• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2001

K-Ar ages of the altered rocks from the Barton Peninsula are belows; altered tuffaceous andesite from southwestern part is 42 Ma, altered rocks contacted with quartz vein from southern part are 28 and 33 Ma, and advanced argillic altered andesite from northeastern part are 33 and 35 Ma. Those K-Ar ages are 10 My younger than granitic rocks of the Barton Peninsula. Hydothermal alteration of the Barton Peninsula was originated from mixing of magmatic water from parent magma of granitic rocks with meteoric water. The Al content in the hostrock is relatively constant during hydrothermal alteration, on the contrary the Mg content is in proportion to total alkali. The variation of total alkali and Mg contents in hydrothermal alteration indicates that those elements was washed out during hydrothermal alteration. The sequences of hydrothermal alteration of the Barton Peninsula is chloritization of amphiboles, sericitization of feldspars and kaolitization of sericite.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2019

This study demonstrated the ability of a Landsat-8 OLI multispectral data to identify and delineate hydrothermal alteration zones around auriferous prospects within the crystalline basement, North-western Nigeria. Remote sensing techniques have been widely used in lithological, structural discrimination and alteration rock delineation, and in general geological studies. Several artisanal mining activities for gold deposit occur in the surrounding areas within the basement complex and the search for new possible mineralized zones have heightened in recent times. Systematic Landsat-8 OLI data processing methods such as colour composite, band ratio and minimum noise fraction were used in this study. Colour composite of band 4, 3 and 2 was displayed in Red-Green-Blue colour image to distinguish lithologies. Band ratio ${\frac{4}{2}}$ image displayed in red was used to highlight ferric-ion bearing minerals(hematite, goethite, jarosite) associated with hydrothermal alteration, band ratio ${\frac{5}{6}}$ image displayed in green was used to highlight ferrous-ion bearing minerals such as olivine, amphibole and pyroxenes, while ratio ${\frac{6}{7}}$ image displayed in blue was used to highlight clay minerals, micas, talc-carbonates, etc. Band rationing helped to reduce the topographic illumination effect within images. The result of this study showed the distribution of the lithological units and the hydrothermal alteration zone which can be further prospected for mineral reserves.

• 암석학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 1993

Oxygen isotope compositions of whole rock and/or mineral separates (quartz and feldspar) have been determined for the granitic and related rocks from the Wolf River Batholith, Wisconsin. Hydrothermal alteration resulting in the decrease of ${\Delta}_{Q-F}$/ values was obaserved locally throughout the batholith. Feldspars of different colors (pink, gray and red) were separated whenever feasible and analyzed. Most red feldspars (An$_{10-30}$/) show the highest and constant ${\delta}^18O$/ values (9.3~10.0 permil) suggesting nearly complete isotope exchange with hydrothermal fluid. Based on ${\delta}^18O$/ values and the alteration temperatures (260~$350^{\circ}C$) estimated from fluid inclusion study, ${\delta}^18O$/ of fluid is calculated to be $5.0{\pm}1.4$ permil. Phanerozoic sedimentary formation water in Wisconsin is most likely the source of the fluid.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1992

The hydrothermal alteration is evaluated using multicomponent equilibrium calculations with the program CHILLER for the reactions between hydrothermal water and rhyolite at the temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ and pressure of 500 bars. The chemical-reaction model on the depositional processes of the sericitite confirms that the hydrothermal water-rock interaction(hydrothermal alteration) is the main mechanism of the sericitite formation. The principal change in the aqueous phase during the reaction is the pH increase. Overall trends for the major species are the increase in total molalities of K, Ca, $SiO_2$, Al, Mg, Fe, Na, and sulfide in solid phase with hydrothermal water-rhyolite reaction and the decrease of them in aqeous solution by precipitation of hydrothermal products. Quartz and sericite are the first minerals to form. The sequence of minerals to precipitate following them is chlorite, epidote, pyrite and microcline as water/rock ratio decreases. Although calculated results cannot duplicate the complexities of natural hydrothermal alteration, the calculation provides thermodynamic constraints on the natural process. The calculation results resemble those of experimental studies. Sericitite forms where pH decreases and water/rock ratio increases.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자원환경지질학회 2002년도 춘계 공동학술발표회
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• pp.338-340
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• 2002

