• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.3939-3940
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• 2012

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 지구화학모델 프로그램인 GEM-PSI를 이용하여 방해석과 석고의 첨가에 의한 시멘트 수화생성물에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 방해석과 석고는 시멘트 수화과정의 주요 생성광물인 C-S-H 및 포틀란다이트(portlandite)의 생성에 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 예측되었다. 하지만 방해석을 시멘트 구성성분의 최대 5%까지 첨가하는 경우 시멘트 수화생성물인 칼슘 모노카보네이트(monocarbonate) 광물의 생성을 촉진시키는 것으로 본 모델링 결과는 예측하였다. 하지만 칼슘의 첨가가 시멘트 수화과정의 생성물인 AFm 광물 및 헤미카보네이트(hemicarbonate) 광물의 생성은 억제하는 것으로 예측되었다. 석고를 시멘트 구성성분의 최대 5%까지 첨가하는 경우 시멘트 수화과정에 의하여 에트린자이트 광물의 생성이 촉진되는 것으로 모델링 결과가 예측하였다. 방해석과 석고 첨가에 의한 시멘트 수화생성물의 공극률은 방해석 및 석고의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 일반적으로 감소하는 것으로 계산되었다. 하지만 방해석을 첨가하는 경우 첨가량이 시멘트 구성성분의 3% 미만일 때 수화생성물의 공극률이 같은 양의 석고를 첨가했을 경우보다 낮게 예측되었다. 반면에 방해석이 3% 보다 많은 양이 첨가될 경우 같은 양의 석고를 첨가시킨 경우보다 시멘트 수화생성물의 공극률이 높을 것으로 예측된다. 이러한 현상은 첨가된 방해석이 적정량을 넘게 되면 모든 방해석이 시멘트 수화과정에 의하여 소모되지 않고 다시 시멘트 수화생성물로 나타남으로써 시멘트 수화과정에 따른 다른 광물로의 변이가 제한됨을 알 수 있다. 반면에 석고가 첨가된 경우 시멘트 수화과정에 의하여 석고가 계속적으로 소모되어 다른 시멘트 수화생성물 특히 에트린자이트로 변환된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2006

Density functional theory calculations are applied to investigate the intramolecular proton transfer in the tautomers of thymine radical cation and its hydrated complexes with one water molecule. The optimized structures and energies for 6 tautomers and 6 transition states of thymine radical cation are calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. It is predicted that the order of relative stability for the keto and enol tautomers of thymine radical cation is the same with that of the neutral thymine tautomers, though the enol tautomers are more stabilized with respect to the di-keto form in the radical cation than in the neutral state. A new channel of proton transfer from >C5-$CH_{3}$ of thymine is found to open and have the lowest energy barrier of other proton transfer processes in thymine radical cation. The roles of hydration are also investigated with thymine-water 1 : 1 complex ions. The presence of water significantly lowers the barrier of the proton transfer, which clearly shows the assisting role of hydration even with one water molecule

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1981

The effects of cation on tRNA have been theoretically investigated using the semiempirical potential energy functions. The binding of $Mg^{2+}$ to the model compound and the hydration scheme of the anticodon loop have been determined, and their stabilization energies produced by the introduction of magnesium pentahydrate and water molecules in the first hydration shell were calculated. The results indicate that magnesium pentahydrate is important for decreasing the flexibility of the anticodon loop and satisfying the large Y37 stereochemically during the protein synthesis. The effects of $Mg^{2+}$ on the hydration scheme were also investigated.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2010

This study was performed to analyze the relationship among sebum hydration content of the skin and nutritional intake, serum antioxidant minerals and antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxide concentration in 50 female subjects in their 20s. The skin type was divided into Dry Skin, Mixed Skin, and Oily Skin, and the dry skin group was 14%, the mixed skin group was 56%, and the oily skin group was 30% of all subjects. The average age of the subjects was $20.54{\pm}1.43$ years and BMI was 20.66. The average sebum content in each group was in the order of T-zone>forehead>chin>cheek. In case of the T-zone, a significant difference between the dry skin group and the oily skin group was observed, suggesting that the area is most sensitive to sebum content by skin type. Significant differences were not observed in energy and nutrient intakes by skin type. Serum concentrations of antioxidant minerals such as copper, manganese, zinc and selenium were not significantly different among the groups, but the dry skin group tended to be higher than the oily skin group. Serum catalase was significantly higher in the oily skin group (P < 0.05), and MDA was significantly higher in the mixed skin group (P < 0.05). The hydration of the cheek and serum zinc showed a negative correlation, and the sebum content of the cheek and GPx showed a significant negative correlation. The hydration of the forehead and serum copper showed a significant negative correlation, and the hydration of the forehead and GPx showed a significant positive correlation. The hydration of the chin and serum SOD showed a significant positive correlation. With these results, it is considered that the basic condition of nutritional status can affect the skin health.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2018

OPC production requires high calorific value and emits a large amount of $CO_2$ through decarbonation of limestone, accounting for about 7% of $CO_2$ emissions. To reduce $CO_2$ emissions during the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production process, there is a method of reducing the consumption of cement or lower temperature calcination for OPC product. In this study, for energy consumption reduction, we prepared Hauyne-belite cement by calcination at a low temperature compared to that used for OPC and studied the early hydration properties of the synthesized Hauyne-belite cement. We set the ratios of Hauyne and belite to 8 : 2, 5 : 5 and 3 : 7. For the hydration properties of the synthesized Hauyne-belite cement, we tested heat of hydration of paste and the compressive strength of mortar, using XRD and SEM for analysis of hydrates. As for our results, the temperature for optimum synthesis of Hauyne-belite is $1,250^{\circ}C$. Compressive strength of synthesized Hauyne-belite cement is lower than that of OPC, but it is confirmed that compressive strength of synthesized Hauyne-belite cement with mixing in of some other materials can be similar to that of OPC.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.110-113
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• 1986

탈지가 아끼바데(일반계)쌀과 밀양30호(다수계) 쌀의 수화속도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 탈지에 의한 전분의 상대적 결정도는 아끼바레 및 밀양30호가 각각 92.7% 및 85.7%로 감소하였다. 쌀알의 길이는 탈지에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았으나 폭은 감소하였다. 쌀을 $10^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}C$에서 80분간 물에 침지시킨 후의 수분증가량은 탈지 시료쌀이 높았다. 쌀의 수화 속도는 탈지에 의하여 증가하였으며, 두품종 모두 침지온도$(10^{\circ}C{\sim}40^{\circ}C )$에 상관없이 거의 일정한 증가폭을 보였다. 쌀의 수화의 활성화에너지는 탈지에 의하여 영향을 받지 많았다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2015

In this article, the influence of a hydrolyzed wheat protein retarder on the hydration process, ion concentration in liquid phase, degree of supersaturation, and crystal morphology of plaster was investigated. Furthermore, the retarding mechanism and the strength loss of gypsum were also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the use of the hydrolyzed wheat protein retarder for plaster achieved a better retarding effect and lower strength loss. The combination of gypsum plaster with the retarder not only decreased the plaster's early hydration rate and prolonged its setting time efficiently, but also militated against the crystal morphology of dihydrate gypsum. For example, the crystal dimensions changed little, but the proportion of needle-shaped crystals decreased. Combination with calcium ions on the surface of dihydrate gypsum crystal nuclei may form a chemisorbed layer, reduce the surface energy of the crystal nuclei, and inhibit the growth of the crystal nuclei of dihydrate gypsum. Consequently, the hydration process of building gypsum becomes greatly extended and is slowed down significantly.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2002년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.628-631
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• 2002

$Al_2O_3$ capping layer and MgO protective layer were deposited by electron beam evaporation method using single crystal source. Thickness of the capping layer, $Al_2O_3$, was varied from 5 nm to 10 nm. Surface morphology was observed by SEM and AFM before and after hydration. And microstructure of deposited $Al_2O_3$ layer and chemical shift of electron binding energy were also observed by high resolution TEM and XPS, respectively, after hydration. From these results, it was found that Mg atoms diffused into $Al_2O_3$ layer, reacted with moisture and formed $Mg(OH)_2$ during hydration. As thickness of $Al_2O_3$ increased, extent of hydration increased. $Al_2O_3$ capped MgO thin films and uncapped MgO thin films were deposited on AC-PDP test panel to characterize discharge properties. Although $Al_2O_3$ has poor discharge properties rather than MgO, because of many hydrated species on the surface of MgO, similar discharge properties were observed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.286-292
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• 1995

Proximate composition, dimension, water uptake and volume increase rates of three cultivars of Korean kidney beans, Pink(PKB), Red(RKB) and White(WKB) were compared. Significant differences in the proximate composition and calorie were not observed among samples. Hull removed samples showed the lowest ash content and the highest calorie. The rates of water uptake increased as the soaking temperature increased from 10~4$0^{\circ}C$. The moisture gain of the kidney beans during soaking showed a similar pattern to volume increase. Water uptake and volume increase rates were in the decreasing order of PKB, RKB and WKB. Moisture and volume gains held a linear relation with the square root of soaking time regardless soaking temperatures. The activation energies of water uptake and volume increase were 3033~3087 and 3077~ 3161 kcal/mole, respectively. The log time to reach a fixed moisture content showed a linear relation with soaking temperature regardless soaking temperatures. The z-values calculated from weight and volume changes decreased in proportions to the increase of hydration. The z-values of weight and volume to reach 50% hydration were 50.5~56.6$^{\circ}C$ and 48.4~61.2$^{\circ}C$, respectively.