• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.187-190
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• 1990

Maltol(2-methyl-3-hydroxy-r-pyrone), a component known to be present in Korean Ginseng root showed an antioxidant action but its potency as an antioxidant was low: about 1150th that of other antioxidants such as pphenylenediamine, BHA and BHT. However, maltol was able to protect the oxidation damages in biological systems such as adriamycin-induced membrane damage in isolated cardiomyocytes, paraquat-induced toxicities in isolated hepatocytes and reperfusion injury in isolated hearts. The antioxidant action of maltol was also shown to be effective in vivo. The antioxidant action of this compound was probably due to the removal of hydroxyl radicals. In view of the roles of oxygen radical in various pathological proceises, Korean Ginseng root which contains several antioxidants including maltol is expected to have beneficial effects on the oxygen radical-involved processes.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2002

The sonochemical process has been applied as a treatment method to investigate its effect on the decomposition of humic substances (HS). The reaction kinetics and mechanisms in the process of sonochemical treatment for humic substances in wastewater have also been discussed. It was observed that the metal ions such Fe(II) and Mn(II) showed catalytic effects, while Al(III), Ca(II), and Mg(II) had inhibitory effects on the decomposition of humic substances in sonochemical reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Experimental results also showed factors such as hydrogen peroxide dose affected the formation of disinfection by-products. Two trihalomethanes, chloroform and dichlorobromomethane were formed as major disinfection by-products during chlorination. The depolymerization and the radical reaction of HS radicals appear to occur simultaneously. The final step of the reaction is the conversion of organic acids to carbon dioxide.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.990-994
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• 2002

Hydroxybenzothiophenes, dihydroxy-benzothiophenes, and benzothiophenedione were identified as inter-mediates of benzothiophene (BT) exposed to ultrasonic irradiation. It is proposed that benzothiophene is oxidized by OH radical to sequentially for m hydroxybenzothiophenes, dihydroxybenzothiophenes, and benzothiophenedione. Benzothiophene is decomposed rapidly following pseudo-first-order kinetics in a first-order manner by ultrasonic irradiation in aqueous solution. The toxicity of sonochemically treated solutions was checked by E. coli and a less inhibition in bacterial respiration was observed from the 120-min treated benzothiophene sample than from the untreated benzothiophene sample. Also evolution of carbon dioxide and sulfite was observed during ultrasonic reaction. A pathway for ultrasonic decomposition of benzothiophene in aqueous solution is proposed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.885-888
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• 2005

Jacaranone and related compounds (1-3) were isolated, along with three triterpenes (4-6), from the fresh fruits of Ternstroemia japonica. The compounds were identified as jacaranone (1), 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrojacaranone (2), 3-methoxy-2,3-dihydrojacaranone (3), 3-O-acetyl­oleanolic acid (4), 3-O-acetylursolic acid (5), and ursolic acid (6). Jacaranone and its derivatives were isolated for the first time from Theaceae. Of the isolated compounds, compound 3 is a new compound. Jacaranone (1) exhibited weak antioxidative effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.221-225
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• 1999

Antioxidative compounds contained in roasted safflower seeds were investigated. Six phenolic compounds, N-feruloylserotonin, N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, matairesinol, 8'-hydroxyarctigenin, acacetin 7-Ο-β-D-glucoside(tilianine) and acacetin were isolated and identified from the extract of seeds. The inhibitory effects of six phenolic compounds on 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation induced by H₂O₂/FeSO₄in rat liver microsomes were determined. Two serotonins showed more potent DPPH radical scavenging activity, and a stronger inhibitory effect on the lipid peroxidation than that of α-tocopherol. In addition, acacetin and matairesinol also considerably inhibited lipid peroxidation, while 2-hydroxy-arctigenin and tilianine were inactive. These results suggest that phenolic compounds, including serotonins, lignans and flavonoids in the roasted safflower seeds can be used as potential dietary natural antioxidants.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.252-256
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• 1990

Oxidative damage to DNA can be caused by excited oxygen species, which are produced by radiation or are by-products of aerobic metabolism. Endogenous evels of 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), an adduct that results from the damage of DNA caused by hydroxyl radical,have been detected in E. coli and S. typhimurium. Treatment of bacterial cells with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide caused a moderate increase in the 8-OH-dG content. The enzymatic release of 8-OH-dG from asocorbate/Cu(II)-treated DNA was effected by an extract of E. coli cells. These results indicate that 8-OH-dG is formed in vivo inbacterial DNA through endogenous oxidative mechanisms and on treatment with an oxygen radical-producing agent and that it is repairable.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.947-953
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• 2004

