• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of Entrance Examinees' Eating Behavior on their health condition. The examinees for Chungbuk National university in 1992 were asked to fill out the questionnaire(The total number was 1054 ; 537 males, 517 females). The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, Crosstabs, Chi-square, t-test, one-way Anova, and Multiple Regression using SPSS/PC+ Program. The results are as follows. 1. Health condition due to an eating attitude: 1) As to health condition due to the food intake freguency, those who intaked fish or meat 3-5 days a week had the best heal th condition, but those who hardly intaked fish and meat or intaked them almost everyday had rather poor health condition. Those who intaked fried foods 1-2 days a week had the best health condition. The higher the freguency intaking such food or instant food was, the worse health condition was. 2) In view of health condition according to an eating attitude, it led to very good health condition to have breakfast & supper, to eat regularly, to select the nutritious foods, and to have a balanced diet. Overeating before sleeping and no meal or overeating before exam made their health very bad. Alcohol drinking & cigarrette smoking as favorite foods appeared significantly high in the boys. The more frequently they drinked alcohol and smoked cigarrette the worse their health condition was. Those who enjoyed milk, soya milk, and korean tea as favorite beverages had the better health condition than those who enjoyed coffee and soft drinks. 2. Influence of Eating Behavior on Health Condition. 1) The food intake freguency and the eating attitude influenced each other. The higher the score of food intake frequency was, the better the eating attitude appeared. 2) As a result of this study for eating behavior influencing on their health condition, the eating attitude influenced health condition, and the higher the eating attitude score was, the better heal th condition could be.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2005

The propose of this study was to investigate taurine intake in formula-fed and breast-fed infants and to estimate the level of taurine of blood and urine in order to determine the requirement of taurine intake in infants. These results will be useful to suggest the guideline of requirement of taurine intake and may contribute toward the proper use of breast milk substitutes. Experimental groups were breast-fed infants (n=10) and formula-fed infants (n=10) of 20 normal delivery infants in general hospital. This study was longitudinal study from birth up to 16weeks (0 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks). The items of test were anthropometry(weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference), intake of taurine, taurine level of blood and urine in breast-fed and formula-fed infants. There were no significant differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants in weight, height, head and chest circumference. There is a need for future studies of exclusive infants with larger samples to determine which growth pattern should be considered as the norm. Taurine concentration of plasma and urine did not differ between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Taurine intake recommendations for infants is about 30mg/day from this study. This data will be useful for production of human-like formula milk and suggestion of an index of selection of a consumer in taurine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1546-1552
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• 2012

A feeding experiment with 40 lactating Holstein cows and 4 dietary treatments was conducted to investigate supplementation with different levels of alcohol fermented feed to the TMR on lactating performance, blood metabolites, milk fatty acid profile and cholesterol concentration of blood and milk. Forty Holstein lactating cows ($106{\pm}24$ d post-partum; mean${\pm}$SD) were distributed into four groups and randomly assigned to one of four treatments with each containing 10 cows per treatment. The treatment supplemented with TMR (DM basis) as the control (CON), and CON mixed with alcohol-fermented feeds (AFF) at a level of 5%, 10% and 15% of the TMR