• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2014

Hand posture recognition is an important technique to enable a natural and familiar interface in HCI(human computer interaction) field. In this paper, we introduce a hand posture recognition method by using a depth camera. Moreover, the hand posture recognition method is incorporated with MPEG-U based advanced user interaction (AUI) interface system, which can provide a natural interface with a variety of devices. The proposed method initially detects positions and lengths of all fingers opened and then it recognizes hand posture from pose of one or two hands and the number of fingers folded when user takes a gesture representing a pattern of AUI data format specified in the MPEG-U part 2. The AUI interface system represents user's hand posture as compliant MPEG-U schema structure. Experimental results show performance of the hand posture recognition and it is verified that the AUI interface system is compatible with the MPEG-U standard.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.115-123
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• 1994

A man model can be used as an effective tool to design ergomonically sound products and workplaces, and subsequently evaluate them properly. For a man model to be truly useful, it must be integrated with a posture prediction model which should be capable of representing the human arm reach posture in the context of equipments and workspaces. Since the human movement possesses redundant degrees of freedom, accurate representation or prediction of human movemtn was known to be a difficult problem. To solve this redundancy problem, the psychophysical cost function can predict the arm reach posture accurately. But the joint discomfort that human feels at the joint can not be predicted since the effects of external factors on the joint discomfort is not known. In this study a psychophysical experi- ment using the magnitude estimation technique was performed to evaluate the effects of external factors such as joint, joint angle and Perceived Exertion Ratio on the joint discomfort. Results showed that the joint discomfort increased as the Perceived Exertion Ratio increased, but the relation is not linear and was affected not only by the joint but also by the joint angle for the same Perceived Exertion Ratio. The interaction effect of the joint and the joint angle was also significant. From the results it is needed to develope the cost function which can predict the joint discomfort considering the joint, joint angle and external load.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.337-352
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• 2023

This study develops a t-shirt design that align bones and balance muscles in order to maintain proper posture using the basic concepts of symmetry. First, theoretical and 3D design studies, existing literature on proper and improper posture, and the basic concepts of symmetry are studied to create the design. Next, the 3D design process applies bilateral, rotational, and scaling symmetries to design the inner lines from the basic application of symmetry. A two-stage design process is used, whereby the strain map and pressure points are analyzed using the CLO virtual clothing software, and the most effective design is determined through virtual testing. The results show that the Y+)( and X+― design, which combines the position and type of inner lines, is the most effective for posture correction and maintenance. Overall, this study helps create a theoretical and practical basis for exploring and understanding basic lines appropriate for the human body, and subsequently, for developing various products that maintain posture more accurately and precisely.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.6 s.78
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• pp.79-93
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• 2005

The study investigated whether the characteristics of human figures in Kinetic Family Drawing showed significant differences according to the drawer's personality (neurosis, intellectual openness, friendliness, extroversion, sincerity). The participants of this study were 340 high-school girls. The Five Factors Personality Test was conducted to assess personality factors and the Kinetic Family Drawing Test was used to obtain data on drawing characteristics. The data were analyzed using Chi-square. The results of this study are as follows: First, there were significant differences in ten subcategories such as face, countenance, eyes, mouth, inclusion of body. hands, posture, erasure, exertion of pressure on the paper, and lines, according to the degree of neurosis. Second, there were significant differences in countenance, eyes, posture, exertion of pressure on the paper, and lines according to the degree of extroversion. Third, there were significant differences in face, countenance, eyes, and posture, according to the degree of openness. Fourth, there were significant differences in erasure and lines according to the degree of friendliness Fifth, there were significant differences in countenance and posture according to the degree of sincerity. This study proved that among the personality factors, neurosis is most highly related with characteristics of persons drawn in the Kinetic Family I)lawing, whereas countenance and posture in the drawing were highly indicative of personality factors.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.836-850
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• 2009

