• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.21-22
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• 2001

Phospholipase A$_2$(PLA$_2$) comprise a family of enzymes that hydrolyze the acyl bond at the sn-2 position of phospholipids to generate free fatty acids including arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. Distinct forms of PLA$_2$are involved in digestion, inflammation, and intercelluar-and intracellular signaling pathways. The released arachidonic acid, which is enriched at the sn-2 position, serves as the precursor for eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. During oxygenation of arachidonic acid to hydroxy endoperoxide, reactive oxygen radicals are generated. On the other hand, lysophospholipids increase membrane fluidity and can be cytotoxic with its detergent-like action. Thus, the biochemical features of the products of PLA$_2$activity suggest that PLA$_2$may be implicated in many destructive cellular processes.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1993

수계에 분포하고 있는 Plesiomonas shigelloides 균을 분리, 동정하고 임상유래균과의 세균학적 특성을 비교검토하였다. 부산근교인 구포에서 채수된 사료중 1개의 시료, 물금에서의 2개의 시료에서 P. shigelloides 가 분리, 동정되었으나 해운대, 수영, 다대포, 낙동강하구언, 강동 등에서 채수된 시료에서는 분리되지 않았다. 분리균의 최적 증식조건은 peptone water 에 $25~35^{\circ}C$ pH 7.5-8.0, NaCl 농도는 1%이하였고, 선택성 중균배지로서는 alkaline peptone water 에 insitol 을 첨가한 것이 증식이 가장 우수하였다. 생화학적 특성에 있어서는 DNase 가 다른 연구결과와는 달리 느리게 생성되었고, 지방산 조성은 $C_{12}~C_{18}$ 3-hydroxylate 지방산이 3%, cyclopropane ($C_{17:0}$ 이 0~10%, hexadecanoic acid ($C_{16:0}$) 가 25-30%, hexadecenoic acid ($C_{16:1}$) 가 32-43%, octadecanoic acid ($C_{18:0}$) 가 1-2%, octadecenoic acid( $C_{18:1}$)가 9~14% 등으로 나타났다. 임상유래균주와 수계에서 분리한 균주의 생화학적 특성 및 항생제 감수성, 지방산 조성은 비슷하였다. 환자에서 분리된 균주가 수계에서 분리한 균주보다 lactose 분해속도가 빨랐고, chloramphenicol 에 대한 내성을 나타내는 균주가 있었지만 수계에서 분리된 균주는 내성을 나타내지 않았다. 지방산 조성에서 임상유래 균주는 $C_{17:0cyclo}$ 0~2%, $C_{18:0}$ 0~2% 였으나, 수계의 균주에서는 각각 2~10%, 1-2%로 양적인 차이를 보였다.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.27-39
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• 2005

