• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2002

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of combination chemotherapy using ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Materials and methods: Thirty-three patients with inoperable NSCLC(stage IIIb+IV) who had measurable diseases, and had not been treated with chemotherapeutic drugs, were enrolled in this study(from March 1995 to December 1996). The patients received ifosfamide($1500mg/m^2/day$, a full drop with Mesna on days 1-5), Cisplatin ($80mg/m^2/day$ infusion with a hydration on day 2), and Etoposide ($100mg/m^2/day$ infusion for 2 hours on days 1-3). The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. Results: Ten patients showed a partial responses (30.3%). The overall survival time of the responders was longer than that of the non-responders (median 55 vs 22 weeks, p=0.01). The toxicities of this treatment were tolerable. Grade 3 or 4 leukopenia was observed in 21%. There was 1 death related to febrile neutropenia. The non-hematologic toxicity was mild. The relative dose intensity given to the patients was 0.86 ifosfamide, 0.87 cisplatin, and 0.89 etoposide, showing an average dose intensity of 0.87. Conclusions: A combination regimen of ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide is effective and tolerable for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.283-296
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• 2012

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory skin disease and regarded as a prototype of T-cell mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Poly-${\gamma}$-glutamic acid (PGA) is a biodegradable polymer that is produced by Bacillus subtilis. This study was performed to assess the effects of PGA in a canine model of ACD. ACD was induced on the back of dogs induced by sensitization and repeated application by 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB). Topical treatment of PGA was applied once a day for 12 days and skin biophysical parameters including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, skin pH, skin thickness and erythema index, were measured every two days during experimental periods. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect. In skin biophysical parameters, TEWL, skin hydration, skin thickness and erythema index were significantly increased, with a maximum increase appeared on day 2 (p < 0.05). On the other hand, skin pH was significantly decreased, with a maximum decrease appeared on day 2 (p < 0.01). After the completion of PGA treatment, skin biophysical parameters were significantly reached those of baseline in a time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In histopathology, marked increases of epidermal thicknesses were induced after DNCB challenge with numerous inflammatory cell infiltrations and edematous changes, decreases of connective tissue occupied regions in dermis. In addition, marked increases of cytokine - tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$)-immunoreactivities in the dermis and of apoptotic markers - caspase-3 and PARP-immunoreactivities in the epidermis were observed in DNCB-PBS control as compared with intact control, respectively (p < 0.01). It means, the ACD and related apoptotic changes were induced by DNCB in the present study. However, these ACD induced by DNCB and related apoptosis in epidermis were significantly inhibited by treatment of PGA treated skin, the decreases of infiltrated inflammatory cells and related decreases of pro-inflammatory cytokine immunoreactivities were also observed (p < 0.01). Based on these findings, PGA may have anti-inflammatory and alleviatory effects in the allergic contact dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.607-612
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• 2021

This study investigated the seed and water absorption characteristics of red bean cultivars in Korea. The length and width of all seeds were 7.74-8.99 mm and 5.33-5.54 mm, respectively. The hilum lengths and widths were 3.21-4.01 mm and 0.58-0.73 mm, respectively. The weight of 100 seeds was 12.14-20.21 g, and the seed coat thickness of red beans ranged from 39.18-50.01 mm. During soaking for 30 h, red beans exhibited a lag phase in the initial soaking time, followed by a rapid absorption phase, and finally contained more than 130% moisture. When water absorption was applied to the sigmoid equation, the curve fitting exhibited a high R², and the kinetics of water absorption were 0.202-0.715 h^-1, which differed among varieties. Pearson's correlation of hilum width (r=0.7858^*) and seed thickness (r= -0.9954^***) exhibited strong correlations with water absorption, suggesting that these are important factors in red bean processing.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 2008

Quality control of the concrete pavement in the early stage of curing is very important because it has a conclusive effect on its life span. Therefore, examining and analyzing the initial behavior of concrete pavement must precede an alternative to control its initial behavior. There are largely two influential factors for the initial behavior of concrete pavement. One is the drying shrinkage, and the other is the heat generated by hydration and thermal change inside the pavement depending on the change in the atmospheric temperature. Thus, the coefficient of thermal expansion and drying shrinkage can be regarded as very important influential factors for the initial behavior of the concrete. It has been a general practice up until now to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion from completely cured concrete. This practice has an inherent limitation in that it does not give us the coefficient of thermal expansion at the initial stage of curing. Additionally, it has been difficult to obtain the measurement of drying shrinkage due to the time constraint. This research examined and analyzed the early drying shrinkage of the concrete and measurements of the thermal expansion coefficients to formulate a plan to control its initial behavior. Additionally, data values for the variables of influence were collected to develop a prediction model for the initial behavior of the concrete pavement and the verification of the proposed model. In this research, thermal expansion coefficients of the concrete in the initial stage of curing ranged between $8.9{\sim}10.8{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ Furthermore, the effects of the size and depth of the concrete on the drying shrinkage were analyzed and confirmed.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

This experimental study was intended to improve the compressive strength of multi-walled CNT reinforced cementitious composites with efficiency. The variables considered are the degree of sonication, the amount of surfactant, the replacement ratio of silica fume, etc. Optical microscope informed that fiber dispersion of CNT was improved with the increase of sonication time, and the compressive strength was proved to be enhanced as the degree of sonication increased. When superplasticizer as a surfactant had SP/CNT ratio of 4~6, the best improvement in strength was obtained. Silica fume was shown to produce the highest compressive strength at 10% replacement. Microstructure of CNT composites was also analyzed; XRD and SEM results indicated that CNT addition hardly changed hydration products and microstructure, and MIP analysis found the reduction of total porosity as well as the increase of nano-pores with the size of tens of nm instead of the decrease of pore distribution in the region of around 10 ${\mu}m$ and 100 nm. The results of microstructure analysis explains that the strength improvement is closely related to physical contribution rather than chemical influence by adding CNT.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.527-534
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• 2017