• 지질공학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2017

Acid drainage in civil engineering structures such as tunnels may lead to the deposition of precipitates that clog drainage channels and pipework. In evaluating acid drainage, the Fe content of water and precipitates, indicated by reddish brown coloration of rock surfaces, rivers, and soils, may be an important factor. In this study, acid drainage was evaluated by analyzing the Fe content of reddish brown seepage water that occurred in part of a tunnel. Geological investigations around the tunnel revealed a hydrothermal alteration zone cutting the bedrock, and cropping out in the upper parts of the tunnel. Analysis of drillcore revealed many fracture zones and veins. Inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometric analyses of water, precipitates, and soil samples, collected in the seepage water zone and around the tunnel, were conducted to evaluate acid drainage. The Fe content of seepage water in the tunnel was 0.030-0.333 mg/kg, which is 2-22 times higher than in local groundwater. The Fe content of precipitates in the tunnel was 165,403-301,051 mg/kg, similar to the 206,167-422,964 mg/kg content of drillcore from the hydrothermal alteration zone located above the tunnel. It is concluded that the seepage water is derived from Fe-containing acid drainage flowing in perforated tunnel drainpipes along the fracture zones and veins around the hydrothermal alteration zone.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2011

모이산-은산 천열수 금-은광상을 배태하고 있는 황산 화산암들은 성산지구 전반에 널리 분포하며, 대규모 열수변질작용을 수반한다. 열수변질작용에 따른 지구화학적 변화특성을 파악하기 위해 모이산과 주변 화산암으로 구분하여 분석되었으며, 이들은 대체적으로 석영안산암질 내지 유문암질 조성을 갖는다. 천열수계에서 수반되는 열수변질작용은 모암으로부터 알카리원소들을 쉽게 유동시키기 때문에, 일정한 지구화학적 변화를 보인다. 이러한 특성은 열수변질작용의 정도를 정량화하는데 적용될 수 있다. 모이산 화산암들의 AI지수에 따른 $Na_2O$ 함량변화는 미약한 정도에서부터 상당히 강한 변질작용을 수반하는 단계로 정량화 될 수 있다. $K_2O$ 함량의 증가에 따른 $CaO+Na_2O$ 함량의 감소는 열수유체로부터 지속적인 $K^+$의 유입과 모암 내 장석류들의 $Ca^{2+}$와 $Na^{2+}$성분들이 제거되는 견운모화작용의 결과로 이해된다. 일부 모이산 화산암들의 선적인 변화는 강산 열수유체로부터 모든 알카리 성분들이 완전히 제거되는 강고령토변질작용의 결과로 이해될 수 있다. 또한 AI지수와 CCPI지수의 변화양상은 함금-은 석영맥을 형성시킨 광화유체의 유입으로 모이산 화산암들의 장석류가 일라이트로 교대되는 견운모변질작용과 Mg와 Fe의 활동도 증가에 따른 견운모+녹니석+황철석 변질작용에 해당하는 두 가지 변질양상을 갖는다. 미량원소 및 희토류원소들에서도 열수변질작용과 관련된 지구화학적 변화특성을 보인다. 친지각원소인 $Sr^{2+}$ 의 상당한 결핍은 열수변질작용동안 장석류들이 알루미나 규산염광물 혹은 충상규산염광물들로 변질되는 과정에서 $Ca^{2+}$가 제거되면서 이를 치환하고 있는 $Sr^{2+}$이 함께 제거된 것으로 보인다. 상대적으로 낮은 총 희토류함량(모이산: 119-182 ppm; 성산지구:111-209 ppm)과 완만한 부의 기울기는 열수변질작용동안 상당한 LREE원소들이 제거되었음을 지시된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.161-181
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• 1990