Human posture recognition has attracted tremendous attention in ubiquitous environment, performing arts and robot control so that, recently, many researchers in pattern recognition and computer vision are working to make efficient posture recognition system. However the most of existing studies is very sensitive to human variations such as the rotation or the translation of body. This is why the feature, which is extracted from the feature extraction part as the first step of general posture recognition system, is influenced by these variations. To alleviate these human variations and improve the posture recognition result, this paper presents 3D Star Skeleton and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) based feature extraction methods in the multi-view environment. The proposed system use the 8 projection maps, a kind of depth map, as an input data. And the projection maps are extracted from the visual hull generation process. Though these data, the system constructs 3D Star Skeleton and extracts the rotation invariant feature using PCA. In experimental result, we extract the feature from the 3D Star Skeleton and recognize the human posture using the feature. Finally we prove that the proposed method is robust to human variations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 1997

In this study, subway train vibration has been measured to characterize the whole body vibration of Seoul subway lines for various human postures. Results show that the floor vibration level of the subway trains in the vertical direction is higher than that in other directions. At the standing human posture, vibration level of the head in the right-left direction are increased while that in the vertical direction is decreased. It is assumed that the different flexibility of the human body and the rolling motion of the subway trains are the main cause. At the sitting posture with back seat on, vibration level in the right and left direction at the human ischial tuberosities is lower than that in other directions. Results also show that there were little difference between back-seat on model and back-seat off model. Transmissibility analysis shows how the subway vibration affects the response of a human body.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2014

Human model simulation has been widely used in various industrial areas such as ergonomic design, product evaluation and characteristic analysis of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, the process of building digital human models and capturing their behaviors requires many costly and time-consuming fabrication iterations. To overcome the limitations of this expensive and time-consuming process, many studies have recently presented a markerless motion capture approach that reconstructs the time-varying skeletal motions from optical devices. However, the drawback of the markerless motion capture approach is that the phenomenon of occlusion of motion data occurs in real-time human simulation. In this study, we propose a systematic method of discriminating missing or inaccurate motion data due to motion occlusion and interpolating a sequence of motion frames captured by a markerless depth camera.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

A two-dimensional posture measurement system was developed to evaluate the risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) easily on various conditions of work. The posture measurement system is an essential tool to analyze the workload for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Although several posture measurement systems have been developed for workload assessment, some restrictions in industry still exist because of its difficulty on measuring work postures. In this study, an image recognition algorithm was developed based on a neural network method to measure work posture. Each joint angle of human body was automatically measured from the recognized images through the algorithm, and the measurement system makes it possible to evaluate the risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders easily on various working conditions. The validation test on upper body postures was carried out to examine the accuracy of the measured joint angle data from the system, and the results showed good measuring performance for each joint angle. The differences between the joint angles measured directly and the angles measured by posture measurement software were not statistically significant. It is expected that the result help to properly estimate physical workload and can be used as a postural analysis system to evaluate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in industry.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.271-282
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• 2003

Automotive occupant packaging has been a part of main ergonomics interests, especially, in terms of driver's posture. Previous research on driver's posture has mainly focused on the initial optimal posture for driving sedans. However, customer preferences on cars are shifting from sedans to RV and automobile manufacturing companies seek to understand temporal changes in drivers' posture according to driving environment. So the main aim of this study was to develop a driver's posture measurement system during driving and investigate casual changes due to duration, car type, traffic flow. Four male drivers participated in the experiments during one week. It was shown that considerable changes in their postures were caused with respect to driving environment, which implies that not only static optimal postures but their dynamic changes should be taken into consideration for proper design and evaluation of interior packaging. The research is expected to help packaging designers understand human drivers so as to improve their comfort.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2022

This paper proposes a method for evaluating the work of manufacturing workers using MediaPipe as a risk factor for musculoskeletal diseases. Recently, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by repeated working attitudes in industrial sites have emerged as one of the biggest problems in the industrial health field while increasing public interest. The Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency presents tools such as NIOSH Lifting Equations (NIOSH), OWAS (Ovako Working-posture Analysis System), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and Rapid Entertainment Assessment (REBA) as ways to quantitatively calculate the risk of musculoskeletal diseases that can occur due to workers' repeated working attitudes. To compensate for these shortcomings, the system proposed in this study obtains the position of the joint by estimating the posture of the worker using the posture estimation learning model of MediaPipe. The position of the joint is calculated using inverse kinetics to obtain an angle and substitute it into the REBA equation to calculate the load level of the working posture. The calculated result was compared to the expert's image-based REBA evaluation result, and if there was a result with a large error, feedback was conducted with the expert again.