The antioxidative and hepatoprotective potentials of two anthraquinones, alaternin (2-hydroxy-emodin) and emodin, to scavenge and/or inhibit hydroxyl radicals generated by the Fenton reaction and to protect tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human liver derived HepG2 cells were evaluated, respectively. The inhibitory activity on hydroxyl radical generated in a cell-free chemical system (FeSO$_4$/$H_2O$$_2$) was investigated by a fluorescence spectrophotometer using a highly fluorescent probe, 2$^1$,7$^1$-dichlorofluorescein. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy using 5,5-dimethy-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as hydroxyl radicals trapping agents. Tacrine-induced HepG2 cell toxicity was determined by a 3-［4,5-dimethylthiazole-2yl］-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium bromide assay. Although the scavenging activity of alaternin on hydroxyl radical was similar to that of emodin in dose-dependent pat-terns, the inhibitory activity exhibited by the former on hydroxyl radical generation was stron-ger than that of the latter, with $IC_{50}$/ values of 3.05$\pm$0.26 $\mu$M and 13.29$\pm$3.20 $\mu$M, respectively. In addition, the two anthraquinones, alaternin and emodin showed their hepatoprotective activ-ities on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity, and the EC$_{50}$ values were 4.02 11M and 2.37 $\mu$M, respec-tively. Silymarin, an antihepatotoxic agent used as a positive control exhibited the EC$_{50}$ value of 2.00 $\mu$M. These results demonstrated that both alaternin and emodin had the simultaneous antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.ies.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.289-317
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to reseach the effect of Daesihotang and its component groups on diabetes, free radical and antioxidative defense system in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The experimental group was divided into three groups: Daesihotang (DS), Soyangyak (DS1), Yangmyungyak (DS2). The results were obtained as follows: The level of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, creatinine in serum were considerablely reduced by Daesihotang. And the level of HDL cholesterol, albumin, total protein in serum were increased by Daesihotang significantly. And the level of BUN has some decreased, but with no significancy. In the study of Daesihotang on free radical scavenging effect in vitro, it has shown that Daesihotang and its components group have significant suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration. And in other experiments as scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in $H_2O_2-Fe^{2+}$ system, Daesihatang have some activity, but with no significancy. In the study of Daesihotang on antioxidative defense system in vivo, the activity of GOT and GPT in serum were significantly increased; and the amounts of lipid peroxide in serum was reduced significantly but in liver no significancy. In hepatic catalase activity, Daesihotang has showed significant effect. In the level of hepatic glutathione, Daesihotang increased the amount of glutathione significantly. And in the activity of glutathione-s-transferase, Daesihotang has decreasing effect but has no significancy. These result suggest that Daesihotang has strong effect on diabetes and it is useful to prevent diabetes, but has less effect on peroxidative damage by free radical.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1984

0.1M tetraethylammoniumperchlorate (TEAP)를 지지전해질로 한 acetonitrile속에서 direct current (DC), differential pulse (DP) polarography 및 cyclo voltammetry (CV) 방법에 의한 Sumithion의 전기화학적 환원반응은 -1.0~-2.50volt vs. Ag-AgCl 범위에서, 제1단계로 P-Oph 결합의 분열에 의하여 dimethylthiophosphonyl radical과 p-nitro-m-cresol이 생성되는 1전자 유사가역반응이 일어나고, 제2단계는 전형적인 1전자 비가역 반응으로 dimethylthiophosphonyl radical이 dimethylthiophosphonate가 되며, 제3단계 반응은 2.7volt vs. Ag-AgCl의 높은 음전위에서 p-nitro-m-cresol은 4전자 비가역반응에 의한 nitro group의 환원으로 p-hydroxy-amino-m-cresol이 생성되는 총 3단계의 비가역적인 electron-transfer chemical reaction (EC) 메카니즘으로 전극반응이 진행됨을 알았다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

Fifteen herbs used in oral medicine were extracted in ethanol and screened for tooth whitening effect, radical scavenging activity, inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and anti-bacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans. The results are as followed: 1. The tooth whitening effect of toothpaste containing 1 $\%$ ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested in brushing method using artificially stained HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. Toothpaste containing 1$\%$ of Vucia unijuga, Illicium verum, Angelica dahurica and Piper longum extracts showed tooth whitening effects on both HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. But the others did not show a considerable activity. 2. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested using the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reactivity. Two ethanol extracts of Cimicifuga heracleifolia and Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis were found to be the most effective on radical scavenging activity. C. heracleifolia and P. nigra var. henonis extracts removed 86$\%$ and 81 $\%$ of DPPH radical at 0.01$\%$, compared with butylated hydroxy toluene as positive control. 3. The inhibition activity of ethanol extracts on nitrate production In RAW264.7 cell stimulated by lipopolysacchride was tested using the Griess reagent. But all extracts did not inhibit nitrate production. 4. The antibacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans was tested by paper disk method. But no one extract showed any anti - bacterial activity.