a-Ketol linolenic acid [KODA, 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid, or 9-hydroxy-10 -oxo-12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid] was found as a stress-induced factor in Lemna paucicostata. KODA reacts with catecholamines to generate many products that strongly induce flowering in L. paucicostata, although KODA itself was inactive. KODA contains an asymmetric carbon at the 9-position in the molecule; the 9-hydroxyl group is predominantly 9R, with an enantiomeric excess of 40% (70% 9R and 30% 9S). We analyzed two major products of the reaction between KODA and norepinephrine, named FN1 and FN2. FN1 was identified as a tricyclic a-ketol fatty acid, 9(R)-11-{(2'R,8’R,10'S,11'S)-2',8'-dihydroxy-7'-oxo-11'-[(Z)-2-pentenyl]-9'-oxa-4'-azatricyclo[6.3.1.01.5]dodec-5'en-10'-yl}-9-hydroxy-10-oxoundecanoic acid. FN2 was the C-9 epimer of FN1. FN1 was derived from 9R-type KODA and FN2 from 9S-type. FN1 showed strong flower-inducing activity, but FN2 was inactive. Pharbitis nil (violet) is a typical short-day plant; flowering can be induced by exposing a seedling cultivated under continuous light to a single 16-h dark period. We analyzed endogenous KODA levels and showed that they were closely related to flower induction: KODA sharply increased in the later part of a 16-h dark period, on the other hand, it failed to increase in the night-break experiment. In addition to it, KODA increased transiently in immature flower buds in all the plants we examined, including P. nil. No such increase of KODA was seen in foliar buds of P. nil. When KODA was sprayed on seedlings of Pharbitis, flower induction was promoted only by the (R)-form of KODA. We also found that KODA enhances flowering in garden plants such as carnations and impatienses. These phenomena indicate that KODA may be involved in flowering formationg of plants and it is potentially useful for a regulating agent for commercial plant flowering.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1259-1266
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• 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the possible application of Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) silage as a functional feeding stuff in dairy cattle. Methods: Seventy-two Holstein cows were divided into four groups randomly and allocated to 6 pens with 3 individuals in each group and fed the original total mixed ratio (TMR) in the dairy farm or the new TMR with 5%, 10%, and 15% B. papyrifera silage, separately. Feed intake were recorded, milk and blood samples were collected, and milk composition, blood metabolites and milk fatty acids composition were measure at the end of the experiment. Results: Dry matter intake of cows decreased when they fed on diet with B. papyrifera, but no differences were observed in body condition score, milk yield, milk protein and lactose, feed efficiency and serum metabolites between groups. Both 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage in the diet significantly increased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in serum, 15% of B. papyrifera silage increased the content of serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and decreased the content of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage resulted in a significant decrease in the milk somatic cell count, and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the milk. Conclusion: The diets with 10% to 15% of B. papyrifera silage might enhance the immune and antioxidant function of dairy cows and increase the polyunstaturated fatty acid concentration in the milk.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Lipid peroxidation is a free radical oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid or arachidonic acid. This process has been related with various pathologies and disease status mainly because of the oxidation products formed during the process. The oxidation products include reactive aldehydes such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. These reactive aldehydes can form adducts with DNAs and proteins, leading to the alterations in their functions to cause various diseases. This review will provide a short summary on the implication of lipid peroxidation on cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration as well as chemical and biochemical mechanisms by which these adducts affect the pathological conditions. In addition, select examples will be presented where antioxidants were used to counteract oxidative damage caused by lipid peroxidation. At the end, isoprostanes are discussed as a gold standard for the assessment of oxidative damages.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2014

Phytochemical investigation of the 80% MeOH extract from the leaves of Hosta longipes resulted in the isolation of sixteen compounds (1 - 16). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods to be methyl 10,10-dimethoxydecanoate (1), methyl 10-hydroxy-8E,12Z-octadecadienoate (2), methyl coriolate (3), trans-phytol (4), phytene-1,2-diol (5), phyton (6), (3S,5R,6S,7E,9R)-7-megastigmene-3,6,9-triol (7), (3S,5R,6S,9R)-3,6,9-trihydroxymegastigman-7-ene (8), shikimic acid (9), p-coumaramide (10), trans-N-p-coumaroyltyramine (11), cis-N-coumaroyltyramine (12), tryptophan (13), thymidine (14), adenosine (15), and deoxyadenosine (16). Compound 1 was synthesized, but not yet isolated from natural source, and compounds 2-16 were isolated for the first time from this plant source.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.478-483
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• 1995

