• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.699-709
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• 2011

The uses of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality models are increasing to support a sustainable management of large dam reservoirs in Korea. Any modeling study requires selection of a proper spatial dimension of the model based on the characteristics of spatial variability of concerned simulation variables. For example, a laterally averaged two-dimensional (2D) model, which has been widely used in many large dam reservoirs in Korea, assumes that the lateral variations of hydrodynamic and water quality variables are negligible. However, there has been limited studies to give a justification of the assumption. The objectives of this study were to present the characteristics of spatial variations of water quality variables through intensive field monitoring in Daechung Reservoir, and provide information on a proper spatial dimension for different water quality parameters. The monitoring results showed that the lateral variations of water temperature are marginal, but those of DO, pH, and conductivity could be significant depending on the hydrological conditions and local algal biomass. In particular, the phytoplankton (Chl-a) and nutrient concentrations showed a significant lateral variation at R2 (Daejeongri) during low flow periods in 2008 possibly because of slow lateral mixing of tributary inflow from So-oak Stream and wind driven patchiness.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2023

Drought is a natural disaster that can have serious social impacts. Drought's impact ranges from water supply for humans to ecosystems, but the impact of drought on river water quality requires careful investigation. In general, drought occurs meteorologically and is classified as agricultural drought, hydrological drought, and environmental drought. In this study, the BOD environmental drought is defined using the bivariate copula joint probability distribution model between the meteorological drought index and the river BOD, and based on this, the environmental drought condition index (EDCI-BOD) was proposed. The results of examining the proposed index using past precipitation and BOD observation data showed that EDCI-BOD expressed environmental drought well in terms of river BOD water quality. In addition, by classifying the calculated EDCI-BOD into four levels, namely, 'attention', 'caution', 'alert', and 'seriousness', a practical monitoring stage for environmental drought of BOD was constructed. We further estimated the sensitivity of the stream BOD to meteorological drought, and through this, we could identify the stream section in which the stream BOD responded relatively more sensitively to the occurrence of meteorological drought. The results of this study are expected to provide information necessary for river BOD management in the event of meteorological droughts.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2023

낙동강 하구둑은 담수와 해수가 만나는 감조하천 환경으로 하구둑에서 방류하는 지표수 유출량과 연안 해저 지하수 유출량에 대한 모니터링이 체계적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 하구둑 상류 지역에 위치한 수위자료와 물수지분석을 통하여 변화 저수량과 방류량을 계산하였다. 해저를 통한 육상에서의 지하수 유출도 원격탐사 기반 지형자료와 수문 모델링 자료를 근거로 산출하여 낙동강 하구둑 유출량과 비교 분석하였다. 제안된 방법은 현장 측정 이외의 원격탐사 기반 고도계 자료를 활용하여 수자원 관리에 효율적으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 담수 지표수 유출량 뿐만 아니라 해저 지하수 유출이 연안에 미치는 영향이 크기 때문에, 낙동강 하구둑 생태계 모니터링에서 담수와 해수의 상호 관계에 대한 연구도 충분히 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2021

Due to recent climate change, continuous soil loss is occurring in the mountainous watershed. The development of geographic information systems allows the spatial simulation of soil loss through hydrological models, but more researches applied to the mountain watershed areas in Korea are needed. In this study, prior to simulating the soil loss characteristics of the mountainous watershed, the field monitoring and the SWAT and GeoWEPP models were used to simulate and analyze the rainfall and runoff characteristics in the mountainous watershed area of Jirisan National Park. As a result of monitoring, runoff showed a characteristic of a rapid response as rainfall increased and decreased. In the simulation runoff results of calibrated SWAT models, R², RMSE and NSE was 0.95, 0.03, and 0.95, respectively. The runoff simulation results of the GeoWEPP model were evaluated as 0.89, 0.30, and 0.83 for R², RMSE, and NSE, respectively. These results, therefore, imply that the runoff simulated through SWAT and GeoWEPP models can be used to simulate soil loss. However, the results of the two models differ from the parameters and base flow of actual main channel, and further consideration is required to increase the model's accuracy.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2007

A mathematical modeling program called Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was applied to Hwaseong watershed. It was run under BASINS (Better Assessment Science for Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources) program, and the model was validated using monitoring data of $2002{\sim}2005$. The model efficiency of runoff ranged from good to fair in comparison between simulated and observed data, while it was from very good to poor in the water quality parameters. But its reliability and performance were within the expectation considering complexity of the watershed and pollutant sources. The nonpoint source (NPS) loading for T-N and T-P during the monsoon rainy season (June to September) was about 80% of total NPS loading, and runoff volume was also in a similar range. However, NPS loading for BOD ($55{\sim}60%$) didn't depend on rainfall because BOD was mostly discharged from point source (more than 70%). And water quality was not necessarily high during the rainy season, and showed a decreasing trend with increasing water flow. BASINS/HSPF was applied to the Hwaseong watershed successfully without difficulty, and it was found that the model could be used conveniently to assess watershed characteristics and to estimate pollutant loading including point and nonpoint sources in watershed scale.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2016

