• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 1976

The study was conducted for an attempt to improve the diluting fluid for total leukocyte count, and to prepare a multipurpose diluting fluid for concurrent direct counts of total leukocytes, eosinophils and the other leukocytes. Through the experiment, two better fluids for total leukocyte count of blood of human, bovine, swine, canine and rabbit were selected, and which conserved cell morphology of leukocytes better than $T{\ddot{u}}rk$-solution. Each formula of two fluids were given as under R I and R II. Formula of multipurpose diluting fluid selected in the experiment was given as under III. With this fluid, direct counts of total leukocytes, eosinophils and probably basophils of blood of human, bovine and swine were practicable concurrently in the same counting chamber of a hemocytometer. In this fluid, eosinophils were stained red in the part of eosinophilic granules and blue in other part of cell, and basophils were stained dark blue like as a lump of black granules, staining three other leukocytes faint blue. Eosinophils of canine blood were not so enough red those in other animal and human and eosinophils of rabbit blood were not distinguishable from pseudoeosinophils in this fluid.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.520-526
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• 2017

Carnosine was recently reported to protect against the DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of eel Anguilla japonica carnosine extracts prepared using different methods (heat treatment extracts, HTEs; ion exchange chromatography, IEC; ultrafiltration permeation, UFP) on leukocyte DNA damage using the comet assay. Human leukocytes were incubated with extracts of eel carnosine at concentrations (of 10, 50, $100{\mu}g/mL$), and then subjected to an oxidative stimulus [$200{\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)]. Pretreatment of the cells for 30 min with carnosine significantly reduced the genotoxicity of $H_2O_2$ measured as DNA strand breaks. The protective effects of the three types of extract (HTE, IEC, and UFP) increased with concentration. At the highest concentration (100 g/mL). there were no statistical differences in oxidative damage between each extract treatment and PBS-treated negative controls. When leukocytes were incubated with carnosine for 30 min after exposure to $H_2O_2$. the protective ability of each extract changed. Therefore, eel carnosine inhibits the $H_2O_2$ induced damage to cellular DNA in human leukocytes, supporting the protective effect of this compound against oxidative damage.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2005

In the present study, we have measured 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA of stomach cancers, adjacent stomach cancer tissues, normal stomach tissues and peripheral blood leukocytes of the same stomach cancer patients (n = 48) to investigate their etiological association with gastric cancer and possibility whether peripheral blood leukocytes can use surrogate marker for early stomach cancer diagnosis by HPLC/ECD system. In normal stomach tissues, we found that 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in tissues infected with Helicobacter pylori were 1.4 fold higher than those in tissues without infected with Helicobacter pylori. However, in adjacent stomach cancer tissues, we found that 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in tissues infected with Helicobacter pylori were 1.5 fold lower than those in tissues without infected with Helicobacter pylori. In stomach cancer tissues, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in tissues infected with Helicobacter pylori were not significantly different from those in tissues without infected with Helicobacter pylori. In Helicobacter pylori-negative specimens, 8­hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels of adjacent stomach cancer tissues were found to be significantly higher than those of normal stomach and cancer tissues. The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels of female were 1.7 fold higher than those of male in peripheral blood leukocytes of the same stomach cancer patients. The 8-hydroxy-2'­deoxyguanosine levels in Helicobacter pylori-negative specimens among adjacent stomach cancer tissues were found to be reversely correlated with those in peripheral blood leukocytes, suggesting that 8-hydroxy-2'-deox­yguanosine in peripheral blood leukocytes may not use as surrogate marker for the early diagnosis of human stomach cancer.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.85-85
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 1987