as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by supplementation of AFF. An increased 4% FCM in the milk occurred in cows fed T3 diet compared with CON, while T1 and T2 diets decreased 4% FCM in a dose dependent manner. Supplementation of AFF increased the concentration of albumin, total protein (TP), ammonia, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum compared with CON. In contrast, supplementation with AFF clearly decreased concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total cholesterol (TC) compare with CON. AFF supplementation increased the proportion of C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 compared to CON. A decrease in the concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) for T1, T2 and T3 resulted in an increased unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) to SFA ratio compared to CON. Concentration of cholesterol in milk fat was reduced in proportion to the supplemental level of AFF. Feeding a diet supplemented with a moderate level AFF to lactating cows could be a way to alter the feed efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk by increasing potentially human consumer healthy fatty acid without detrimental effects on feed intake and milk production. A substantially decreased cholesterol proportion in milk induced by supplementation AFF suggests that alcohol fermented feed may improve milk cholesterol levels without any negative effects in lactating cows.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.442-449
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• 1991

한국인 수유부 21명 의 모유에 함유된 철분, 아연, 및 구리의 함량을 경시적으로 초유부터 12주의 성숙유에 이르기까지 일정한 간격으로 세분하여 비교 검토하고, 생후 6~7주 된 14명의 모유영양아에 대한 1일 모유 및 미량원소 섭취량을 조사하였다. 모유에 함유된 이 세가지 미량원소들의 함량은 수유기간에 따라 유의적으로 감소 하였으며 모유의 평균 철분 함량은 초유에서 0.33$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 이행유에서 0.31$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 그리고 성숙유에서 0.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$이었고, 아연 농도는 각각 4.15$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 3.51$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$과 2.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$이었으며 초유와 이행유 그리고 성숙유의 평균 구리 농도는 각각 0.21$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 0.34$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 및 0.26$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$로 측정 되었다. 모유영양아의 평균 1일 모유 섭취량은 768g이었으며 모유를 통한 미량원소의 1일 평균 섭취량은 철분 0.19mg, 아연 2.10mg, 그리고 구리는 0.15mg 이었다. 앞으로 수유기간에 따른 모유내 미량원소 함량의 감소가 영아의 성장 발달 및 급식과 어떻게 관련되는가에 관한 연구와, 모유 영양아와 인공 영양아의 체내 미량윈소 영양 상태 비교가 이루 어져야 하겠으며 한국인 영아를 위한 영양 권장량은 성장이 양호한 모유 영양아의 영양소 섭취량을 기준하여 책정하는 것이 바람직 하다고 본다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrient intake, eating behaviors and health-related lifestyles of Korean non-nutrition major college students after they took a nutrition course. The subjects were 40 male and 147 female students at a university in Inchon. The results are summarized as follows: Average height of male and female students was 176.2 and 162.0 cm, respectively. Average weight was 66.2 and 52.3 kg, respectively. Average intake of calories, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and Ca was lower than Korean RDA. Fe intake of female students was lower than Korean RDA. Most students have had dietary problems such as overeating, eating unbalanced meals, and skipping meals. More than 60% of the students skipped breakfast. The main reason for skipping meals was lack of time. Most students didnt exercise regularly. About 40% of the students took vitamin or mineral supplements. As for smoking and alcohol use, 11.3% of the students drank alcohol and smoked, and 74.2% of them only drank alcohol. More than 30% of the students drank alcohol once a week. Most students ate out twice a week, and chose their based on taste rather than nutritional value. The main reason for eating out was simply to enjoy a meal. More than 60% of the students ate at places in or around campus. After taking the nutrition course, intake of milk and other dairy products, vegetables, fruits and protein-rich foods increased in female students. For both male and female students, intake of fat, sugar, processed foods, soft drinks, fried foods and spices decreased. Therefore, nutrition education had effect on non-nutrition major students, suggesting that proper nutrition education encouraged healthy eating habits on the part of college students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.48-61