Accordingly, this study, in order to use powder of recycled aggregate from production of recycled aggregate as an activator of ground granulated blast furnace slag, the influence of added recycled aggregate powder on physical properties of concrete induced ground granulated blast furnace slag were analyzed by hydration stages. The results of the study are summarized as follows: Except for samples eluted powder of recycled aggregate 1%, all the samples were high alkali suspensions with higher than pH 12.0. In particular, when eluted time was 5 hours, the sample eluted powder of recycled aggregate 3% showed about 15 mg/l of calcium hydroxide that was not different from the amount of calcium hydroxide in the mixing water eluted powder of recycled aggregate 5%. Hence, from this results, it can be considered that optimal eluted powder of recycled aggregate was 3% in this study. When using mixing water eluted with powder of recycled aggregate, compared to use of ordinary mixing water, it showed greater compressive strength in the entire ages, and in the sample replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag by 50%, its compressive strength was greater than that of the OPC. As use of mixing water eluted with powder of recycled aggregate in concrete used with large amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag was more effective for improving compressive strength than ordinary mixing water, it is verified that powder of recycled aggregate had an effect of activator.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2009

The autogenous shrinkage of high-performance concrete, including very-early strength latex-modified concrete(VES-LMC), is generally bigger than that of normal strength concrete because of the low water/cement ratio, high binder contents, and usage of superplasticizer. Mix. proportion of VES-LMC has low water/cement ratio(0.38), high cement content(390kg/m$^3$), and aid of latex(15% of cement weight). Thus, these factors of VES-LMC, rapid water self-dissipation and evaporation within 3 hours of concrete placement would increase the autogenous shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early-age shrinkage, thermal deformation and autogenous shrinkages of VES-LMC with retarder contents(retarder solids-cement ratio, by weight) using to secure working time in field. The experimental results showed that retarder contents do not affect of the maximum hydration temperature. Early-age expansion of VES-LMC was mostly caused by thermal expansion and partly by autogenous expansion. The autogenous shrinkage is decreased by increasing the retarder contents within this study. On the other hand, the usage of retarder should be decided carefully considering the field conditions because an excessive usage of retarder can cause handful early-age expansion.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.541-550
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• 2011

Many researches have been performed on concrete with fly ash and bottom ash. However researches on concrete with pond ash (PA) and its application to RC (Reinforced Concrete) structure are limitedly carried out. This paper presents an applicability of PA concrete in construction of real size structure. Referring to the previous study, 2 domestic PA samples with normal performance are selected and 2 replacement ratios (25% and 50%) to fine aggregate are considered for 5 PA concrete structures consisting of column, slab, and wall. In order to evaluate the property of fresh concrete, several tests including air content, slump, and setting time are performed. Using cored out samples from hardened PA concrete structure, tests for strength, resistance to carbonation and chloride penetration are carried out and compared with control samples. Additionally, tests for rebound hardness, drying shrinkage, and hydration heat are performed for PA concrete structure. The test results showed that PA concrete has reasonable strength and durability performances compared to those of normal concrete. Therefore, its potential application to RC structure is promising. The PA aggregate can be more actively used for RC structures with better quality control for content of fly ash, bottom ash, and unburned carbon.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.860-868
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to ensure safety by measuring External radiation dose ratio (ERDR) by traits of patients in many ways after administering radiopharmaceutical($^{18}F$-FDG) for PET Torso scan, and to decrease ERDR of those to RI technologist, caretakers, and those who frequently exposed to radiation by arousing attention to radiation dose. Radiopharmaceutical was administered to 80 patients who conducted PET Torso from January to June, 2013. Radiation dose emitted from the patients was measured according to body shape(BMI), water hydration, height, amount of radiation administration. From the moment immediately after the radiopharmaceutical was administered, ERDR was measured by personal traits of patients. The radiation dose increased in proportion to the administered amount of the radiopharmaceutical, and there was no significant difference depending on the body shape of the patients. When water was supplied and the height was normal, the radiation dose was lower compared with the cases where water was not supplied and height was not normal. There is a need for making efforts to minimize the working time through sufficient education and mock training before those who RI technologist with sources of radiation for complying the radiation safety management rule. And they should minimize the ERDR by wearing a protective gear.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.19
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• pp.43-56
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• 2006

We checked the conditions and material properties after producing the lime finishing layers with a mortar mix of processed lime. In addition, we reproduced the lime finishing layers of the Koguryo Tomb Murals, colored the layers with a few different techniques and identified the characteristics for each painting technique. As a result of the experiment, we could infer the producing techniques as well as teaming the conditions and properties of the lime finishing layers of the Koguryo tomb murals, and examined the maintenance of the lime finishing layers. Of those samples produced under various conditions, the layers of slaked lime, which were obtained after being hydrated underground for a long time, showed quite a good condition. Thus the slaked lime mixes produced through particular hydration methods are judged to increase the maintenance of the lime finishing layers of the Koguryo Tomb Murals. Mostly, the paints of Koguryo Tomb Murals indicated that they have similar conditions with the samples produced with a secco method. In addition, Considering the compositional forms of the painting layers and the boundary layers which formed between the painting layers and the finishing layers, we can verify that, in some cases, the conditions of the painting layers of the Koguryo tomb murals are similar to those which were produced with a combination of fresco and secco.