• 지열에너지저널
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2005

• 지열에너지저널
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2005

• 지열에너지저널
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2005

• 지열에너지저널
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2005

• 지열에너지저널
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.66-74
• /
• 2005

• 지열에너지저널
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2005

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권10호
• /
• pp.3796-3798
• /
• 2011

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.426-432
• /
• 2017

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an effective and environment friendly technique; it possesses extensive potential towards producing high-energy density solid fuels. it is a carbonization method of thermochemical process at a relatively low temperature ($180-250^{\circ}C$). It is reacted by water containing raw material. However, the production and quality of solid fuels from HTC depends upon several parameters; temperature, residence time, and pressure. This study investigates the influence of operating parameters on solid fuel production during HTC. Especially, when food waste was reacted for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 8 hours at $200^{\circ}C$ and 2.0-2.5 MPa, Data including heating value, proximate analysis and water content was consequently collected and analyzed. It was found that reaction temperature, residence time are the primary factors that influence the HTC process.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2021

One-dimensional (1D) piezoelectric nanostructures are attractive candidates for energy generation because of their excellent piezoelectric properties attributed to their high aspect ratios and large surface areas. Vertically grown BaTiO₃ nanotube (NT) arrays on conducting substrates are intensively studied because they can be easily synthesized with excellent uniformity and anisotropic orientation. In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of 1D BaTiO₃ NT arrays on a conductive Ti substrate by electrochemical anodization and sequential hydrothermal reactions. Subsequently, we explore the effect of hydrothermal reaction conditions on the piezoelectric energy conversion efficiency of the BaTiO₃ NT arrays. Vertically aligned TiO₂ NT arrays, which act as the initial template, are converted into BaTiO₃ NT arrays using hydrothermal reaction with various concentrations of the Ba source and reaction times. To validate the electrical output performance of the BaTiO₃ NT arrays, we measure the electricity generated from each NT array packaged with a conductive metal foil and epoxy under mechanical pushings. The generated output voltage signals from the BaTiO₃ NT arrays increase with increasing concentration of the Ba source and reaction time. These results provide a new strategy for fabricating advanced 1D piezoelectric nanostructures by demonstrating the correlation between hydrothermal reaction conditions and piezoelectric output performance.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
• /
• 제68권
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2018

Hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris feedstock containing 80% (w/w) water was conducted in a batch reactor as a function of temperature (300, 325 and $350^{\circ}C$) and reaction times (5, 10 and 30 min). The biocrude yield, elemental composition and higher heating value obtained for various reaction conditions helped to predict the optimum conditions for maximizing energy recovery. To optimize the recovery of inorganic nutrients, we further investigated the effect of reaction conditions on the ammonium ($NH_4{^+}$), phosphate ($PO_4{^{3-}}$), nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) and nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) concentrations in the aqueous phase. A maximum energy recovery of 78% was obtained at $350^{\circ}C$ and 5 min, with a high energy density of 34.3 MJ/kg and lower contents of oxygen. For the recovery of inorganic nutrients, shorter reaction times achieved higher phosphorus recovery, with maximum recovery being 53% at $350^{\circ}C$ and 5 min. Our results indicate that the reaction condition of $350^{\circ}C$ for 5 min was optimal for maximizing energy recovery with improved quality, at the same time achieving a high phosphorus recovery.