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Magnesium is an essential nutrient for human health. However, inadequate intake is commonly reported worldwide. Along with reduced consumption of vegetables and fruits and increased consumption of refined or processed foods, inadequate magnesium intake is increasingly reported as a serious problem. This study aimed to assess magnesium intake, its dietary sources, and the adequacy of magnesium intake in Korean populations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data was obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2019 and included individuals aged ≥1 yr who had participated in a nutrition survey (n=28,418). Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall, and dietary magnesium intake was estimated using a newly established magnesium database. Diet adequacy was evaluated by comparing dietary intake with the estimated average requirement (EAR) suggested in the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2020. RESULTS: The mean dietary magnesium intake of Koreans aged ≥1 yr was 300.4 mg/d, which was equivalent to 119.8% of the EAR. The prevalence of individuals whose magnesium intake met the EAR was 56.8%. Inadequate intake was observed more in females, adolescents and young adults aged 12-29 yrs, elders aged ≥65 yrs, and individuals with low income. About four-fifths of the daily magnesium came from plant-based foods, and the major food groups contributing to magnesium intake were grains (28.3%), vegetables (17.6%), and meats (8.4%). The top 5 individual foods that contributed to magnesium intake were rice, Baechu (Korean cabbage) kimchi, tofu, pork, and milk. However, the contribution of plant foods and individual contributing food items differed slightly by sex and age groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the mean dietary magnesium intake among Koreans was above the recommended intake, whereas nearly one in 2 Koreans had inadequate magnesium intake. To better understand the status of magnesium intake, further research is required, which includes the intake of dietary supplements.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a nutrition education and personalized lunch service program in a senior welfare center. A total of 30 elderly (14 males, 16 females) aged 62~89 years participated in this study. Nutrition education lessons (2 hour/lesson/week) were provided for 4 weeks. Also, ten weeks from week 3rd to week 12th, personalized lunch providing 1/3 personal needed energy was served 5 times for a week. After the nutrition intervention program, we compared anthropometric characteristics, blood biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake using 24 hr recall with those before the intervention. The body weight (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) were decreased. There were significant increases in score of nutrition knowledge (p < 0.01) and consumption of milk & milk products for snacks. There was a positive effect on fasting blood sugar (FBS) showing significant decreases in portion of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). Also, serum triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In evaluation of nutrient intake by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), riboflavin (p < 0.01), vitamin C (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.05) were positively improved. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) and intakes of vitamin C (p < 0.001), riboflavin (p < 0.05), Ca (p < 0.01) and Fe (p < 0.05) were increased. In conclusion, this nutrition education and lunch service program providing 1/3 personal needed energy can be used to develop and implement a tailored nutritional intervention programs in the setting of a community senior welfare center to improve health and nutritional status of Korean elderly.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.722-733
