• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.31 no.1 s.57
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• pp.85-93
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• 1995

In order to examine the effect of testosterone of the cell growth, using a primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell culture system, we observed the effect of 3 growth factors and testosterone supplementation on the growth of primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells in the serum-free medium. 1 nM of testosterone showed a potentiation of the effect on the growth of the proximal tubule cell in serum-free medium, but higher concentration (>10 nM) of testosterone indeed inhibited the growth. In the absence of hydrocortisone as a growth supplement in serum-free medium, testosterone caused to potentiate the growth of the cell. In the presence of hydrocortisone, testosterone also potentiated the grwoth of the proximal tubule cells. According to the Northern analysis, testosterone increased significantly the level of ${\beta}-actin$ mRNA in proximal tubular cells of rabbit kidney. Consequently we may suggest that growth stimulatory effect of testosterone on the primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell in serum-free and hormonally defined media ascribed to increase the synthesis of ${\beta}-actin$, which is an important protein consisting of cellular microfilament.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1991

The bilateral castration of male mice was operated under light ether anesthesia, and the sham operated mice were considered as the uncastrated. The treatments of mice with the following steroids were started one hour after operation. Hydrocortisone 50 mg/kg (HC), dehydroepiandrosterone 250 mg/kg (DHEA), ${\beta}-estradiol$ 5 mg/kg (E2), and testosterone 20mg/kg (TS) were subcutaneously injected into male ICR mice at noon for four days. Animals were sacrificed in the next-morning (at 10-12 A.M.) after the last injection. The intestinal putrescine(PT) content was lower and the liver and intestinal spermine(SM) contents were higher in castrated mice(CM), comparing with those of uncastrated mice (UCM). The intestinal PT content of UCM was markedly increased HC. But all brain polyamines of CM were significantly decreased by it. And HC also increased the spermidine(SD) content of kidney and liver and the intestinal PT content in CM. E2 induced the marked increase of liver PT content with the moderate increase of renal SD in UCM. And E2 significantly increased the brain and liver PT contents and the all renal polyamine contents in CM. Both of DHEA and TS induced the increase of renal PT content in UCM, and they also induced the marked increases of all renal polyamines of CM. In addition, TS increased the brain SM of CM. These results suggest that the steroidal regulation mechanism of brain, kidney, liver, and intestine seems to be different from one another, and the renal activity of polyamine synthesis can be markedly enhanced by sex steroids.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 1993

In order to examine the effect of ${\beta}-estradiol$ on the cell growth, using a primary rabbit kidney poximal tubule cell culture system. We investigated the effect of ${\beta}-estradiol$ on alpha 1 (IV) collagen and ${\beta}-actin$ mRNA levels from primary rabbit kidney cell cultures, and also the effects of 3 growth factors and ${\beta}-estradiol$ supplementation on the growth of primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells in the serum-free medium. 1 nM of ${\beta}-estradiol$ showed a sizable potentiation effect on the growth of the proximal tubule cell in serum-free medium, but higher concentration (> 10 nM) of estradiol indeed inhibited the growth. In the absence of hydrocortisone as a growth supplement in serum-free medium, ${\beta}-estradiol$ caused to potentiate the growth of the cell. In the presence of hydrocortisone, ${\beta}-estradiol$ also potentiated the growth of the proximal tubule cells. According to the Northern analysis, ${\beta}-estradiol$ increased the level of ${\beta}-actin$ mRNA, although mRNA level of the alpha I(IV) collagen was not changed significantly.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1967.11a
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• pp.101.3-101.3
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• 1967

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 1994

Steroid $\Delta^1$-dehydrogenase purified from hydrocortisone-induced cells of Arthrobacter simplex converted various 3-ketosteroids into their corresponding $\Delta^1$-dehydrogenated products. The transformation efficiencies depend upon the chemical structure of the steroids, especially length of the side chain at 17 position and hydroxyl groups at 11 and 17 positions. The Km values for androstenedione, the most favorable substrate examined, and hydrocortisone were 74 ${\mu}M$ and 294 ${\mu}M$, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme reaction were 35$^{\circ}C$ and pH 9, respectively, and the enzyme was relatively stable at the range from 20 to 35$^{\circ}C$ and from pH 5 to 10 after one hour of incubation. The enzyme activity was markedly inhibited in the presence of $Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{3+},\;Hg^{2+},\;Mo^{6+}$ ions, and somewhat inhibited by $Zn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$. $\alpha,\alpha'$-Dipyridyl that inhibits 9$\alpha$-hydroxylase and accumulates 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione from sterols revealed no inhibitory effect on this enzyme. EGTA showed inhibitory effect. $\beta$-Estradiol competitively inhibited the enzyme activity. Chemical modifications of the enzyme were attempted with several reagents. p-Hydroxymer-curibenzoate showed inhibition of the enzyme activity and protection of the substrate. This suggests that cysteine residue may be involved in the active site of the enzyme.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.433-441
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• 2000

