factors, one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were treated with either single causative factor or multiple causative factors described as above. Each group was designed as control for non-treated control, IB for infectious bronchitis virus (IB virus) infection, IBHNa for IB virus infection with high diet salt, IBHCa for IB virus infection with high diet calcium, IBHNC for IB virus infection with high diet salt and calcium, HNa for high diet salt, HCa for high diet calcium and HNC for high diet salt and calcium. Chickens were inoculated with IB virus at 1-day-old and remained on their respective diets until 21 day of age. Plasma $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, BUN, creatinine, calcium and uric acid values were examined. The results obtained were as follows ; IB virus and high dietary calcium combined treatment showed elevated plasma uric acid. BUN and creatinine values were not characteristic on chicken renal failure. But plasma uric acid values were increased according to renal lesion. Hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia did not induce urate deposition and mineralization in the kidney.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2014

Elevated serum uric acid levels are associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes, including gout, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. Several genome-wide association studies on uric acid levels have implicated the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, member 2 (ABCG2) gene as being possibly causal. We investigated an association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2725220 in the ABCG2 gene and uric acid levels in the Korean population. A total of 991 subjects in Seoul City were used for a replication study with ABCG2 SNP rs2725220. The rs2725220 SNP in the ABCG2 gene was associated with mean uric acid levels (effect per allele 0.25 mg/dL, p < 0.0001). Subjects with the GC/CC genotype had a 1.78-fold (range, 1.22- to 2.62-fold) higher risk of having abnormal uric acid levels (${\geq}7.0mg/dL$) than subjects with the GG genotype. When analyzed by gender, the association with ABCG2 was stronger in men than in women. The association with ABCG2 was much stronger in male subjects with body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}26.4$ (odds ratio, 5.09; 95% confidence interval, 2.41 to 10.8) than in male subjects with BMI < 26.4. This study clearly demonstrates that genetic variations in ABCG2 influence uric acid levels in Korean adults.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 1977

Eight patients with polycythemia vera were diagnosed from 1965 through 1977 among the patients of Seoul National University Hospital. In our series there were 4 men and 4 women with average age of 54 years at the time of diagnosis. Symptoms of facial plethora, headache, pruritus and dizziness were the most frequent manifestations of disease in order of frequency. At inital examination 8 of 8 patients had facial plethora, 6 of 8 patients splenomegaly and 4 if 8 patients hepatomegaly. The laboratory data revealed mean Red cell volume of 55+10ml/kg which was elevated in all cases. Leukocytosis was observed in 5 of 8 patients and thrombocytosis 2 of 8 patients. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase was increased in all cases. Bone marrow aspiration disclosed typical panmyelosis in 5 of 8 patients. In one patient there was diffuse myelofibrosis on bone marrow biopsy. The combined diseases included 2 patient with hypertension and 1 patient with thrombosis of aorta and left renal artery. The patients were treated with phlebotomy alone in 2 patients, chemotherapy with busulfan in 1 patient and $^{32}P$ in 5 patients with favorable results. During the mean 29.9 months follow up period, there were development of iron deficiency in 3 patients, hyperuricemia in 2 patients and thrombosis in 1 patient. The occurrence of acute leukemia of myelofibrosis was not observed in the course of disease.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.379-383
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• 2018

Beer is the most popular alcoholic fermentation product, but its high purine content has been known to be associated with hyperuricemia and gout. In this study, we examined whether the purine content of beer could be lowered by changing the fermentation temperature during beer-brewing. We brewed beers at different temperatures, $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, that are two typical beer-brewing conditions for bottom- and top-fermentation, respectively, and the contents of the representative purines, adenine, guanine, and xanthine in each beer were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. As a result, the total purine content of the beer fermented at $10^{\circ}C$ was lower than that of fermented beer at $20^{\circ}C$. Especially, the content of adenine was lowered significantly.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hyperuricemic nephropathy is a common cause of acute kidney injury. Resveratrol can ameliorate kidney injury, but the explicit mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effects of resveratrol on the inflammatory response and renal injury in hyperuricemic rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: A rat model of hyperuricemic nephropathy was established by the oral administration of a mixture of adenine and potassium oxinate. Biochemical analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed to assess the rat kidney function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to evaluate the immune and oxidative responses. RESULTS: The expression levels of urine albumin and β2-microglobulin were significantly decreased after resveratrol treatment. In addition, the levels of serum creatinine and uric acid were significantly decreased in the resveratrol groups, compared with the control group. The levels of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, in kidney tissue and serum were also increased in the hyperuricemic rats, and resveratrol treatment inhibited their expression. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity in kidney tissue as well as the superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase levels in serum were all decreased by resveratrol treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol may protect against hyperuricemic nephropathy through regulating the inflammatory response.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2022

Objectives: Gout is an inflammatory arthritis of the joints and soft tissues occurring due to deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which are caused by persistent hyperuricemia. Soyeom pharmacopuncture is one treatment method that has been traditionally used for pain management in Oriental medicine. However, studies on its effect in reducing gout pain have been insufficient. Therefore, we selected Soyeom pharmacopuncture among natural products used in Korea as the new target of our study. Methods: The effects of Soyeom pharmacopuncture were examined in mouse models of acute gout induced by injection of MSU crystals into footpads. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production were examined by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as hallmarks of NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokine activation. Results: Soyeom pharmacopuncture reduced foot edema in gout-induced mice, as well as IL-1β, nitrite, IL-6, and TNF-α production. Moreover, Soyeom pharmacopuncture also reduced MSU-induced gout inflammatory gene expressions, specifically those in the NF-kB pathway. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture may serve as a new solution for other inflammatory diseases as well. Through active follow-up studies, we could thoroughly understand the clinical value of Soyeom pharmacopuncture.