Attempts were to produce porcine leukocyte interferon(PorLeIF) and porcine immune interferon (PorIIF) in the culture of porcine leukocytes. The interferons produced were tested for antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus on poreine-derived PK(15) cells, human-derived FL cells, and Korean native black goat-derived BGK cells. The results were summarized as follws: 1. In the isolation of porcine leukocytes, the mean isolation rate by the buffy coat separation method (28.7%) was higher than that by the hydroxyethyl starch-RBC sedimentation method (9.2%). 2. When NDV(BI)-induced PorLeIFs were assyed on PK(15) cells and FL cells, the mean titers were 129 IU/ml and 72 IU/ml respectively, being 55.8% of the activity in homologous species system expressed in heterologous system. 3. The activities of PHA P-induced PorIIFs were 197 IU/ml on PK (15) cells and no activity on human FL cells. The mean antiviral activity of PorIIF was 1.5 times that of PorLeIF in PK (15) cells. 4. The cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus was observed in BGK cells derived from Korean native black goat kidney permitting interferon assay on the cells. While the cross-species antiviral activity of reference human ${\alpha},\;{\beta}-interferon$ was observed on the cells, PorLeIF and PorIIF did not show any activity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develop a method for direct determination of phagocytic activities in human circulatic systems and to measure the phagocytic activities in human leukocytes from the alcoholics, since phagocytic activity was considered to be very important in human immune mechanism at early stage for the health care of the alcoholics. The subjects for this study were 130 among which 95 males and 3 females were diagnosed as alcoholism and 32 was healthy blood donors. A thin layer of heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I was placed on a plastic dish and reacted with whole blood to measure the phagocytic plaque formation by human leukocytes. In order to determine the health conditions of the subjects, some clinical laboratory tests, such as white blood cell counts, hemoglobin contents (Hgb), mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells(MCV), serum electrophoresis, B and T-lymphocytes, T-lymphocyte subtypes and phytohemagglutination test were also implemented. Compared to the non-alcoholism, new and old alcoholic inpatients showed statistically significant differences on levels of Hgb and MCV (p<0.05), but showed that T and B-lymphocyte numbers decreased and Helper T cell/Suppressor T cell ratio ($1.6{\pm}0.8$%) increased. Compared to non-alcoholism, phagocytic plaque activities of leukocytes from alcoholic patients decreased significantly and an unusual pattern in phagocytic plaque was observed, showing a strange body and chain shaped phagocytosis. Based upon these results, it is concluded that a phagocytic-plaques of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I by leukocytes was very simple and useful method for the early immunological determination of phagocytic activities in alcoholic patients without requiring any special equipments.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.245-249
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• 1998

White blood cells (WBCs) are present in most human ejaculates, but abnormally high concentration of seminal leukocytes may reflect an underlying pathological condition. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined leukocytospermia as status of more than $10^6$ WBC/mL of semen. The purpose of this study was firstly, to compare the outcomes between conventional IVF and ICSI in leukocytospermia, and secondly, to investigate whether ICSI may be an alternative treatment for patients with leukocytospermia. Total 121 cycles of conventional IVF and ICSI candidates underwent IVF cycles at PL Infertility Clinic. Semen Parameters including concentration, motility, morphology of spermatozoa and concentration of leukocytes were assessed from the raw ejaculates. There was no difference in sperm concentration, motility and morphology. The rates of fertilization and good embryo development from ICSI were significantly higher than those from conventional IVF in leukocytospermia (63.9% & 48.6%, respectively for ICSI group and 33.4% & 24.1%, respectively for IVF group, p<0.001). The pregnancy rate after ICSI was also higher than that from conventional IVF (34.3% vs 21.6%, p<0.05). These results indicate that the presence of seminal leukocytes ($>1\times10^6$ WBC/mL of semen) is adversely related with fertilization, embryo development and pregnancy rate. Therefore the measurement of seminal leukocytes in routine semen analysis appears to be of prognostic value with regard to male fertilizing potential. In conclusion, it is suggested that ICSI is an alternative choice of treatment for patients with leukocytospermia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.686-690
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• 2015

The adrenergic receptor beta 2 (ADRB2) plays a role in various physiological responses of the muscle to exercise, such as contraction and relaxation. Given its important role in muscle function, we investigated the structure of the horse ADRB2 gene and its expression pattern after exercise to determine if it can serve as a putative biomarker for recovery. Evolutionary analyses using synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratios, were compared with other species (human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, cow, pig, chicken, dog, and cat), and revealed the occurrence of positive selection in the horse ADRB2 gene. In addition, expression analyses by quantitative polymerase chain reaction exhibited ubiquitous distribution of horse ADRB2 in various tissues including lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, thyroid, appendix, colon, spinal cord and heart, with the highest expression observed in the lung. The expression of ADRB2 in skeletal muscle was significantly up-regulated about four folds 30 minutes post-exercise compared to pre-exercise. The expression level of ADRB2 in leukocytes, which could be collected with convenience compared with other tissues in horse, increased until 60 min after exercise but decreased afterward until 120 min, suggesting the ADRB2 expression levels in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker to check the early recovery status of horse after exercise. In conclusion, we identified horse ADRB2 gene and analyzed expression profiles in various tissues. Additionally, analysis of ADBR2 gene expression in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker useful for evaluation of early recovery status after exercise in racing horses.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.552-552
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• 2001

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a major role in the development of periapical bone resorption. IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ are known to stimulate bone resorption and inhibit bone formation. Recent evidence has indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have the ability to release IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ Calcium hydroxide is an effective medicament in root canal infections, reducing the microbial titre within the canal. It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of $Ca(OH)_2$ may also be the result of direct inactivation of LPS.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.562.1-562
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• 2001

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a major role in the development of periapical bone resorption. IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ are known to stimulate bone resorption and inhibit bone formation. Recent evidence has indicated that polymophonuclear leukocytes(PMNs) have the ability to release IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ Calcium hydroxide is an effective medicament in root canal infections, reducing the microbial titre within the canal. It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of $CA(OH)_2$ may also be the result of direct inactivation of LPS.(omitted)