• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2011

This study traces the origin, evolution, and current state-of-the-art of engineering-oriented water-quality management and modeling. Three attributes of polluted water underlie human concerns for water quality: rubbish (aesthetic impairment), stink (ecosystem impairment), and death (public health impairment). The historical roots of both modern environmental engineering and water-quality modeling are traced to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when European and American engineers worked to control and manage urban wastewater. The subsequent evolution of water-quality modeling can be divided into four stages related to dissolved oxygen (1925-1960), computerization (1960-1970), eutrophication (1970-1977) and toxic substances (1977-1990). Current efforts to integrate these stages into unified holistic frameworks are described. The role of water-quality management and modeling for developing economies is outlined.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.159-170
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• 1996

In this paper, we propose a generating method for the optimal rules for the nonlinear control system using evolution algorithms and fuzzy controller. With the aid of evolution algorithms optimal rules of fuzzy logic system can be automatic designed without human expert's priori experience and. knowledge. and ran be intelligent control. The approachpresented here generating rules by self-tuning the parameters of membership functions and searchs the optimal control rules based on a fitness value which Is tile defined performance criterion. Computer simulations demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed method In non -linear systems.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 1995

In this paper, we propose a generating method for the optimal rules of the fuzzy rule base using evolution algorithms. With the aid of evolution algorithms optimal rules of fuzzy logic system can be automatic designed without human expert's priori experience and knowledge. can be intelligent control. The a, pp.oach presented here generating rules by self-tuning the parameters of membership functions and searchs the optimal control rules based on a fitness value which is the defined performance criterion. Computer simulations demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed method in non-linear systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2119-2128
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• 2015

Cancer is the leading cause of death around the world. Anticancer activities from many functional food sources have been reported in years, but correlation between cancer prevalence and types of food with anticancer activities from crop origin center in the world as well as food source with human migration are unclear. Hunger from food shortage is the cause of early human evolution from Africa to Asia and later into Eurasia. The richest functional foods are found in crop origin centers, housing about 70% in the world populations. Crop origin centers have lower cancer incidence and mortality in the world, especially Central Asia, Middle East, Southwest China, India and Ethiopia. Asia and Africa with the richest anticancer crops is not only the most important evolution base of humans and origin center of anticancer functional crop, but also is the lowest mortality and incidence of cancers in the world. Cancer prevention of early human migrations was associated with functional foods from crop origin centers, especially Asia with four centers and one subcenter of crop origin, accounting for 58% of the world population. These results reveal that coevolution between human's anticancer activities associated with functional foods for crop origin centers, especially in Asia and Africa.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1028-1038
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• 2007

Human plasma Hp is classified as 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2. They are inherited from two alleles Hp 1 and Hp 2, but there is only Hp 1 in almost all the animal species. Hp 2-2 molecule is extremely large and heterogeneous associated with the development of inflammatory-related diseases. In this study, we expressed entire bovine Hp in E. coli as a $\alpha\beta$ linear form. Interestingly, the antibodies prepared against this form could recognize the subunit of native Hp. In stead of a complicated column method, the antibody was able to isolate bovine Hp via immunoaffinity and gelfiltration columns. The isolated Hp is polymeric containing two major molecular forms (660 and 730 kDa). Their size and hemoglobin binding complex are significantly larger than that of human Hp 2-2. The amino-acid sequence deducted from the nucleotide sequence is similar to human Hp 2 containing a tandem repeat over the $\alpha$ chain. Thus, the Hp 2 allele is not unique in human. We also found that there is one additional -SH group (Cys-97) in bovine $\alpha$ chain with a total of 8 -SH groups, which may be responsible for the overall polymeric structure that is markedly different from human Hp 2-2. The significance of the finding and its relationship to structural evolution are also discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.509-517
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• 2016

Previous studies have investigated the similarity between the development of evolutionary explanations and students' conceptual developments on evolution. However, the validity and reliability of the assessment method reflecting the similarity have not been quantitatively examined yet. In addition, no study has examined the conceptual progressions of evolution concept based on contexts although literature has addressed the contextual difference of evolutionary explanation in the history of science. This study examined the validity and reliability of history-of-science-based evolution concept assessment using ordered multiple choice (OMC) methods and Rasch analysis and explored conceptual progression by three contexts (e.g., human, animal, and plant). The evolution concept assessment developed by Ha (2007) was used to examine 1711 elementary, middle, and high school students, and pre- and in-service science teachers' (biology majors and non-majors) evolution concepts. Internal consistency reliability and item response fitness of the OMC method that provide 0- to 4-point scores to creationism, teleology, intentionality, use/disuse, and natural selection respectively met the benchmark based on the Cronbach alpha and MNSQ indices of Rasch analysis. The level of elementary and middle school students' evolution concepts were located between intentionality and use/disuse while the level of high school and non-biology science teachers' evolution concepts were located between use/disuse and natural selection. The conceptual progressions of evolution concepts were differentiated according to three contexts. This study provided the quantitative evidence for the similarity between the development of evolutionary explanations and students' conceptual developments on evolution and suggest new analysis methods (i.e., OMC) of evolution concept assessment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.01a
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• pp.265-271
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• 2001

It is highly for the research in artificial intelligence area to be able to manage knowledge as human beings do. One of the fantastic natures that human knowledge management systems have is being active. Human beings actively manage their knowledge, solve conflicts and make inference. It makes a major difference from artificial intelligent systems. This paper focuses on the discussion of the features of that human knowledge systems, which underlies the active nature. With the features extracted, further research can be done to construct a suitable infrastructure to facilitate these features to build a man-made active knowledge management system. This paper proposed 10 features that human beings follow to maintain their knowledge. We believe it will advance the evolution of active knowledge management systems by realizing these features with suitable knowledge representation/decision models and software agent technology.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.585-592
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• 1999

A new paradigm of technology, based on the overall interactions of technology, human and environment, is explored. History of technology and machines is reviewed in terms of the interactions of human and machines. Two main concepts of intelligent interactions proposed, holism and embodiment, are based on the interactions of machines and human through human body : Korperlichkeit ( corporeality). Human body movements are the result of long periods of evolution and, thus, are very optimized motions. Complicated and flexible motions could be easily achieved by mimicking human body movements. Motion capture and mimic systems based on the electromagnetic, visual, and gyroscopic type trackers, are being implemented to demonstrate these concepts. Also, various motion mappings are investigated on these interactive systems. By exploring a new paradigm of technology through Korperlichkeit, an oriental view of technology as relativities may evolve to embrace the limitations of western view of machines as an absolute independent form.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.284-289
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• 1991

the nucleotide sequence of the 3' terminal 568 bases of the 18S rRNA gene from Mucor racemosus was determined. The 3' end of the structural gene was identified by comparison with the published sequence for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene. The M. racemosus gene was found to share 83.8% homology with that of S. cerevisiae and 71-81% homology with those of human, mouse, maize, Xenopus laevis and Tetrahymena thermophila. The known methylation sites in X. laevis and human were also highly conserved in M. racemosus and located within most conserved regions of 18S RNA gene throughout evolution.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.163-166
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• 2004