The lead-zinc-silver-iron deposits from the Janggun mine are of hydrothermal-metasomatic origin, characterized by the marked hydrothermal alteration of the wallrocks, such as hydrothermal manganese enrichment of carbonate rocks, silicification, chloritization, sericitization, montmorillonitization and argillic alteration. The ore deposits have been emplaced within the Janggun Limestone of Cambro-Ordovician age at the immediate contacts with apophyses injected from the Chunyang Granite plutons of Late Jurrasic age. They have been structurally controlled by fractures in the carbonate rocks and the irregular intrusive contacts of granitic rocks, and are closely associated with hypogene manganese carbonate deposits. In the mine nine seperate orebodies are being mined. On the basis of the petrological study, hydrothermal alteration zone of this mine may be divided into the following four zones from wallrock to orebody. (I) Primary calcite and dolomite zone${\rightarrow}$(II) dolomitic limestone zone${\rightarrow}$(III) dolomitic zone${\rightarrow}$(IV) rhodochrosite zone${\rightarrow}$ orebody. There was not recongnized Mn and Fe elements in the primary calcite and dolomite zone. But, in the dolomitic limestone and dolomite zone, calcite and dolomite were subjected to weak hydrothermal manganese enrichment and the grade of the manganese enrichment increase oreward. By means of electron probe microanalysis, it was found that manganoan dolomite occured between primary dolomite grains, cross the cleavage of the primary dolomite and around the dolomite grains. Above these result supports that the Janggun manganese carbonate deposits are of hydrothermal metasomatic origin.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1997

전남 및 경상점토열수변질지역은 백악기 유천층군의 화산암지대내 분포한다. 전남 변질지역의 모암은 산성화산암류이며 경상 변질지역의 모암은 산성 및 중성화산암류이나 중성화산암류가 우세하다. 두 변질지역의 열수변질작용을 비교 하였을 때 중요한 차이는 열수용액의 기원으로 생각된다. 경상 열수변질지대는 마그마수가 열수의 주 기원으로서 고온성 변질광물인 엽납석이나 홍주석이 우세하게 산출되며 마그마수에서 특징적인 붕소 함유 광물인 듀모티어라이트와 전기석의 산출이 특징적이다. 이에 반해서 전남 열수변질지역은 천수와 열수의 혼합용액이 열수의 주 기원으로 천수가 중요한 역할을 하였으며, 저온성 광물인 카오린, 명반석 등이 우세하게 산출된다. 또 다른 중요한 차이는 pH 와 같은 열수용액의 화학성 차이이다. 전남 열수변질지역의 명반석-카오런-석영 변질광물군은 저온의 강산성 열수용액으로서 "산-황산염형" 으로 특징되며 이에 반해 경상 열수변질지역의 견운모-석영 변질광물군은 "석영-견운모형" 에 해당되며 고온의 중성 내지 약산성 열수용액에 의한 변질특성을 나타낸다. 또한 두 지역은 열수변질대 모암인 화산암류의 지질구조 환경에서 차이를 찾아 볼 수 있다. 전남 열수변질지역은 산성암질 돔과 성인적으로 관련되나 경상 열수 변질지역은 칼데라와 관련된 특성을 보인다.

• 광물과산업
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• 제29권
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• pp.56-66
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• 2016

열수변질대가 폭넓게 분포하고 있는 우리나라에서 자연사면이나 인공사면에서 열수변질대 내에 산출되는 점토맥이 산사태 발생에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 점토맥이 존재하는 지반에 지표수가 침투되면 점토광물의 팽윤성 때문에 국지적으로 간극수압이 급격히 상승할 수 있다. 간극수압의 상승으로 세립의 점토광물이 침식될 수 있다. 침식된 점토광물은 수두가 큰 곳에서 작은 곳으로 유동하면서 동수경사가 작은 부분에서 유속이 느려져 퇴적된다. 점토광물이 퇴적된 곳에서 국지적인 간극수압의 증가로 인한 지하수의 유출이 사면파괴를 일으킬 수 있다. 이에 본고에서는 열수변질 점토맥과 산사태와 관련한 국내외 자료를 소개하고자 한다.