To properly manage and remediate groundwater contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene (TCE), it is necessary to assess natural attenuation processes of contaminants in the aquifer along with investigation of contamination history and aquifer characterization. This study evaluated natural attenuation processes of TCE at an industrial site in Korea by delineating hydrogeochemical characteristics along the flow path of contaminated groundwater, by calculating reaction rate constants for TCE and its degradation products, and by using geochemical and reactive transport modeling. The monitoring data showed that TCE tended to be transformed to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE) and further to vinyl chloride (VC) via microbial reductive dechlorination, although the degree was not too significant. According to our modeling results, the temporal and spatial distribution of the TCE plume suggested the dominant role of biodegradation in attenuation processes. This study can provide a useful method for assessing natural attenuation processes in the aquifer contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons and can be applied to other sites with similar hydrological, microbiological, and geochemical settings.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2012

Soil moisture plays a pivotal role in hydrological processes, especially in the forest which covers more than 64% of the national land. Soil moisture was monitored to analyze soil moisture change characteristics in terms of time and soil layers in this study. 2 Years soil moisture change data was obtained from the experimental nut pine forest and statistical analysis including auto-correlation and cross-corelation among soil moisture data from different soil layers was conducted. Using the monitored soil moisture data, a relationship between soil moisture change and precipitation was analyzed and seasonal soil moisture change characteristics were analyzed. From the result of inter-relationships among soil layers in terms of season and time lag, soil moisture change characteristics in the nut pine forest were upper soil layers were much sensitive than lowers, and seasonal variation if soil moisture for upper soil layers were bigger than lowers showing low correlation with precipitation in winter and spring due to freezing and snowfalls.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1848-1852
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 판교신도시 개발에 따른 도시화에 의한 수문 수질 영향을 평가하기 위한 목적으로 2004년 8월부터 운중천과 금토천 유역에 대해 수문관측망을 구성하여 시험유역으로 운영하고 있다. 판교시험유역은 매송2교를 최종 출구점으로 하는 운중천 유역으로서 도시화 진행이 예상되는 운중천 본류 구간과 달리 비슷한 유역면적의 지류인 금토천 구간은 비교적 자연상태로 유지될 예정이기 때문에 향후 두 하천구간에서의 수문현상을 비교 분석하기에 적합한 장점을 가지고 있다. 현재 운중천 상류의 운중저수지 지점과 하류의 판교교 지점, 금토천 상류의 내동교 지점과 하류의 삼평교 지점, 그리고 두 하천이 합류되어 탄천과 합류하기전의 매송2교 지점에 4개의 하천수위관측소(판교교, 삼평교, 매송2교, 내동교), 3개의 우량관측소(매송, 내동, 운중), 그리고 운중지 저수위 및 용수로 수위관측소 등 총 8개 지점에 대하여 초음파 수위계 5개, 압력식 수위계 5개, 전도형 강우계 3개가 설치되어 운영중이다. 2005년도부터는 유량 측정과 동시에 유사량 및 수온, pH 등의 수질 항목들에 대해서도 정기적인 측정을 하고 있으며, 2007년 갈수시와 홍수시에 총 62회에 걸친 유량 측정을 통해 지점별 수위-유량 관계를 도출하고, $7{\sim}8$월 홍수시에는 시간별 시료도 수집하여 강우시의 실시간 유사량 및 수질 변화도 함께 검토하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.224-227
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• 2008

Land cover and its changes, affecting multiple aspects of the environmental system such as energy balance, biogeochemical cycles, hydrological cycles and the climate system, are regarded as critical elements in global change studies. Especially in arid and semiarid regions, the observation of ecosystem that is sensitive to climate change can improve an understanding of the relationships between climate and ecosystem dynamics. The purpose of this research is analyzing the ecosystem surrounding the Gobi desert in North Asia quantitatively as well as qualitatively more concretely. We used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) sensor during 1999${\sim}$2007. Ecosystem monitoring of this area is necessary because it is a hot spot in global environment change. This study will allow predicting areas, which are prone to the rapid environmental change. Eight classes were classified and compare with MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) global land cover. The time-series analysis was carried out for these 8 classes. Class-1 and -2 have least amplitude variation with low NDVI as barren areas, while other vegetated classes increase in May and decrease in October (maximum value occurs in July and August). Although the several classes have the similar features of NDVI time-series, we detected a slight difference of inter-annual variation among these classes.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-23
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• 2014

This study estimates unit for the nonpoint source(NPS), classified according to the existing Level-1(large scale) land cover map, by monitoring the measurement results from each Level-2(medium scale) land cover map, and verifies the applicability by comparison with previously calculated units using the Level-1 land cover map. The NPS pollutant loading for a basin is evaluated by applying the NPS pollutant unit to Dongcheon basin using the Level-2 land cover map. In addition, the BASINS/HSPF(Better Assessment Science Integrating point & Non-point Sources/Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) model is used to evaluate the reliability of the NPS pollutant loading computation by comparing the loading during precipitation in the Dongcheon basin. The NPS pollutant unit for the Level-2 land cover map is computed based on precipitation measured by the Sangju observatory in the Nakdong River basin. Finally, the feasibility of the NPS pollutant loading computation using a BASINS/HSPF model is evaluated by comparing and analyzing the NPS pollutant loading when estimated unit using the Level-2 land cover map and simulated using the BASINS/HSPF models.