• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2011

In semiconductor wafer fabrication, etching is one of the most critical processes, by which a material layer is selectively removed. Because of difficulty to correct a mistake caused by over etching, it is critical that etch should be performed correctly. This paper proposes a new approach for etch endpoint detection of small open area wafers. The traditional endpoint detection technique uses a few manually selected wavelengths, which are adequate for large open areas. As the integrated circuit devices continue to shrink in geometry and increase in device density, detecting the endpoint for small open areas presents a serious challenge to process engineers. In this work, a high-resolution optical emission spectroscopy (OES) sensor is used to provide the necessary sensitivity for detecting subtle endpoint signal. Partial Least Squares (PLS) method is used to analyze the OES data which reduces dimension of the data and increases gap between classes. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed to detect endpoint using the data after PLS. SVM classifies normal etching state and after endpoint state. Two data sets from OES are used in training PLS and SVM. The other data sets are used to test the performance of the model. The results show that the trained PLS and SVM hybrid algorithm model detects endpoint accurately.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(1)
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• pp.30-31
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• 2005

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2013

Recent increasing demand on the indoor localization requires more advanced and hybrid technology. This paper proposes an application of the hybrid indoor localization method based on a position-coded pattern that can be used with other existing indoor localization techniques such as vision, beacon, or landmark technique. To reduce the pattern-recognition error rate, the error detection and correction algorithm was applied based on Hamming code. The indoor localization experiments based on the proposed algorithm were performed by using a QCIF-grade CMOS sensor and a position-coded pattern with an area of $1.7{\times}1.7mm^2$. The experiments have shown that the position recognition error ratio was less than 0.9 % with 0.4 mm localization accuracy. The results suggest that the proposed method could be feasibly applied for the localization of the indoor mobile service robots.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2011

This paper studies how to combine devices such as monocular/stereo cameras, motors for panning/tilting, fisheye lens and convex mirrors, in order to solve vision-based robotic problems. To overcome the well-known trade-offs between optical properties, we present two mixed versions of the new systems. The first system is the robot photographer with a conventional pan/tilt perspective camera and fisheye lens. The second system is the omnidirectional detector for a complete 360-degree field-of-view surveillance system. We build an original device that combines a stereo-catadioptric camera and a pan/tilt stereo-perspective camera, and also apply it in the real environment. Compared to the previous systems, we show benefits of two proposed systems in aspects of maintaining both high-speed and high resolution with collaborative moving cameras and having enormous search space with hybrid configuration. The experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the mixing collaborative and hybrid systems.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

Symmetry is everywhere in the world around us from galaxy to microbes. From ancient times symmetry is considered to be a reflection of the harmony of universe. Symmetry is not only a significant clue for human cognitive process, but also useful information for computer vision such as image understanding system. Application areas include face detection and recognition, indexing of image database, image segmentation and detection, analysis of medical images, and so on. The technique used in this paper extracts edges, and the perpendicular bisector of any two edge points is considered to be a candidate axis of symmetry. The coefficients of candidate axis are accumulated in the coefficient space. Then the axis of symmetry is determined to be the line for which the coefficient histogram has maximum value. In this paper, an improved method is proposed that utilizes the directional information of edges, which is a byproduct of the edge detection process. Experiment on 20 test images shows that the proposed method performs 22.7 times faster than the original method. In another test on 5 images with 4% salt-and-pepper noise, the proposed method detects the symmetry successfully, while the original method fails. This result reveals that the proposed method enhances the speed and accuracy of detection process at the same time.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1982

본 논물에서는 HCDM(hybrid companding delta modulation)을 사용하여 음성을 부호화할 때, 음성의 간헐성을 이용하여 전송속도를 줄이거나 잡음에 대한 신호비(SQNR)을 증가시키는 연구를 하였다. 음성부분과 묵음(silence)부분을 식별하는 판별기를 이용하여 음성의 묵음부분을 검출하며, 이때 음성부분에 대해서는 HCDM 부호화를 행한다. 음성을 5msec 간격으로 검사하여, 그때 검출되는 묵음부분에 대해서는 그 구간이 묵음이라는 정도만을 전송하며, 수신단에서는 이 정보를 이용하여 묵음부불을 재생한다. 그런데 HCDM 부호기는 2진 신호를 일정한 속도로 또 동기적으로 전송하기 때문에, 버퍼 (buffer)를 사용해야 하며 또한 그것을 효율적으로 제어해야 한다. 음성을 부호화할 때, 묵음검출 기능을 이용하는 HCDM 부호기를 사용하면, 재래의 HCDM 보다 잡음에 대한 신호비를 6dB 만큼 증가시킬 수 있거나, 전송속도를 1/3가량 줄일 수 있다.In this paper we exploit the use of the intermittent property of speech to reduce the transmission rate or to increase signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) in coding speech by hybrid companding data modulation (HCDM). In this scheme we detect silence in speech by a speech/silence discriminator. HCDM coding is done only for speech portion. For silence that is detected in evert block of 5 ms, only the information indicating that the Since the HCDM coder transmits bina교 signal synchronously at a fixed rate, the use of a buffer and its efficient control is essential. By using the HCDM with silence detection in coding speech, we could improve SONR by as much as 6 dB over the conventional HCDM or reduce the transmission rate by one third of the HCDM rate.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1899-1909
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• 2015