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore dietary patterns and compare dietary patterns using cluster and factor analysis in Korean adults. This study analyzed data of 4,182 adult populations who aged 30 and more and had all of socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data from 2005 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Socio-demographic data was assessed by questionnaire and dietary data from 24-hour recall method was used. For cluster analysis, the percent of energy intake from each food group was used and 4 patterns were identified: "traditional", "bread, fruit & vegetable, milk", "noodle & egg", and "meat, fish, alcohol". The "traditional" pattern group was more likely to be old, less educated, living in a rural area and had higher percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates than other pattern groups. "Meat, fish, alcohol" group was more likely to be male and higher percentage of energy intake from fat. For factor analysis, mean amount of each food group was used and also 4 patterns were identified; "traditional", "modified", "bread, fruit, milk", and "noodle, egg, mushroom". People who showed higher factor score of "traditional" pattern were more likely to be elderly, less educated, and living in a rural area and higher proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates. In conclusion, three dietary patterns defined by cluster and factor analysis separately were similar and all dietary patterns were affected by socio-demographic factors and nutrient profile.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2010

모유 수유를 받는 영아는 생후 6개월까지 모유에 거의 모든 영양소 섭취를 의존하기 때문에 유즙의 콜린 농도가 영아의 콜린섭취에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 식품에는 콜린과 베타인이 함께 들어 있고 체내에서 콜린은 베타인으로 산화되어 메칠기 운반에 관여하므로 식품속의 총 콜린 함량만이 아니라 베타인 함량도 함께 고려하여야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수유기간별 유즙의 총 콜린, 유리 콜린, 베 타인의 변화를 조사하고자 하였다. LC-MS방법을 사용하여 수유부 유즙의 콜린과 베타인 농도를 분석하여 영아의 콜린과 베타인의 섭취상태를 알아보고자 하였다. 1) 모유의 총 콜린 농도는 수유 첫 1개월째 145.03 mg/L (1.39 mmol/L), 2개월째 157.83 mg/L (1.52 mmol/L), 3개월째 165.99 mg/L (1.60 mmol/L), 4개월째 153.67 mg/L (1.48 mmol/L), 5개월째 145.05 mg/L (1.39 mmol/ L)이었다. 모유의 유리 콜린 농도는 수유 1개월 24.96 mg/L (0.239 mmol/L), 2개월 29.56 mg/L (0.284 mmol/L), 3개월 29.40 mg/L (0.283 mmol/L), 4개월 23.41 mg/L (0.225 mmol/L), 5개월 24.03 mg/L (0.231 mmol/L)로 수유월령에 따라 큰 차이는 없었다. 모유의 베타인 농도는 수유 1개월에 4.424 mg/L (0.038 mmol/L), 2개월 3.442 mg/L (0.033 mmol/L), 3개월 3.200 mg/L (0.031 mmol/L), 4개월 2.257 mg/L (0.022 mmol/L), 5개월 2.433 mg/L ($0.020\;{\mu}mol/L$)이었다. 2) 수유기간별 영아의 유즙 섭취량은 2개월에 771.1 mL/d, 3개월에 792.0 mL/d, 4개월에 796.5 mL/d, 5개월에 711.0 mL/d이었다. 3) 영아의 총 콜린 섭취량은 2개월 124.61 mg/d, 3개월 120.90 mg/d, 4개월 126.50 mg/d, 5개월 104.09 mg/d로 4개월까지는 큰 변화가 없었으나 생후 5개월에 크게 감소하는 경향이었다. 영아의 체중 kg당 총 콜린 섭취량은 2개월 19.76 mg/d, 3개월 16.67 mg/d, 4개월 16.14 mg/d, 5개월 12.80 mg/d이었다. 4) 영아의 유리콜린 섭취량은 2개월 24.15 mg/d, 3개월 21.57 mg/d, 4개월 19.35 mg/d, 5개월 17.10 mg/d이었고, 수유기간별로 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 점차 감소하는 경향이었다. 영아의 체중 kg당 유리콜린 섭취량은 2개월 3.85 mg/d, 3개월 2.97 mg/d, 4개월 2.47 mg/d, 5개월 2.08 mg/d이었다. 5) 영아의 베타인 섭취량은 2개월 3.12 mg/d, 3개월 2.82 mg/d, 4개월 2.10 mg/d, 5개월 1.83 mg/d로 유리콜린과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 영아의 체중 kg당 베타인 섭취량은 2개월 0.50 mg/ d, 3개월 0.39 mg/d, 4개월 0.27 mg/d, 5 개월 0.22 mg/d이었다. 6) 영아의 콜린 섭취량은 모유의 콜린농도와는 r = 0.982 (p = 0.000), 모유섭취량과는 r = 0.414 (p = 0.028)로 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 연구결과로부터 한국인 수유부 유즙의 총 콜린농도와 유리콜린농도는 외국인 수유부의 유즙에 비해 결코 낮지 않은 수준이며, 이로 인해 영아의 콜린 섭취상태는 부족하지 않을 것으로 사료된다. 더욱이 영아의 총콜린 섭취량은 모유 섭취량보다 모유의 총콜린 농도와 더 강한 양의 상관관계를 나타냄으로써 모유의 콜린농도가 영아의 콜린 섭취량에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 가능성을 보였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 1999

건강한 한국성인의 분에서 분리된 Lactobacillus acidophilus SNUL 01과 SNUL 02가 각각 $1{\times}10^8\;cfu/mL$ 수준으로 함유된 애시도필루스우유를 자원한 20명의 건강한 성인에게 하루에 두 번, 3주일간 음용하도록 하면서, 분의 pH, 총 lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, 그리고 Clostridium perfringens 수의 변화를 시험 연구하였다 두 균주로 제조된 애시도필루스우유를 섭취하기 전초기 분의 pH는 pH 7수준이었으며, 섭취 21일 후 분의 pH는 약 pH 5 수준으로 낮아졌고, 분의 총 lactobacilli 수는 약 $10^7\;cfu/g$ 수준에서 4일 후에는 $10^8\;cfu/$분 g 수준까지 증가하여 시험 후반기까지 안정적으로 유지하였다. 한편, 분의 E. coli 수는 약 $10^7{\sim}10^8\;cfu/g$ 수준에서 21일 후에는 약 $10^6\;cfu/g$ 수준으로 감소하였고, 분의 C. perfringens 수도 $10^5{\sim}10^6\;cfu/g$ 수준에서 $10^3\;cfu/$분 g 수준으로 감소하였다. 따라서 이 L. acidophilus 균주들로 제조된 발효유를 계속해서 섭취할 때 장내 정상 균총의 유지에 도움이 되면서 장내 유해 미생물의 생장을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.