Objective : To analyze the effects of Yukmijihwang-tang, Taeksa-tang, Silbi-um on mesangial cell proliferation, fibronectin synthesis and MHC-class II expression. Methods : Laboratory studies were performed with the method of surface enzyme immunoassays or flow cytometry after addition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) supernatants treated with medications using the cultured human mesangial cells. Results : 1. Silbi-um produces more suppressive effect than control group and hydrocortisone group on the mesangial cell proliferation. In Yukmijihwang-tang, Taeksa-tang and Silbi-um, mesangial cell proliferation significantly decreased than in hydrocortisone group 2. In the 'without fetal bovine serum' study, Yukmijihwang-tang take more suppressive effect than Control group on the fibronectin synthesis. In the 'with fetal bovine serum' study, Yukmijihwang-tang, Taeksa-tang, Silbi-um all have suppressive effect, but it hasn' t any statistical significance. 3. Yukmijihwang-tang, Taeksa-tang, Silbi-um all have a suppressive effect on the MHC-class II expression. Conclusions : Herb medicine generally show a suppressive effect on the suppression of the mesangial cell proliferation, fibronectin synthesis and MHC-class II expression.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.182-189
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• 2001

This study was performed to compare the effect of Ojeoksan which have extracted by varied extractor(press extractor : PE, pressless extractor : PLE, short acting extractor : SE) on model of blood stasis in rats, Except for the normal group, hydrocortisone acetate(HA;25mg/kg in ethanol. IM) to induce experimental blood stasis model for 1 weeks and each extract of Ojeaksan was administrated after 1hr following HA injection for 1week. We measured the hematocrit, the platelet count, the prothrombin time, levels of fibrinogen in rats' blood, The sample Ⅰ(Ojeoksan extracted by PE) group showed significant decrease of hematocrit. prothrombin time and significant increase of the platelet count, levels of fibrinogen in comparison with those of the control group, The sample Ⅱ(Ojeaksan) extracted by PLE) group showed significant decrease of hematocrit and significant increase of levels of fibrinogen in comparison with those of the control group. Administration of the sample Ⅲ(Ojeaksan extracted by SE) group showed significant decrease of hematocrit and significant increase of the platelet count, levels of fibrinogen in comparison with those of the control group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.790-794
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of treating the pain among newborn infants associated with a medical procedure with sucrose with regard to overall physiological and behavioral stability. Methods: 103 newborn infants were enrolled in this study. The control group (n=63) did not receive any treatment. The experimental group (n=40) received 2 mL of 24% sucrose solution two minutes before a routine heel stick. The pain was assessed by measurements of physiological changes [e.g. pulse rate, oxygen saturation, salivary cortisol (hydrocortisone)] and behavioral changes [e.g. crying time, and the neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) for neonates]. Results: There were no differences among the groups with respect to physiological changes associated with the pain from the procedure. However, there were significant group differences in behavioral changes to the pain. In the control group, the median crying time was 13 seconds, while in the experimental group, the median crying time was 3.5 seconds ($P$=.000). In the control group the median NIPS score was 4, while in the experimental group the median NIPS score was 2 ($P$=.000). Conclusions: These findings suggest that sucrose can be an effective method for the management of stress responses in infants with regard to behavior. However, this treatment had no significant physiological effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 1993

Steroid $\Delta^1$-dehydrogenase which introduces a double bond into the 1, 2 positions of steroid ring A was purified from Arthrobacter simplex, an excellent biotransformer of hydrocortisone into prednisolone. Hydrocortisone-induced cells were disrupted by vigorous agitation with glass beads, and a solubilized enzyme was obtained after centrifugation at 100, 000$\times$g for 90 minutes. The enzyme was purified 123-fold in three steps of chromatographic procedures with 13% yield. The last step of testosterone-agarose affinity column decisively contributed to the successful purification. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 98, 000 by SDS-PAGE and 100, 000 by gel filtration, indicating that this enzyme behaves as a monomer. The enzyme showed demands for artificial electron acceptor, and among the several reagents tested, phenazine methosulfate acted as the most effective electron acceptor. Subcellular distribution of this enzyme was studied by centrifugation experiment. Comparison of the enzyme activities in pelleted membrane and cytosol fractions suggests that the enzyme may be a weakly attached peripheral membrane protein in vivo. But considerable amounts of enzyme was solubilized without any additional treatments for membrane protein.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2002

Lactadherin (formerly known as BA46), a major glycoprotein of the human milk fat globule membrane, is abundant in human breast milk and breast carcinomas and may prevent symptomatic rotavirus infections. In this study, under the control of mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) promoter, the expression pattern of lactadherin (Ltd) in lactogenic hormone-dependent mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 were tested. pLNWLtd construct containing 2.4 kilobases of the WAP promoter and 1.5 kilobases of human lactadherin gene was stably transfered into HC11 cells using retroviral vector system. Integration and expression level of the transgene was estimated using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Prominent induction of Ltd gene under the WAS promoter was accomplished in the presence of insulin, hydrocortisone and prolactin, while induction with insulin alone resulted in lower expression. Our results demonstrate that the expression of the transgene is increased by synergistic effect of several lactogenic hormones, including insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin.