• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.609-614
• /
• 2005

Gas hydrates are ice-l ike sol id compounds that are composed of water and natural gas. All common gas hydrates belong to the three crystal structures that are composed of five polyhedral cavities formed by hydrogen bonded water molecules and stable in specific high pressure and low temperature conditions. Gas hydrates contain large amounts of organic carbon and widely occur in deep oceans and permafrost regions, and they may therefore represent a potential energy resource in the future. United States and Japan perform the national R&D programs for the commercial production of gas hydrates in 2010's. The study on gas hydrates are also important for exploration and development of natural gas in the regions where gas hydrates are accumulated and could be formed. Although their global abundance is debated, they play an important role in global climate change since methane is a 50 times more effect ive greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Natural gas hydrates also form a possible natural hazard if rapidly dissociated and can cause slides and slumps and in the marine environment associated tsunamis.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.387-390
• /
• 2006

We report here that under strong attacksof external $CH_4$ guest molecules the sII and sH methane hydrates are structurally transformed to the crystalline me framework of sI, leading to favorable change of the lattice dimension of the host-guest networks. The High Power Decoupling $^{13}C$ NMR and Raman spectroscopies were used to identify structure transitions of the mixed $CH_4+C_2H_6$ hydrates (sIIl) and hydrocarbons (methylcyclohexane, isopentane) + $CH_4$ hydrates (sH). The resulting spectra indicate that most of the synthesized sII and sH hydrates were transformed to methane hydrate of sl under 110 bar and particularly the coexistence of sl with sII or sH appear according to the surrounding methane-rich gas conditions. The present findings might be expected to Provide rational evidences regarding the preponderant occurrence of naturally-occurring sI methane hydrates in marine sediments.

• 한국자원공학회지
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.670-687
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 미래 에너지로서 가스 하이드레이트를 이해하기 위해, 가스 하이드레이트의 구조, 물리/화학적 특성, 생성 기원과 세계 분포, 매장량과 생산기법, 하이드레이트의 지구환경적 영향에 대해 논의하였다. 하이드레이트의 구조에 대한 명확한 이해는 자연계에 매장된 하이드레이트의 특성 분석, 분포와 매장량 산출에 필수적일 것으로 판단된다. 안정적인 에너지 회수를 위해 고려해야 할 하이드레이트의 물리/화학적 특성으로는 하이드레이트의 상평형, 해리 엔탈피, 열전도도, 비열, 열확산도, 유체투과율 등이 있다. 하이드레이트의 물리/화학적 특성을 고려하여 개발된 생산기법으로는 감압법, 열자극법, 억제제 주입법, 맞교환기법이 있으며, 감압법이 현재까지 해상 및 육상 하이드레이트에 대해 모두 시험생산에 적용된 유일한 기법이다. 또한, 하이드레이트의 해리에 따른 온실가스 배출에 의한 지구환경적 영향의 가능성에 대해서도 고찰하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제61권3호
• /
• pp.394-400
• /
• 2023

이 연구에서는 메탄 가스(CH₄)와 함께 사이클로프로필아민(cyclopropylamine, CPrA)과 사이클로펜틸아민(cyclopentylamine, CPeA)을 이용한 하이드레이트의 튜닝효과, 가스 저장량, 그리고 하이드레이트의 열팽창 거동에 대해 논의하였다. 메탄 가스의 저장량을 극대화시킬 수 있도록 하이드레이트 튜닝 효과를 하이드레이트에 투입된 객체 분자의 농도를 달리 함에 따라 알아보았다. (CPrA+CH₄) 하이드레이트의 경우, 0.5 mol% 정도의 농도에서 최대 튜닝효과가 발생하였으며, (CPeA+CH₄) 하이드레이트는 기존 연구와 유사한 1.0 mol% 정도의 농도에서 최대 튜닝 효과가 발생하였다. (CPrA + CH₄), (CPeA + CH₄) 하이드레이트 모두 구조 II 하이드레이트를 형성한다고 알려진(테트라하이드로퓨란 + CH₄), (사이클로펜탄 + CH₄) 하이드레이트보다 더 많은 가스량을 저장하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 100, 150, 200, 250 K의 조건에서(CPrA + CH₄), (CPeA + CH₄) 하이드레이트의 분말 X-선 회절 분석을 통해 각 온도별 격자 크기를 알아내고 그 차이를 분석하여 열팽창 거동을 분석하였다. 이에 따라, 객체 분자의 크기 차이로 인해(CPeA + CH₄) 하이드레이트의 격자 상수가 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2005

Ferrous cement hydrates made from hydrating Portland cement doped with Fe (II) were reported to reductively dechlorinate chlorinated organics and to reduce Cr (VI) to Cr (III). In this study, kinetics of nitrate removal by ferrous cement hydrates were investigated. Nitrate removal kinetics were characterized by experimental variables such as cement hydration, amount of cement addition, Fe (II) dose, pH, and byproducts. As a result, hydrated cement showed better performances than non-hydrated cement due to the formation of LDH (layered double hydroxide). Doping of Fe (II) into the cement was found to improve removal efficiency at high pHs by association with Fe (II) sorbed on cement hydrates as a reactive reductant. Reduction of nitrate produced ammonium as a major product, which accounted for 63.5% of the final products, and nitrite (0.15%) as a minor product. These results indicate that the developed media are effective as sorbent/reducing agents in the nitrate removal and the reaction mechanisms of nitrate removal are sorption and reduction.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2003

Natural gas hydrates typically contain 85 wt.% water and 15 wt.% natural gas, and commonly belongs to cubic structure I and II. When referred to standard conditions, 1㎥ solid hydrates contain up to 172N㎥ of methane gas, depending on the pressure and temperature of production. Such large volumes make natural gas hydrates can be used to store and transport natural gas. So, the tests were performed on the formation of natural gas hydrate is governed by the pressure, temperature, gas composition etc. The results show that the formation pressure of structure II is lower about 65% and the solubility is higher about 3 times than that of structure I.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 2000

Gas hydrates are solid solutions when water molecules are linked through hydrogen bondin create host lattice cavities that can enclose a large variety of guest gas molecules. The natural hydrate crystal may exist at low temperature above the normal freezing point of water and pressure greater than about 30 bars. A lot of quantities of natural gas hydrates exists in the ear many production schemes are being studied. In the present investigation, depressurization method considered to predict the production of gas and the simulation of the two phase flow - gas and - in porous media is being carried out. The simulation show about the fluid flow in porous have a variety of applications in industry. Results provide the appearance of gas and water prod the pressure profile, the saturation of gas/ water/ hydrates profiles and the location of the pl front.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.695-707
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the chloride binding isotherms of various cement types, especially the contributions of C-S-H and AFm hydrates to the chloride binding isotherms were determined. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Modified cement (MC), Rapid-hardening Portland cement (RHC) and Low-heat Portland cement (LHC) were used. The total chloride contents and free chloride contents were analyzed by ASTM. The contents of C-S-H, AFm hydrates and Friedel's salt were determined by X-ray diffraction Rietveld (XRD Rietveld) analysis. The results showed that OPC had the highest chloride binding capacity, and, LHC had the lowest binding capacity of chloride ions. MC and RHC had very similar capacities to bind chloride ions. Experimental equations which distinguish the chemically bound chloride and physically bound chloride were formulated to determine amounts of the bound chloride basing on chloride binding capacity of hydrates.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.353-357
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 THF + 3-OH THF + $CH_4$ + $H_2O$ 시스템에서의 크러스레이트 하이드레이트의 형성 과정과 이에 따른 상 거동을 열역학 및 분광학적 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 정적 반응기에서의 온도 변화에 따라 THF와 3-OH THF를 포함하는 유기 분자들의 큰 동공 내 점유에 의해 크러스레이트 하이드레이트가 형성 및 해리되는 현상을 압력 변화를 관찰함으로써 확인하였다. 또한, 이들 유기 분자의 상대 조성에 따라 크러스레이트 하이드레이트가 안정적으로 존재할 수 있는 상평형 영역이 순수 메탄 하이드레이트 대비 보다 낮은 압력 및 높은 온도 조건으로 이동될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 엑스선 회절 분광 분석을 통해 이들 조성에서의 크러스레이트 하이드레이트는 구조-II를 형성 하는 것을 확인하였으며, 라만 분광 분석을 통해 구조-II의 큰 동공과 작은 동공에 각각 메탄이 점유되어 있음을 또한 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2989-2994
• /
• 2007

Gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline compounds that form under low temperature and elevated pressure conditions. Although hydrate formation can pose serious flow-assurance problems in the gas pipelines or facilities, gas hydrates present a novel means for natural gas storage and transportation with potential applications in a wide variety of areas. An important property of hydrates that makes them attractive for use in gas storage and transportation is their very high gas-to-solid ratio. In addition to the high gas content, gas hydrates are remarkably stable. The main barrier to development of gas hydrate technology is the lack of an effective method to mass produce gas hydrate in solid form. The first objective of this study is investigating the characteristics of gas hydrate formation related to several factors such as pressure, temperature, water-to-storage volume ratio, concentration of SDS, heat transfer and whether stirred or not respectively. And the second objective is clarifying the relation between the formation efficiency and each factor in order to find the proper way or direction to improve the formation performance.