• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.4
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• pp.445-455
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• 2019

Since the days of yore, plate's flexural analysis and formulation were dependent on the assumed coordinate system. In uncovering the coordinates-independent flexural interpretation, in this study, the plate bending analysis has been interpreted in terms of the tensor's components of curvatures and bending moments, in accordance with the continuum mechanics. The paper herein presents the theoretical formulations and conceptual perspectives of the Hydrostatic Method of Analysis (HM) that combines the continuum mechanics with the elasticity theory; the graphical statics and analysis; the theory of thin isotropic and orthotropic plates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.6
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• pp.765-777
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• 2021

Recently, the plate bending analysis has been interpreted in terms of the tensor's components of curvatures and bending moments by presenting the conceptual perspectives of the Hydrostatic Method of Analysis (HM) and theoretical formulations that combine the continuum mechanics with the graphical statics analysis, the theory of thin orthotropic and isotropic plates, and the elasticity theory. In pursuance of uncovering a genuine formulation of the plate's flexural differential equations, that possess the general-covariance and coordinates-independency. This study had then, tackled various natural and structural problems in both solid and fluid branches of the continuum mechanics in a description of such theoretical and conceptual attainment in uncovering the dimensional independent diffeomorphism covariant partial differential laws.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.74 no.3
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• pp.425-434
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• 2020

The present paper is concerned at investigating the effect of hydrostatic initial stress, gravity and magnetic field in fiber-reinforced thermoelastic solid, with variable thermal conductivity. The formulation of the problem applied in the context of the three-phase-lag model, Green-Naghdi theory with energy dissipation, as well as coupled theory. The exact expressions of the considered variables by using state-space approaches are obtained. Comparisons are performed in the absence and presence of the magnetic field as well as gravity. Also, a comparison was made in the three theories in the absence and presence of variable thermal conductivity as well as hydrostatic initial stress. The study finds applications in composite engineering, geology, seismology, control system and acoustics, exploration of valuable materials beneath the earth's surface.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2010

Breathable waterproof PET fabrics were prepared by the UV coating of UV-curable polyurethaneacrylate(PUA) formulation mixed with polyethyleneglycol(PEG) as a water soluble pore former. The dispersed PEG in the UV-cured coating was extracted by warm water, which can generate individual circular pores uniformly distributed all over the coating instead of pore channels. Accordingly the moisture permeability of the microporously coated fabrics increased substantially with increasing PEG addition without significant reduction of hydrostatic pressure. Also the silicone diacrylate addition in the formulation was beneficial in increasing the hydrostatic pressure. The UV-based microporous coating can be an alternative to conventional thermal curing of solventborne polyurethane coating owing to the enhanced environment friendliness and energy saving.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.590-597
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• 2000

A finite element formulation lot the simulation of axisymmetric sheet hydroforming is proposed, and an implicit program is coded. In order to describe normal anisotropy of steel sheet, Hill's non-quadratic yield function (Hill, 1979) is employed. Frictional contacts among sheet surface, rigid tool surface, and flexible hydrostatic pressure are considered using mesh normal vectors based on finite element of the sheet. Applied hydraulic pressure is also considered as a function of forming rate and time and treated as an external loading. The complete set of the governing relations comprising equilibrium and interfacial equations is approximately linearized for Newton-Raphson algorithm. In order to verify the validity of the developed finite element formulation, the axisymmetric bulge test is simulated. Simulation results are compared with other FEM results and experimental measurements and showed good agreements. In axisymmetric hydroforming processes of a disk cover, formability changes are observed according to the hydraulic pressure curve changes.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2011

In this study, the nondimensional load capacity of water hydrodynamic journal bearings is calculated. A generalized coordinate formulation is applied to handle the complexity of bearing geometry. A window-based analysis program is developed to analysis the cylindrical hydrostatic bearings. Load capacities are calculated according to some design parameters such as clearance, diameter of orifice, size of recesses and temperature. The results are presented and discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.123-124
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• 2002

A press shoe is an element of a machine for squeezing water from wood pulp in the field of manufacturing paper. This is used to compress the pulp enveloped by felt sheet with a large roller. The squeezing force is made by hydraulic pressure. The press shoe has a mechanism similar to a partial hydrostatic bearing. The pressure profile between press shoe and roller affects their squeezing ability, and partial peak pressure can tear the wet pulp. The curvature of the surface of press shoe varies to reduce the peak pressure and increase the mean pressure simultaneously. Therefore, the prediction of pressure distribution considering partially changed curvature of hydrostatic bearing is very important for designing the press shoe. In this study, the difference formulation of Reynolds' equation for partial hydrostatic bearing is by direct numerical method and a computer program to calculate the pressure distribution is developed. We investigate the effect of partially changed curvature of bearing surface on the pressure distribution. Other design parameter for hydrostatic bearing such as depth of pocket and relative velocity are also studied.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2002

A press shoe is an element of a machine for squeezing water from wood pulp in the field of manufacturing paper. This is used to compress the pulp enveloped by felt sheet with a large roller. The squeezing farce is made by hydraulic pressure. The press shoe has a mechanism similar to a partial hydrostatic bearing. The pressure profile between press shoe and roller affects their squeezing ability, and partial peak pressure can tear the wet pulp. The curvature of the surface of press shoe varies to reduce the peak pressure and increase the mean pressure simultaneously, Therefore, the prediction of pressure distribution considering partially changed curvature of hydrostatic bearing is very important far designing the press shoe. In this study, the difference formulation of Reynolds equation far partial hydrostatic bearing is derived by direct numerical method and a computer program to calculate the pressure distribution is developed. We investigate the effect of partially changed curvature of bearing surface on the pressure distribution. Other design parameter far hydrostatic bearing such as depth of pocket and relative velocity are also studied.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2013

A new finite element model for the hydrostatic extrusion of a biaxial bar is introduced. In this model, a penalty contact algorithm, which is adopted to replace the traction boundary conditions due to the fluid in the container of the extruder, is incorporated into a consistent penalty finite element formulation for the viscoplastic deformation of a work piece during hydrostatic extrusion. Two parameters, introduced in the penalty contact algorithm in this study, a critical penalty contact pressure $P_0$ and a critical penalty contact distance $D_c$, are carefully examined for various process conditions. The proposed finite element model is applied to the hydrostatic extrusion of a Cu-clad Al bar. The extrusion loads and thickness ratios of the clad materials by the proposed model are compared in detail to values from experiments reported in the literature. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed finite element model is useful in practical implementations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.753-760
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• 2010

In this paper, the lifting analysis of a floating crane with a shipbuilding block is performed. Since floating cranes are operated in ocean waves, six degree-of-freedom motions are considered in the dynamic equations of motions of the floating crane and the block. The boom of the floating crane is considered as an elastic body in the analysis, and is modeled as three dimensional beam based on the finite element formulation. The hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces by a regular wave are considered as external forces. By solving the equations of motions numerically, the dynamic responses of the floating crane and the block are simulated. The simulation results with different wave directions are compared and the conditions which cause maximum responses are discussed.