한국산 쌀(일반계 일품벼)로부터 돌연변이 억제물질의 구성성분을 확인할 목적으로 methanol 추출물을 용매분획 및 column chromatography하여 활성 spot을 분리하고 정성 분석과 기기분석을 수행하였다. Ether, ethylacetate, butanol 및 수용성 용매 획분 가운데 ether 획분의 억제활성이 가장 높았으며 silica gel column chromatography를 시행하여 성분을 분리하였을 경우 methanol추출물의 억제활성이 80% 이상으로 나타났던 결과와 비교하여 분리가 진행됨에 따라 억제활성은 $0{\sim}30%$로 감소하였다. 활성 물질을 정성분석한 결과 ferric chloride, 2,7-dichlorofluorescein, antimony pentachloride, phosphomolybdic acid, bromothymol blue, rhodamin 6G등의 시약에서는 양성을, ninhydrin, Bial's orcinol 시약에서는 음성을 나타내어 억제활성 물질은 페놀성 화합물과 지질성분인 것으로 조사되었다. 분리된 활성획분을 GC/Mass로 확인한 결과 o-hydroxy benzyl alcohol (saligenin), octanoic acid(caprylic acid), 9,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid(linoleic acid), 11-cis-octadecenoic acid(oleic acid), hexadecanoic acid(palmitic acid), 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid, 및 1,2-benzenedicarxylic acid(phthalate)가 주요 구성성분인 것으로 분석되었으며 이들 성분들의 억제활성은 표준시약을 사용한 항변이원성 시험에서 재확인되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1144-1151
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• 2019

비알코올성 지방간은 만성 간 질환으로 비만, 고혈압, 비만, 이상지질혈증과 같은 다양한 대사증후군과 연관되어 있다. 꾸지뽕은 한국을 포함한 동아시아 국가에서 다양한 질병에 사용되는 약용작물로 본 연구에서는 유리지방산에 의해 지방축적이 유도된 세포 내에서 꾸지뽕 열매 추출물의 비알코올성 지방간 개선 효과와 기전을 규명하였다. 꾸지뽕 열매 추출물은 지방 축적 및 중성지방, 콜레스테롤 생성 및 HMG 환원효소의 활성을 억제하였다. 또한 지방생성과 관련된 유전자인 SREBP-1, FAS, SCD-1, SREBP-2의 발현을 억제 하였으며 AMPK의 활성화를 억제하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해서 꾸지뽕 열매 추출물이 유리지방산에 의해 유도된 지방 축적을 억제하고 AMPK/SREBP 신호전달 경로를 조절하여 억제 활성을 나타냄을 밝히며, 비알코올성 지방간의 예방 및 개선을 위한 천연물 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2002

이 시험은 현재 우리나라 환경문제 중 하나로서 큰 오염원으로 인식되고 있는 남은 음식물의 재활용과 사료로서의 이용성을 높이기 위한 보존재로서 MHA의 적정 사용량을 알아내기 위하여 실시하였다. 소규모 식당에서 발생하는 남은 음식물을 수집하여 methionine 수산화물(MHA)을 처리하여 $40^{\circ}C$ 인큐베이터안에서 40일동안 변화를 관찰하였다. MHA를 원물중량의 1%, 3%, 5% 첨가구를 두고 대조구와 비교하였다. 염도는 MHA 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하는 경향이 있었으며(p<0.05) pH는 MHA의 첨가량이 많아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 휘발성지방산함량에 있어서는 대조구는 30일 이후에 증가하는 경향을 보였고 MHA처리구는 1, 3, 5% 첨가구 모두 15일차까지 감소하고 이후 일정한 함량을 나타내었다. 암모니아태 질소함량은 MHA의 첨가수준이 높을수록 떨어지는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 시료의 외관상 변화는는 대조구에서 표면 곰팡이 발생과 연화정도가 심하게 나타내었으며, MHA 첨가구에서는 1%구에서는 표면의 얇은 곰팡이는 나타내었으나 내부는 변화를 보이지 않아 남은음식물의 고온상태에서의 변패 변질 방지를 위해 MHA를 1% 이상 첨가하면 효과가 있는 것으로 나타내었다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.244.2-245
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• 2002

4-Hydroxy nonenal (HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized $\omega$-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid. HNE is widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation. To study the hypothesis that HNE may induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, we estimated cytotoxicity of HNE in BAE (bovine aortic endothelial) cells. Anti-proliferative effects were examined by morphological changes and MTT assay after exposure to different time (0-3 hr) and concentration (3-7 ${\mu}$M of HNE. (omitted)