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness which is caused by increase of fluid pressure in the eye which damages the optic nerve and eventually causing vision loss. An automated technique to diagnose glaucoma disease can reduce the physicians’ effort in screening of Glaucoma in a person through the fundal retinal images. In this paper, optimal hyper analytic wavelet transform for Glaucoma detection technique from fundal retinal images is proposed. The optimal coefficients for transformation process are found out using the hybrid GSO-Cuckoo search algorithm. This technique consists of pre-processing module, optimal transformation module, feature extraction module and classification module. The implementation is carried out with MATLAB and the evaluation metrics employed are accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Comparative analysis is carried out by comparing the hybrid GSO with the conventional GSO. The results reported in our paper show that the proposed technique has performed well and has achieved good evaluation metric values. Two 10- fold cross validated test runs are performed, yielding an average fitness of 91.13% and 96.2% accuracy with CGD-BPN (Conjugate Gradient Descent- Back Propagation Network) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) respectively. The techniques also gives high sensitivity and specificity values. The attained high evaluation metric values show the efficiency of detecting Glaucoma by the proposed technique.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 통합플랫폼관리체제하에서 선박에서 발생하는 화재를 탐지하기 위하여 규칙 및 사례기반의 하이브리드 화재진압통제 지능시스템(H-FFIS)을 제안한다·기존의 화재진압통제 지능시스템은 대부분 규칙기반 시스템인데, 실제로 화재를 탐지하는데 필요한 지식은 정형화된 규칙만으로 표현하기 어려우며, 과거의 화재 발생 사례를 기초로 탐지하는 경우가 적지 않다. 또한 시스템의 성능 향상을 위해서 규칙을 계속 수정하고 추가해야 하는 단점이 있으며, 예외적인 상황에서 화재 가 발생시 적시에 화재를 탐지하는데 문제점을 지니고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 개선하기 위하여 규칙 및 사례 기반의 하이브리드 지능시스템을 설계하고 구현한다. 제안하는 시스템은 기존의 FFIS 와 비교해 볼 때 화재 탐지율을 향상시켰다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2015

광학적 잡음과 전기적 잡음을 복합적으로 제거할 수 있는 하이브리드 필터를 채용하고 펄스형태의 아크 광 신호를 적분하여 수신되는 아크에너지의 크기로 감지할 수 있는 원격감시 기능을 갖는 고감도 부분방전 센서를 구현하였다. 하이브리드 필터는 부분방전 센서가 설치되는 배전반 내 환경에서 내부 형광등과 백열등 조명에 대하여 영향을 받지 않음을 보여주었다. 종래에는 아크광의 불규칙한 파형특성으로 인하여 첨두치가 감지되어 아크광의 크기에 비례한 선택적 감지가 어려웠으나, 센서에 적용된 적분연산 기능은 각기 다른 아크광의 에너지 레벨에 대하여도 선택적으로 감지가 가능함을 실험적으로 보여주었다. 센서는 2m 이격된 원격지에서 100A 저압 MCCB의 정상 개폐 시 발생하는 섬광에 해당하는 광 에너지에 대해서도 감지가 가능함을 보여주어 원격감시 기능을 갖는 고감도 부분방전센서에 적용 가능함을 보여주었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2020

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals have attracted a lot of attention owing to their excellent optical properties such as high absorption coefficient, high diffusion length, and photoluminescence quantum yield in optoelectronic applications. Despite the many advantages of optoelectronic materials, understanding on how these materials interact with their environments is still lacking. In this study, the fluorescence properties of methylammonium lead bromide (CH₃NH₃PbBr₃, MAPbBr₃) nanoparticles are investigated for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aliphatic amines (monoethylamine, diethylamine, and trimethylamine). In particular, colloidal MAPbBr₃ nanoparticles demonstrate a high selectivity in response to diethylamine, in which a significant photoluminescence (PL) quenching (~ 100 %) is observed at a concentration of 100 ppm. This selectivity to the aliphatic amines may originate from the relative size of the amine molecules that must be accommodated in the perovskite crystals structure with a narrow range of tolerance factor. Sensitive PL response of MAPbBr₃ nanocrystals suggests a simple and effective strategy for colorimetric and fluorescence sensing of aliphatic amines in organic solution phase.